Lanuvium

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Lanuvium

Lanuvium (more frequently Lanivium in Imperial Roman

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
times, later Civita Lavinia, modern Lanuvio

Lanuvio

Lanuvio is a comune in the Province of Rome in the Italy region Latium, located about 30 km southeast of Rome, on the Alban Hills.Lanuvio borders the following municipalities: Aprilia , Ariccia, Genzano di Roma, Velletri....
) is an ancient city of Latium

Latium

Lazio, called Latium in English language, is a Regions of Italy of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany, Umbria, and Marche to the north, Abruzzo to the east, Campania to the south, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west....
, some 32 km southeast of Rome

Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
, a little southwest of the Via Appia.

Lanuvium was situated on an isolated hill projecting south from the main mass of the Alban Hills

Alban Hills

The Alban Hills are the site of a quiescent volcano in Italy, located 20 km southeast of Rome and about 24 km north of Anzio, Italy.The dominant peak is the Monte Cavo, at 950 m ....
, and commanding an extensive view over the low country between it and the sea. According to the legend, it was founded by Diomedes

Diomedes

Diomedes or Diomed is a hero in Greek mythology, mostly known for his participation in the Trojan War. He was born to Tydeus and Deipyle and later became King of Argos, succeeding his grandfather, Adrastus....
, or by one Lanoios, an exiled from Troy

Troy

Troy is a legendary city and center of the Trojan War, as described in the Epic Cycle, and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer....
.

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Lanuvium (more frequently Lanivium in Imperial Roman

Roman Empire

Lanuvio

Latium

Rome

Alban Hills

Diomedes

Troy

Troy is a legendary city and center of the Trojan War, as described in the Epic Cycle, and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer....
. The first documented traces of the settlement dates however from the 9th century BC. In the 6th century BC it was part of Latin League

Latin league

The Latin League was a confederation of about 30 villages and tribes in the region of Latium near ancient Rome organized for mutual defense. The term "Latin League" is one coined by modern historians with no precise Latin equivalent....
.

It warred against Rome

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
at the battle of Aricia (504 BC) and Lake Regillus

Battle of Lake Regillus

The Battle of Lake Regillus was a legendary early Roman Republic victory, won over the Latin League led by the expelled Etruscan civilization former king of Rome....
(496 BC) and again in 383 and 341 BC, mostly with negative outcomes. In 338 BC it was conquered by Rome. At first it did not enjoy the right of Roman citizenship

Citizenship

Citizenship refers to a person's membership in a political community such as a country or city. It has different legal definitions in different countries....
, but acquired it later; and even in imperial times its chief magistrate and municipal council kept the titles of dictator
Roman dictator

Dictator was a political office of the Roman Republic. The dictator was above the three branches of government in the constitution of the Roman Republic as no other body or officer could check his power....
and senatus respectively.

It was especially famous for its rich and much venerated temple of Juno Sospes, from which Octavian borrowed money in 31 BC, and the possessions of which extended as far as the seacoast. It possessed many other temples, repaired by Antoninus Pius

Antoninus Pius

Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus , generally known in English as Antoninus Pius was Roman Emperors from 138 to 161. He was the fourth of the Five Good Emperors and a member of the Aurelii....
, who was born close by, as was also Commodus

Commodus

Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus , was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 . The name given here was his official name at his accession to sole rule; see 'Commodus#Changes of name' for earlier and later forms....
. Other people who sojourned in Lanuvium include Marcus Aemilius Lepidus

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus may refer to:* Marcus Aemilius Lepidus , consul in 232 BC and 221 BC, and augur* Marcus Aemilius Lepidus , consul in 187 BC and 175 BC, Pontifex Maximus 180?152 BC, and censor...
, Marcus Iunius Brutus and Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important stoicism philosophy....
.

The edict of Theodosius I

Theodosius I

Flavius Theodosius , also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great , was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire....
(391 AD), which made Christianity the sole religion of the Roman Empire, caused the decay of the city, which was later abandoned.

Remains of the ancient theatre and of the city walls exist in the modern town, and above it is an area surrounded by a portico

Portico

A portico is a porch that is leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls....
, in opus reticulatum
Opus reticulatum

Opus reticulatum is a form of brickwork used in Roman architecture. It consists of diamond-shaped bricks of tuff which are placed around a core of opus caementicium....
, upon the north side of which is a rectangular building in opus quadratum
Opus quadratum

Opus quadratum is an ancient Roman construction technique, in which squared blocks of stone of the same height were set in parallel courses, without the use of Mortar ....
, probably connected with the temple of Juno

Juno (mythology)

File:Juno sospita pushkin.jpgJuno was an Roman religion, the protector and special counselor of the state. She is a daughter of Saturn and sister of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Juventas, Mars , and Vulcan ....
. Here archaic decorative terracottas were discovered. The acropolis

Acropolis

Acropolis literally means city on the edge . For purposes of defense, early settlers naturally chose elevated ground, frequently a hill with precipitous sides....
of the primitive city was probably on the highest point above the temple to the north. The neighborhood, which is now covered with vineyard

Vineyard

A vineyard is a plantation of grape-bearing vines, grown mainly for winemaking, but also raisins, table grapes and non-alcoholic grape juice. The science, practice and study of vineyard production is known as viticulture....
s, contains remains of many Roman villa

Roman villa

A Roman villa is a villa that was built or lived in during the Roman republic and the Roman Empire. A villa was originally a Rome country house built for the upper class....
s, one of which is traditionally attributed to Antoninus Pius.