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The description Last of the Romans (Ultimus Romanorum) has historically been given to any man thought to embody the values of Ancient Roman civilization
Culture of ancient Rome

Ancient Rome culture evolved throughout the almost 1200-year history of that civilization. The term refers to the culture of the Roman Republic, later the Roman Empire, which, at peak, covered an area from Cumbria and Morocco to the Euphrates....
 - values which, by implication, became extinct on his death.

It has been used to describe a number of individuals. The first recorded instance was Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
's description of Marcus Junius Brutus
Marcus Junius Brutus

File:Portrait Brutus Massimo.jpgMarcus Junius Brutus or Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, often referred to simply as Brutus, was a Roman Senate of the late Roman Republic....
 as the one with whom the old Roman spirit would become extinct.

Many people have been called "Last of the Romans":



In a more literal sense, it could also refer to:



A different list, "Last of the Romans," was offered in E.






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The description Last of the Romans (Ultimus Romanorum) has historically been given to any man thought to embody the values of Ancient Roman civilization
Culture of ancient Rome

Ancient Rome culture evolved throughout the almost 1200-year history of that civilization. The term refers to the culture of the Roman Republic, later the Roman Empire, which, at peak, covered an area from Cumbria and Morocco to the Euphrates....
 - values which, by implication, became extinct on his death.

It has been used to describe a number of individuals. The first recorded instance was Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
's description of Marcus Junius Brutus
Marcus Junius Brutus

File:Portrait Brutus Massimo.jpgMarcus Junius Brutus or Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, often referred to simply as Brutus, was a Roman Senate of the late Roman Republic....
 as the one with whom the old Roman spirit would become extinct.

Many people have been called "Last of the Romans":

  • Gaius Asinius Pollio
    Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 BC)

    Gaius Asinius Pollio was a Roman Republic soldier, politician, orator, poet, playwright, literary critic and historian, whose lost contemporary history, provided much of the material for the historians Appian and Plutarch....
     (BC 75-AD 4), one of the last great orators and writers of the Roman Republic
    Roman Republic

    The Roman Republic was the phase of the Ancient Rome characterized by a republican form of government; a period which began with the overthrow of the Roman Roman Kingdom, c....
    .
  • Valens
    Valens

    Flamin Julius Valens was Roman Emperor , after he was given the Eastern part of the empire by his brother Valentinian I. Valens, sometimes known as the Last of the Romans, was defeated and killed in the Battle of Adrianople, which marked the beginning of the fall of the Western Roman Empire....
     (328-378), the Emperor who led his army to a catastrophic defeat in the Battle of Adrianople
    Battle of Adrianople

    The second Battle of Adrianople , sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between a Roman Empire army led by the Roman Emperor Valens and Goths rebels led by Fritigern....
    .
  • Ambrosius Aurelianus
    Ambrosius Aurelianus

    Ambrosius Aurelianus, ; called Aurelius Ambrosius in the Historia Regum Britanniae and elsewhere, was a King of the Britons of the Romano-British who won an important battle against the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century, according to Gildas....
     (5th c.), a Romano-British
    Romano-British

    Romano-British culture is that of the Romanised Britons under the Roman Empire and later the Western Roman Empire, and of those exposed to Roman culture in the years after the Roman departure from Britain....
     military commander against the Anglo-Saxon
    Anglo-Saxons

    Anglo-Saxons is the term usually used to describe the invading tribes in the south and east of Great Britain starting from the early 5th century AD, and their creation of the English nation, lasting until the Norman conquest of England of 1066....
     invasion.
  • Flavius Aëtius
    Flavius Aëtius

    Flavius A?tius or simply A?tius, , dux et patricius, was a Roman Empire general of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire. He was an able military commander and the most influential man of the Western Roman Empire for two decades ....
     (396?-454), a general in the late Western Roman Empire
    Western Roman Empire

    The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285; the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire, today widely known as the Byzantine Empire....
     who defended the Gauls against the Franks and other barbarians, and defeated Attila in the Catalaunian Fields near Châlons, in 451. So called by Procopius
    Procopius

    Procopius of Caesarea was a prominent Byzantine Empire scholar of the family Procopius . A participant himself in the wars of the Emperor Justinian I, he was the major historian of the 6th century, writing the Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History....
    .
  • Ovida
    Ovida

    Ovida was a general during the late Western Roman Empire and the last Roman ruler of Dalmatia.Following Flavius Orestes's coup against Western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos on August 28, 475, Ovida remained loyal to the Emperor and accompanied him on his escape to Dalmatia....
     (?-480) the last Roman commander in Illyricum
    Illyricum

