The Lance Formation is a division of Late Cretaceous

Late Cretaceous

The Late Cretaceous is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous period is divided in the geologic timescale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous series...

 (dating to about 67.5-65.5 Ma) rocks in the western United States. Named after Lance Creek, Wyoming

Lance Creek, Wyoming

Lance Creek is a census-designated place in Niobrara County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 51 at the 2000 census. Lance Creek is the namesake of the Lance Formation, a rock formation from the Late Cretaceous that has yielded fossils from a diverse number of species.-Geography:Lance...

, the microvertebrate fossils and dinosaurs represent important components of the latest Mesozoic

Mesozoic

The Mesozoic era is an interval of geological time from about 250 million years ago to about 65 million years ago. It is often referred to as the age of reptiles because reptiles, namely dinosaurs, were the dominant terrestrial and marine vertebrates of the time...

 vertebrate faunas. The Lance Formation is Late Maastrichtian in age (Lancian

Lancian

-Geology:Terrestrial sedimentary strata from the Judithian to the Lancian are generally regressive through-out the entire sequence, so the preserved changes in fossil communities represent not only phylogenetic changes but ecological zones from the submontane habitats to near-sea level coastal...

 land mammal age

Nalma

Nalma is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2082 people living in 409 individual households.-External links:*...

), and shares much fauna

Fauna

Fauna or faunæ is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is flora.Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert fauna" or the "Burgess shale fauna"...

 with the Hell Creek Formation

Hell Creek Formation

The Hell Creek Formation is an intensely-studied division of Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana...

 of Montana and North Dakota, the Frenchman Formation

Frenchman Formation

The Frenchman Formation is a division of Upper Cretaceous rocks found in Saskatchewan, Canada. More accurately described as Late Maastrichtian, these rocks contain the youngest of dinosaur genera, much like the Hell Creek Formation in the United States....

 of southwest Saskatchewan, and the lower part of the Scollard Formation

Scollard Formation

-References:* Ryan, M. J., and Russell, A. P., 2001. Dinosaurs of Alberta : In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 279-297....

 of Alberta.

Description

The formation is described by W.G. Pierce as thick-bedded, buff-colored sandstone, and drab to green shale. It is Upper Cretaceous

Cretaceous

The Cretaceous , derived from the Latin "creta" , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide , is a geologic period and system from circa to million years ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period of the...

 in age.

The formation varies in thickness from about 90m (300 feet) in North Dakota

North Dakota

North Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America, along the Canadian border. The state is bordered by Canada to the north, Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south and Montana to the west. North Dakota is the 19th-largest state by area in the U.S....

, to almost 600m (2,000 feet) in parts of Wyoming.

At least tens of thousands of Late Cretaceous vertebrate remains have been recovered from the Lance Formation. Fossils ranging from microscopic elements to extensive bonebeds, with nearly complete, sometimes articulated

Joint

A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. They are constructed to allow movement and provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally.-Classification:...

 dinosaur skeletons, have been found.

Paleontology

The Lance Formation was laid down by streams, on a coastal plain along the edge of the Western Interior Seaway

Western Interior Seaway

The Western Interior Seaway, also called the Cretaceous Seaway, the Niobraran Sea, and the North American Inland Sea, was a huge inland sea that split the continent of North America into two halves, Laramidia and Appalachia, during most of the mid- and late-Cretaceous Period...

. The climate

Climate

Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elemental measurements in a given region over long periods...

 was subtropical; there was no cold season and probably ample precipitation

Precipitation (meteorology)

In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation (also known as one of the classes of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation...

. Most of the animals known from the formation are freshwater animals, and some are exclusively freshwater forms (for instance, frogs and salamanders). However, marine fossils

Marine (ocean)

Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...

 are also found in the formation, suggesting that the sea was nearby. The bird

Bird

Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...

 fauna is mainly composed of order

Order (biology)

In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...

s still existing today.

