LÃ¼beck

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LÃ¼beck

Lübeck is the second largest city

City

A city is an urban area with a high population density and a particular administrative, legal, or historical status.Large industrialized cities generally have advanced systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, house, and transportation and more....
in Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein is the Northern Germany of the sixteen States of Germany of Germany. Its capital city is Kiel, other notable cities are L?beck and Flensburg....
, in northern Germany

Northern Germany

Northern Germany is the geographic area in the north of Germany. The native Germans concept of northern Germany is called Norddeutschland....
, and one of the major port

Port

||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|}A port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually found at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake....
s of Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
. It was for several centuries the "capital" of the Hanseatic League

Hanseatic League

The Hanseatic League was an Military alliance of Trade cities and their guilds that established and maintained trade monopoly along the coast of Northern Europe, from the Baltic Sea to the North Sea and inland, during the Late Middle Ages and Early modern period ....
("Queen of the Hanse") and because of its Brick Gothic

Brick Gothic

Brick Gothic is a reduced style of Gothic architecture common in Northern Europe, especially in Northern Germany and the regions around the Baltic Sea without natural rock resources....
architectural heritage is on UNESCO

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on 16 November 1945....
's list of World Heritage Sites. In 2005 it has a population of 213,983.

Situated at the Trave

Trave

The Trave is a river in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is approximately 124 kilometres long, running from its source near the village of Gie?elrade in Ostholstein to Travem?nde where it flows into the Baltic Sea....
River, Lübeck is the largest German port on the Baltic Sea. The old part of the town is an island enclosed by the Trave.

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Encyclopedia

Lübeck is the second largest city

City

Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein is the Northern Germany of the sixteen States of Germany of Germany. Its capital city is Kiel, other notable cities are L?beck and Flensburg....
, in northern Germany

Northern Germany

Northern Germany is the geographic area in the north of Germany. The native Germans concept of northern Germany is called Norddeutschland....
, and one of the major port

Port

||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|}A port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually found at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake....
s of Germany

Germany

Hanseatic League

Brick Gothic

UNESCO

Trave

Elbe-Lübeck Canal

The Elbe-L?beck Canal is an canal in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It connects the Elbe and Trave rivers, hence constituting an accessway from the Elbe to the Baltic Sea....
connects the Trave with the Elbe

Elbe

The River Elbe is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It originates in the Krkonose Mountains of northwestern Czech Republic before traversing much of Germany and flowing into the North Sea....
River. Another important river near the town center is the Wakenitz

Wakenitz

The Wakenitz is a river in southeastern Schleswig-Holstein whose source is the Ratzeburger See in Ratzeburg. Its name is of Polabian language origin and means "Percidae river"....
. Autobahn 1

Bundesautobahn 1

is an autobahn in Germany. It runs from Heiligenhafen to Saarbr?cken, a distance of 730 km , but is incomplete between Cologne and Trier. continues north from Heiligenhafen to Puttgarden, at the end of the island of Fehmarn, with a ferry to R?dby, Denmark....
connects Lübeck with Hamburg

Hamburg

Hamburg is the second-largest city in Germany , and is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits. The city is home to approximately 1.8 million people, while the Hamburg metropolitan area has more than 4.3 million inhabitants....
and Denmark

Denmark

Denmark is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries....
(Vogelfluglinie

Vogelfluglinie

The ' or ' is a transport corridor between Copenhagen, Denmark, and Hamburg, Germany.Apart from the Danish and German name meaning Bee Line , the corridor is also an important bird migration route between arctic Scandinavia and Central Europe....
). The borough Travemünde

Travemünde

Travem?nde is a borough of L?beck, Germany, located at the mouth of river Trave in Bay of L?beck. Travem?nde arose out of a stronghold placed here by Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, in the 12th century to guard the mouth of the Trave, and the Denmark subsequently strengthened it....
is a sea resort and ferry port at the coast of the Baltic Sea

Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53?N to 66?N latitude and from 20?E to 26?E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Denmark islands....
.