    Illyricum can refer to:* Illyricum * Diocese of Illyricum* Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum...
    , defeated and killed by Odoacer
    Odoacer

    Odoacer , also known as Odovacar , was a Germanic general and the first non-Roman King of Italy after 476. He deposed the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus, that year, but continued to rule first as a nominal client of Julius Nepos and, after Nepos' death in AD 480, as a client of the Eastern Roman Emperor....
    .
  • Syagrius
    Syagrius

    Syagrius was the son of Aegidius, the last Roman magister militum per Gaul. Syagrius preserved his father's rump state between the Somme and the Loire around Domain of Soissons after the collapse of central rule in the Western Empire, the so-called "Kingdom" of Syagrius, as Gregory of Tours understood it, applying the Frankish term for...
     (430-?487), the last Roman commander in Gaul
    Gaul

    Gaul is the name used for the region of Western Europe comprising part of present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the River Rhine....
     before the invasion of the Franks
    Franks

    The Franks or Frankish people were a West Germanic ethnic group first identified in the 3rd century as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River....
    .
  • Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius
    Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius

    Anicius Manlius Severinus Bo?thius was a Christian or pagan philosopher of the 6th century. He was born in Rome to an ancient and important family which included emperors Petronius Maximus and Olybrius and many Roman consul....
     (480-?525), one of the last great philosophers of Rome.
  • Justinian I
    Justinian I

    Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus , AD 482 or 483 ? 13 or 14 November 565, was the second member of the Justinian Dynasty and List of Roman Emperors from 527 until his death....
     (?482-565), the successful Byzantine emperor, second of the Justinian Dynasty
    Justinian Dynasty

    The Justinian Dynasty is a family who ruled over the Byzantine Empire from 518 to 602. It originated with Justin I and ended with Maurice .* Justin I - ...
    .
  • Flavius Belisarius (505?-565), one of the greatest generals of the Byzantine Empire
    Byzantine Empire

    Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
     and one of the most acclaimed generals in history. He was also the only Byzantine general to be granted a Roman Triumph
    Roman triumph

    A Roman triumph was a civil religion and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publically celebrate the achievements of an army commander who had won great military successes, originally and traditionally, who had successfully completed a war....
    .
  • Gregory the Great (540?-604), an influential Pope
    Pope

    The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005....
     and native to Rome.


In a more literal sense, it could also refer to:

  • Romulus Augustus, the last de facto Western Roman Emperor.
  • Julius Nepos
    Julius Nepos

    Flavius Julius Nepos was a Roman Emperor of the West during the Roman Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Some historians consider him to be the last De jure Western Emperor, others consider the western line to have ended with Romulus Augustus in 476....
    , the last de jure Western Roman Emperor.
  • Constantine XI Paleologus, the last de facto Eastern Roman Emperor.
  • Andreas Palaiologos
    Andreas Palaiologos

    Andreas Palaiologos de jure Byzantine emperor and Despotate of Morea from 1465 until death in 1502.He was the nephew of Constantine XI Palaiologos, the last Byzantine Emperor of Constantinople....
    , the last de jure Eastern Roman Emperor.


A different list, "Last of the Romans," was offered in E. Cobham Brewer, Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1898):
  • Marcus Junius Brutus
    Marcus Junius Brutus

    File:Portrait Brutus Massimo.jpgMarcus Junius Brutus or Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, often referred to simply as Brutus, was a Roman Senate of the late Roman Republic....
    , one of the murderers of Caesar.
  • Gaius Cassius Longinus
    Gaius Cassius Longinus

    For other individuals with a similar name, see Cassius Longinus.Gaius Cassius Longinus was a Roman Republic Roman Senate, the prime mover in the conspiracy against Julius Caesar, and the brother in-law of Marcus Junius Brutus....
    , so called by Brutus and by the ancient historian Cremutius Cordus.
  • Stilicho
    Stilicho

    Flavius Stilicho was a high-ranking general , Patrician and Consul of the Western Roman Empire, notably of barbarian birth....
    , a powerful Roman general in the early 5th century.
  • Flavius Aëtius
    Flavius Aëtius

    Flavius A?tius or simply A?tius, , dux et patricius, was a Roman Empire general of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire. He was an able military commander and the most influential man of the Western Roman Empire for two decades ....
    .
  • François Joseph Terasse Desbillons; so called from the elegance and purity of his Latin (1751-1789).
  • Alexander Pope
    Alexander Pope

    Alexander Pope is generally regarded as the greatest England poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer....
     called William Congreve Ultimus Romanorum. (1670-1729.)