Birds

Bird Bird Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from... s reported from the Lance Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic Position	Material	Notes	Images
Apatornis Apatornis Apatornis is a prehistoric terrestrial bird genus endemic to North America during the Late Cretaceous living about 83.5 mya. It is known from a single fossil specimen: a synsacrum, the fused series of vertebrae over the hips.-Taxonomy:...	A. retusus			Partial coracoid	Reclassified as Palintropus Palintropus Palintropus is a prehistoric bird genus from the Late Cretaceous. A single species has been named based on a proximal coracoid from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, dated to the latest Maastrichtian, 65.5 million years ago...  retusus
Ceramornis Ceramornis Ceramornis is a prehistoric bird genus from the Late Cretaceous. It lived shortly before the K-Pg mass extinction in the Maastrictian, some 65.5 million years ago . Its remains were found in the Lull 2 location, a Lance Formation site in Niobrara County, Wyoming . A single species is known,...	C. major			Partial coracoid	A possible charadriiform Charadriiformes Charadriiformes is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 350 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most Charadriiformes live near water and eat invertebrates or other small animals; however, some are pelagic , some occupy deserts and a few are found in thick...
Cimolopteryx Cimolopteryx Cimolopteryx is a prehistoric bird genus from the late Cretaceous Period. Remains attributed to Cimolopteryx have been found in the Frenchman Formation of Saskatchewan, the Lance Formation of Wyoming, and possibly the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. All date to the end of the Maastrichtian age,...	C. maxima				A charadriiform, also present in the Hell Creek Formation Hell Creek Formation The Hell Creek Formation is an intensely-studied division of Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana...
	C. petra
	C. rara				A charadriiform, also present in the Frenchman Formation Frenchman Formation The Frenchman Formation is a division of Upper Cretaceous rocks found in Saskatchewan, Canada. More accurately described as Late Maastrichtian, these rocks contain the youngest of dinosaur genera, much like the Hell Creek Formation in the United States....
	C. retusa			Partial coracoid	Reclassified as Palintropus Palintropus Palintropus is a prehistoric bird genus from the Late Cretaceous. A single species has been named based on a proximal coracoid from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, dated to the latest Maastrichtian, 65.5 million years ago...  retusus
"Cimolopteryx"	"C." minima				A charadriiformes previously referred to Cimolopteryx Cimolopteryx Cimolopteryx is a prehistoric bird genus from the late Cretaceous Period. Remains attributed to Cimolopteryx have been found in the Frenchman Formation of Saskatchewan, the Lance Formation of Wyoming, and possibly the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. All date to the end of the Maastrichtian age,... but belonging to a new genus. Also present in the Hell Creek Formation Hell Creek Formation The Hell Creek Formation is an intensely-studied division of Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana...
Graculavus Graculavus Graculavus is a prehistoric bird genus that was described by O. C. Marsh. Its remains were found in the Late Cretaceous Austin Chalk of Texas and Lance Formation , and the controversial Hornerstown Formation which straddles the Cretaceous–Paleocene boundary, possibly dating to the Danian stage...	G. augustus			Partial humerus	A possible charadriiform
Ichthyornis Ichthyornis Ichthyornis is a genus of toothed seabirds from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Its fossil remains are known from the chalks of Alberta, Alabama, Kansas, New Mexico, Saskatchewan, and Texas, in strata that were laid down in the Western Interior Seaway during the Turonian-Campanian ages,... ?	I.? sp.			Partial sacrum	An ichthyornithiform
Lonchodytes Lonchodytes Lonchodytes is a Late Cretaceous genus of aquatic bird, which lived along the shores of the Western Interior Seaway. It lived probably during the Maastrichtian, 70 million years ago , and was found in Lance Creek Formation rocks in Wyoming though it seems still somewhat unclear if it did fossilize...	L. estesi			Partial tarsometatarsus	A procellariiform Procellariiformes Procellariiformes is an order of seabirds that comprises four families: the albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters, storm petrels, and diving petrels...
"Lonchodytes"	"L." pterygius			Partial carpometacarpus	A neoavian, formerly classified as Lonchodytes Lonchodytes Lonchodytes is a Late Cretaceous genus of aquatic bird, which lived along the shores of the Western Interior Seaway. It lived probably during the Maastrichtian, 70 million years ago , and was found in Lance Creek Formation rocks in Wyoming though it seems still somewhat unclear if it did fossilize...
"Palaeotringa"	"P." vetus			Two partial tibiotarsi	A bird similar to gruids, idiornithids and presbyornithid Presbyornithidae Presbyornithidae were a family of waterbirds with an apparently global distribution that lived until the Earliest Oligocene, but are now extinct... s. Formerly classified as Palaeotringa Palaeotringa Palaeotringa is a prehistoric bird genus that was discovered by O. C. Marsh during the bone wars. Its remains were found in the controversial Hornerstown Formation of New Jersey which straddles the Cretaceous-Paleocene boundary some 66 million years ago...
Palintropus Palintropus Palintropus is a prehistoric bird genus from the Late Cretaceous. A single species has been named based on a proximal coracoid from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, dated to the latest Maastrichtian, 65.5 million years ago...	P. retusus			Partial coracoid	A possible galliform Galliformes Galliformes are an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding domestic or game bird, containing turkey, grouse, chicken, New and Old World Quail, ptarmigan, partridge, pheasant, and the Cracidae. Common names are gamefowl or gamebirds, landfowl, gallinaceous birds or galliforms...
Potamornis Potamornis Potamornis is a prehistoric bird genus that dated back to the late Maastrichtian. Its scrappy remains were found in the Lance Formation at Buck Creek, USA, and a single species has been named and described in 2001: Potamornis skutchi....	P. skutchi			"Quadrate and postcranial elements."	An ornithurine, possibly a hesperornithiform Hesperornithiformes Hesperornithes is an extinct and highly specialized clade of Cretaceous toothed birds. Hesperornithine birds, apparently limited to former aquatic habitats in the Northern Hemisphere, include genera such as Hesperornis, Parahesperornis, Baptornis, Enaliornis, and probably Potamornis, all...
Presbyornithidae Presbyornithidae Presbyornithidae were a family of waterbirds with an apparently global distribution that lived until the Earliest Oligocene, but are now extinct...  indet.	Indeterminate			Three partial shoulder blades and a partial breastbone	A presbyornithid
Torotix Torotix Torotix is a Late Cretaceous genus of aquatic bird. It lived along the shores of the Western Interior Seaway, but it is not clear whether it was a seabird or a freshwater bird, as it is only known from a humerus. Consequently, the genus is monotypic, with the single species Torotix clemensi.It...	T. clemensi			Partial humerus	A possible charadriiform or pelecaniform
Unnamed enantiornithine	Unnamed			Partial MTII and pedal phalanges	An enantiornithine, previously referred to "Ornithomimus" minutus
Unnamed neornithine	Unnamed			Two fragmentary neck vertebrae	A neornithine
Unnamed phalacrocoracid	Unnamed			Femur	A phalacrocoracid
Unnamed psittaciform	Unnamed			Lower jaw	A possible parrot Parrot Parrots, also known as psittacines , are birds of the roughly 372 species in 86 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into three families: the Psittacidae , the Cacatuidae and the Strigopidae...

Other Coelurosaurs

Misc Coelurosaurs of the Lance Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic Position	Material	Notes	Images
Aublysodon Aublysodon Aublysodon is a name given to a large number of carnivorous dinosaur teeth of a certain form found in numerous late Cretaceous period geological formations...	A. amplus				Nomina dubia probably synonymous with Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus meaning "tyrant," and sauros meaning "lizard") is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex , commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other...  rex
	A. cristatus
Dromaeosaurus Dromaeosaurus Dromaeosaurus was a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived during the Late Cretaceous period , sometime between 76.5 and 74.8 million years ago, in the western United States and Alberta, Canada. The name means 'running lizard'....	Indeterminate				A dromaeosaurid Dromaeosauridae Dromaeosauridae is a family of bird-like theropod dinosaurs. They were small- to medium-sized feathered carnivores that flourished in the Cretaceous Period. The name Dromaeosauridae means 'running lizards', from Greek dromeus meaning 'runner' and sauros meaning 'lizard'...
?Dryptosaurus Dryptosaurus Dryptosaurus was a genus of primitive tyrannosaur that lived in Eastern North America during the middle Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous period. Although largely unknown now outside of academic circles, a famous painting of the genus by Charles R...	D. cristatus			"Tooth."	Junior synonym of Troodon Troodon Troodon is a genus of relatively small, bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period . Discovered in 1855, it was among the first dinosaurs found in North America...  formosus, actually from the Judith River Formation Judith River Formation The Judith River Formation is a fossil-bearing geologic formation in Montana, and is part of the Judith River Group. It dates to the upper Cretaceous, between 80 and 75 million years ago, corresponding to the "Judithian" land vertebrate age...
	Indeterminate			Teeth	Tyrannosaur teeth previously referred to Dryptosaurus
Dynamosaurus	D. imperiosus				Junior synonym of Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus meaning "tyrant," and sauros meaning "lizard") is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex , commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other...  rex
Manospondylus	M. gigas			Neck vertebrae	Nomen dubium probably synonymous with Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus meaning "tyrant," and sauros meaning "lizard") is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex , commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other...  rex
Ornithomimus Ornithomimus Ornithomimus is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America.In 1890 Ornithomimus velox was named by Othniel Charles Marsh on the basis of a foot and partial hand from the Maastrichtian Denver Formation. Another seventeen species have been named since...	Indeterminate			An ornithomimid
	O. sedens				Reclassified as Struthiomimus Struthiomimus Struthiomimus is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. It was a long-legged, ostrich-like dinosaur.The bipedal Struthiomimus stood about long and tall at the hips and weighed around...  sedens
"Ornithomimus"	"O.". minutus				Misclassified as the former Ornithomimus Ornithomimus Ornithomimus is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America.In 1890 Ornithomimus velox was named by Othniel Charles Marsh on the basis of a foot and partial hand from the Maastrichtian Denver Formation. Another seventeen species have been named since... species now recognized as an alvarezsaurid from the Denver Basin Denver Basin The Denver Basin, sometimes also called the Julesburg Basin, Denver-Julesburg Basin , or the D-J Basin, is a geologic structural basin centered in eastern Colorado in the United States, but extending into southeast Wyoming, western Nebraska, and western Kansas... , material actually belonged to an enantiornithine
Paronychodon Paronychodon Paronychodon was a theropod dinosaur genus. It is a tooth taxon, considered dubious because of the fragmentary nature of the fossils, which include "buckets" of teeth but no other remains...	P. caperatus			Teeth	A troodontid
Pectinodon	P. bakkeri			Teeth	Junior synonym of Troodon Troodon Troodon is a genus of relatively small, bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period . Discovered in 1855, it was among the first dinosaurs found in North America...  formosus
Ricardoestesia Ricardoestesia Richardoestesia is a medium-sized genus of theropod dinosaur from the late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America. It is known from a single pair of lower jaw bones and a large number of isolated teeth....	R. cf. gilmorei			Teeth	Dromaeosaurids
	R.? isosceles
	Indeterminate
Saurornithoides Saurornithoides Saurornithoides is a genus of troodontid maniraptoran dinosaur, living during the Late Cretaceous period. These creatures were predators, which could run fast on their hind legs and had excellent sight and hearing...	S. inequalis			Teeth	Misclassified as Troodon Troodon Troodon is a genus of relatively small, bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period . Discovered in 1855, it was among the first dinosaurs found in North America...  inequalis, from the Dinosaur Park Formation Dinosaur Park Formation The Dinosaur Park Formation is the uppermost member of the Judith River Group, a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. It was laid down over a period of time between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago. The formation is made up of deposits of a high-sinuosity fluvial system, and is capped...
Struthiomimus Struthiomimus Struthiomimus is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. It was a long-legged, ostrich-like dinosaur.The bipedal Struthiomimus stood about long and tall at the hips and weighed around...	S. sedens			"Sacrum and fragmentary illium."	An ornithomimid
Troodon Troodon Troodon is a genus of relatively small, bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period . Discovered in 1855, it was among the first dinosaurs found in North America...	T. bakkeri			Teeth	Junior synonym of T. formosus
	T. formosus			Teeth	A troodontid Troodontidae Troodontidae is a family of bird-like theropod dinosaurs. During most of the 20th century, troodontid fossils were few and scrappy and they have therefore been allied, at various times, with many dinosaurian lineages... , also found in the Dinosaur Park Dinosaur Park Formation The Dinosaur Park Formation is the uppermost member of the Judith River Group, a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. It was laid down over a period of time between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago. The formation is made up of deposits of a high-sinuosity fluvial system, and is capped... , Judith River Judith River Formation The Judith River Formation is a fossil-bearing geologic formation in Montana, and is part of the Judith River Group. It dates to the upper Cretaceous, between 80 and 75 million years ago, corresponding to the "Judithian" land vertebrate age... , Oldman Oldman Formation The Oldman Formation is the middle member of the Judith River Group, a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. The formation is widely recognized as bearing a great number of well preserved dinosaur skeletons, as well as other fossils.-Age:...  and Two Medicine Formation Two Medicine Formation The Two Medicine Formation is a geologic formation, or rock body, that was deposited between 83.5 ± 0.7 Ma to 70.6 ± 0.6 Ma , during Campanian time, and is located in northwestern Montana... s
Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus meaning "tyrant," and sauros meaning "lizard") is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex , commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other...	T. rex			Several partial specimens and teeth	A tyrannosaurid, also found in the Denver Denver Formation The Denver Formation is a geological formation in Colorado whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.-Ornithischians:-Saurischians:-References:... , Ferris Ferris Formation The Ferris Formation is a Late Cretaceous to Paleocene , fluvial-deltaic geological formation in southern Wyoming. It contains a variety of trace and body fossils, preserved in sandy fluvial channel deposits and overbank units... , Frenchman Frenchman Formation The Frenchman Formation is a division of Upper Cretaceous rocks found in Saskatchewan, Canada. More accurately described as Late Maastrichtian, these rocks contain the youngest of dinosaur genera, much like the Hell Creek Formation in the United States.... , Hell Creek Hell Creek Formation The Hell Creek Formation is an intensely-studied division of Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana... , Javelina Javelina Formation The Javelina Formation is a geological formation in Texas. Dating has shown that the strata date to the mid-late Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous, with the middle part of the formation dated to about 69 million years ago plus or minus 1 Ma and the top situated near the K-Pg boundary,... , Kirtland Kirtland Formation The Kirtland Formation is a sedimentary geological formation. It is the product of alluvial muds and overbank sand deposits from the many channels draining the coastal plain that existed on the inland seashore of North America, in the late Cretaceous period. It overlies the Fruitland Formation... , Livingston Livingston Formation The Livingston Formation is a geological formation in Montana whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.-References:... , McRae McRae Formation The McRae Formation is a geological formation in New Mexico whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.-References:... , North Horn North Horn Formation The North Horn Formation is a geological formation in Utah whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.-Vertebrate paleofauna:... , Scollard Scollard Formation -References:* Ryan, M. J., and Russell, A. P., 2001. Dinosaurs of Alberta : In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 279-297.... , Tornillo, and Willow Creek Formation Willow Creek Formation The Willow Creek Formation is a geological formation in Alberta, Canada whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.... s.
Unnamed dromaeosaurid	Unnamed (Ostrom, 1969)			Teeth	A dromaeosaurid
Unnamed troodontid	Unnamed (Currie, Rigby and Sloan, 1990)			Teeth	A troodontid

Ankylosaurs

Ankylosaurs of the Lance Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic Position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Ankylosaurus Ankylosaurus Ankylosaurus is a genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur, containing one species, A. magniventris...	A. magniventris				An ankylosaurid
Denversaurus	D. schlessmani				Reclassified as Edmontonia Edmontonia Edmontonia was an armoured dinosaur, a part of the nodosaur family from the Late Cretaceous Period. It is named after the Edmonton Formation , the unit of rock it was found in.-Description:...  schlessmani
Edmontonia Edmontonia Edmontonia was an armoured dinosaur, a part of the nodosaur family from the Late Cretaceous Period. It is named after the Edmonton Formation , the unit of rock it was found in.-Description:...	E. rugosidens				Material classified as E. schlessmani is sometimes considered to be conspecific with E. rugosidens
	E. schlessmani				A nodosaurid

Marginocephalians

Marginocephalians reported from the Lance Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic Position	Material	Notes	Images
Agathaumas Agathaumas Agathaumas is a dubious genus of a large ceratopsid dinosaur that lived in Wyoming during the Late Cretaceous . The name comes from Greek, αγαν - 'much' and θαυμα - 'wonder'...	A. sylvestris			"Partial sacrum and pelvis."	A dubious Nomen dubium In zoological nomenclature, a nomen dubium is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application...  ceratopsid probably synonymous with Triceratops
Diceratus	D. hatcheri				Junior synonym of Nedoceratops hatcheri
Leptoceratops Leptoceratops Leptoceratops , was a primitive ceratopsian dinosaur genus from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Western North America, at the same time as its giant...	L. gracilis				A ceratopsian
Nedoceratops	N. hatcheri			"[One] skull."	A ceratopsid possibly synonymous with Triceratops
Pachycephalosaurus Pachycephalosaurus Pachycephalosaurus is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur. It lived during the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America. Remains have been excavated in Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming. It was an herbivorous or omnivorous creature which is only known from a single skull and a few...	P. wyomingensis				A pachycephalosaur
"Palaeoscincus"	"P." latus			"Tooth."	A dubious pachycephalosaur, previously classified as the ankylosaur Palaeoscincus Palaeoscincus Palaeoscincus is a dubious genus of ankylosaurian dinosaur based on teeth from the mid-late Campanian-age Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana...
Stygimoloch Stygimoloch Stygimoloch is a putative genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from the end of the Cretaceous period, roughly 65 million years ago...	S. spinifer				A pachycephalosaur possibly synonymous with Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis
Torosaurus Torosaurus Torosaurus is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur that lived during the late Cretaceous period , between 70 and 65 million years ago. It possessed one of the largest skulls of any known land animal. The frilled skull reached in length...	T. latus				A ceratopsid possibly synonymous with Triceratops. Also present in the Frenchman Frenchman Formation The Frenchman Formation is a division of Upper Cretaceous rocks found in Saskatchewan, Canada. More accurately described as Late Maastrichtian, these rocks contain the youngest of dinosaur genera, much like the Hell Creek Formation in the United States....  and Hell Creek Formation Hell Creek Formation The Hell Creek Formation is an intensely-studied division of Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana... s.
Triceratops Triceratops Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur which lived during the late Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous Period, around 68 to 65 million years ago in what is now North America. It was one of the last dinosaur genera to appear before the great Cretaceous–Paleogene...	T. horridus			"Partial skull and skeleton."	A ceratopsid, also found in the Evanston Evanston Formation The Evanston Formation is a geological formation in Wyoming whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.-Vertebrate paleofauna:* Alamosaurus sp.* Triceratops horridus... , Frenchman Frenchman Formation The Frenchman Formation is a division of Upper Cretaceous rocks found in Saskatchewan, Canada. More accurately described as Late Maastrichtian, these rocks contain the youngest of dinosaur genera, much like the Hell Creek Formation in the United States.... , Kirtland Kirtland Formation The Kirtland Formation is a sedimentary geological formation. It is the product of alluvial muds and overbank sand deposits from the many channels draining the coastal plain that existed on the inland seashore of North America, in the late Cretaceous period. It overlies the Fruitland Formation... , Hell Creek Hell Creek Formation The Hell Creek Formation is an intensely-studied division of Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana... , Laramie Laramie Formation The Laramie Formation is a geologic formation of Cretaceous age, named by Clarence King in 1876 for exposures in northeastern Colorado, in the United States.... , and Scollard Formation Scollard Formation -References:* Ryan, M. J., and Russell, A. P., 2001. Dinosaurs of Alberta : In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 279-297.... s.
	T. ingens				Junior synonym of T. horridus
	T. sulcatus			"Fragmentary skull."	A nomen dubium

Ornithopods

Ornithopod Ornithopod Ornithopods or members of the clade Ornithopoda are a group of ornithischian dinosaurs that started out as small, bipedal running grazers, and grew in size and numbers until they became one of the most successful groups of herbivores in the Cretaceous world, and dominated the North American... s of the Lance Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic Position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Anatosaurus	A. annectens				Reclassified as Edmontosaurus Edmontosaurus Edmontosaurus is a genus of crestless hadrosaurid dinosaur. It contains two species: Edmontosaurus regalis and Edmontosaurus annectens. Fossils of E. regalis have been found in rocks of western North America that date from the late Campanian stage of the Cretaceous Period 73 million years ago,...  annectens
Anatotitan Anatotitan Anatotitan is a genus of flat-headed or hadrosaurine hadrosaurid ornithopod dinosaur from the very end of the Cretaceous Period, in what is now North America...	A. longiceps				A dubious Nomen dubium In zoological nomenclature, a nomen dubium is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application...  hadrosaurid, probably synonymous with Edmontosaurus annectens
Claosaurus Claosaurus Claosaurus is a genus of primitive hadrosaurid that lived during the Late Cretaceous Period .Evidence of its existence was first found near the Smoky Hill River in Kansas, USA in the form of partial skull fragments and as an articulated postcranial skeleton...	C. annectens				Reclassified as Edmontosaurus Edmontosaurus Edmontosaurus is a genus of crestless hadrosaurid dinosaur. It contains two species: Edmontosaurus regalis and Edmontosaurus annectens. Fossils of E. regalis have been found in rocks of western North America that date from the late Campanian stage of the Cretaceous Period 73 million years ago,...  annectens
Edmontosaurus Edmontosaurus Edmontosaurus is a genus of crestless hadrosaurid dinosaur. It contains two species: Edmontosaurus regalis and Edmontosaurus annectens. Fossils of E. regalis have been found in rocks of western North America that date from the late Campanian stage of the Cretaceous Period 73 million years ago,...	E. annectens				A hadrosaurid
	E. regalis				Misidentified E. annectens remains
Thescelosaurus Thescelosaurus Thescelosaurus was a genus of small ornithopod dinosaur that appeared at the very end of the Late Cretaceous period in North America. It was a member of the last dinosaurian fauna before the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event around 65.5 million years ago...	T. neglectus				A "hypsilophodont". Also found in the Frenchman Frenchman Formation The Frenchman Formation is a division of Upper Cretaceous rocks found in Saskatchewan, Canada. More accurately described as Late Maastrichtian, these rocks contain the youngest of dinosaur genera, much like the Hell Creek Formation in the United States.... , Hell Creek Hell Creek Formation The Hell Creek Formation is an intensely-studied division of Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana... , Laramie Laramie Formation The Laramie Formation is a geologic formation of Cretaceous age, named by Clarence King in 1876 for exposures in northeastern Colorado, in the United States....  and Scollard Formation Scollard Formation -References:* Ryan, M. J., and Russell, A. P., 2001. Dinosaurs of Alberta : In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 279-297.... s.
Thespesius Thespesius Thespesius is a dubious genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from the late Maastrichtian-age Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation of South Dakota....	T. annectens				Reclassified as Edmontosaurus Edmontosaurus Edmontosaurus is a genus of crestless hadrosaurid dinosaur. It contains two species: Edmontosaurus regalis and Edmontosaurus annectens. Fossils of E. regalis have been found in rocks of western North America that date from the late Campanian stage of the Cretaceous Period 73 million years ago,...  annectens
	T. occidentalis				A dubious Nomen dubium In zoological nomenclature, a nomen dubium is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application...  hadrosaurid
Trachodon Trachodon Trachodon is a dubious genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur based on teeth from the Campanian-age Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana, U.S.A...	T. annectens				Reclassified as Edmontosaurus Edmontosaurus Edmontosaurus is a genus of crestless hadrosaurid dinosaur. It contains two species: Edmontosaurus regalis and Edmontosaurus annectens. Fossils of E. regalis have been found in rocks of western North America that date from the late Campanian stage of the Cretaceous Period 73 million years ago,...  annectens
	T. longiceps				Reclassified as Anatotitan Anatotitan Anatotitan is a genus of flat-headed or hadrosaurine hadrosaurid ornithopod dinosaur from the very end of the Cretaceous Period, in what is now North America...  longiceps, possibly synonymous with Anatotitan Anatotitan Anatotitan is a genus of flat-headed or hadrosaurine hadrosaurid ornithopod dinosaur from the very end of the Cretaceous Period, in what is now North America...  copei and/or Edmontosaurus annectens

Other vertebrates

Other land vertebrate

Vertebrate

Vertebrates are animals that are members of the subphylum Vertebrata . Vertebrates are the largest group of chordates, with currently about 58,000 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fishes, bony fishes, sharks and rays, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds...

s include pterosaur

Pterosaur

Pterosaurs were flying reptiles of the clade or order Pterosauria. They existed from the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous Period . Pterosaurs are the earliest vertebrates known to have evolved powered flight...

s (e.g. cf. Azhdarcho

Azhdarcho

Azhdarcho is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the late Cretaceous Period of the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan. It is known from fragmentary remains including the distinctive, elongated neck vertebrae that characterizes members of the family Azhdarchidae, which also includes such giant...

), crocodile

Crocodile

A crocodile is any species belonging to the family Crocodylidae . The term can also be used more loosely to include all extant members of the order Crocodilia: i.e...

s, champsosaurs

Choristodera

Choristodera is an order of semi-aquatic diapsid reptiles which ranged from the Middle Jurassic, or possibly Late Triassic, to at least the early Miocene. Choristoderes have been found in North America, Asia, and Europe. The most common fossils are typically found from the Late Cretaceous to the...

, lizard

Lizard

Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with nearly 3800 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica as well as most oceanic island chains...

s, snake

Snake

Snakes are elongate, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears. Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales...

s, turtle

Turtle

Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines , characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs that acts as a shield...

s, frog

Frog

Frogs are amphibians in the order Anura , formerly referred to as Salientia . Most frogs are characterized by a short body, webbed digits , protruding eyes and the absence of a tail...

s and salamander

Salamander

Salamander is a common name of approximately 500 species of amphibians. They are typically characterized by a superficially lizard-like appearance, with their slender bodies, short noses, and long tails. All known fossils and extinct species fall under the order Caudata, while sometimes the extant...

s.

Remains of fishes and mammals have also been found in the Lance Formation.

See also

• List of fossil sites (with link directory)
• List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations

External links

• Passport-In-Time Microvertebrate Fossil Project