History

The area around Lübeck was settled after the last Ice Age. Several Neolithic

Neolithic

The Neolithic period was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 Before the Christian Era in the Middle East that is traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age....
dolmen

Dolmen

File:paulnabrone.jpgFile:KilclooneyDolmen1986.jpgA dolmen is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of three or more megalith supporting a large flat horizontal capstone ....
s can be found in the area.

In addition, around 700 AD Slavic peoples started to come into the eastern parts of Holstein which had been left by many Germanic inhabitants

Germanic peoples

File:Germanische-ratsversammlung 1-1250x715.jpgThe Germanic peoples are a historical Ethnolinguistics group, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Indo-European languages Germanic languages which diversified out of Common Germanic in the course of the Pre-Roman Iron Age....
in the course of the Migration Period

Migration Period

The Migration Period, also called Barbarian Invasions or V?lkerwanderung , was a period of human migration which occurred within the period of roughly 300?700 Common Era in Europe, marking the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages....
. By the early 9th century Charlemagne

Charlemagne

Charlemagne was List of Frankish kings from 768 to his death. He expanded the Franks kingdoms into a Carolingian Empire that incorporated much of Western Europe and Central Europe....
, whose Christianisation attempts were opposed by Saxons

Saxons

The Saxons were a confederation of Germanic peoples. Their modern-day descendants in Saxony are considered ethnic Germans; those in the eastern Netherlands are considered to be ethnic Dutch people; those in north eastern Belgium are considered to be ethnic Flemish people; and those in southern England ethnic English people ....
, moved Saxons out and brought in Polabian Slavs

Polabian Slavs

Polabian Slavs is a collective term applied to a number of largely extinct West Slavs tribes who lived along the Elbe, between the Baltic Sea to the north, the Saale and Limes Saxonicus to the west, the Sudetes and Franconia to the south, and History of Poland to the east....
, who were allied to Charlemagne, in their stead. Liubice

Liubice

Liubice, also known by the German language name Alt-L?beck , was a medieval Polabian Slavs settlement near the site of modern L?beck, Germany....
("lovely") was founded on the Trave banks about four kilometres north of the present-day city centre of Lübeck. In the 10th century it became the most important settlement of the Obotrite confederacy

Obotrites

The Obotrites , also commonly known as the Obodrites, Abotrites, or Abodrites, were a confederation of medieval West Slavs tribes within the territory of modern Mecklenburg and Holstein in northern Germany ....
and a castle was built. The settlement was burned down in 1128 by pagan Rani

Rani (Slavic tribe)

File:Steinrelief Pfarrkirche Altenkirchen.jpgThe Rani or Rujani were a West Slavs tribe based on the island of Rugia and the southwestern mainland across the Strelasund in what is today northeastern Germany....
from Rügen

Rügen

R?gen or Rugia is Germany's largest island. It is located in the Baltic Sea off the coast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. R?gen makes up the vast part of the R?gen , which also includes the neighboring islands Hiddensee and Ummanz, as well as several small islands....
.

The modern town was founded by Adolf II

Adolf II of Holstein

Adolf II was the Count of Schauenburg and Holstein from 1130 until his death, though he was briefly out of Holstein from 1137 until 1142. He succeeded his father, Adolf I of Holstein under the regency of his mother, Hildewa....
, Count of Schauenburg and Holstein, in 1143 as a German settlement on the river island Bucu

Bucu

Bucu or Buku is a hill island surrounded by the Trave and Wakenitz Rivers in L?beck, Germany. It is also the name of a medieval Polabian Slavs castle, now ruined, on the island....
. He established a new castle which was first mentioned by Helmold

Helmold

Helmold of Bosau was a Saxons historian of the 12th century and a priest at Bosau near Pl?n. He was a friend of the two bishops of Oldenburg in Holstein, Vicelinus and Gerold , who did much to Christianize the Polabian Slavs....
in 1147. Adolf had to cede the castle to Henry the Lion

Henry the Lion

Henry the Lion was a member of the Guelph dynasty and Rulers of Saxony, as Henry III, from 1142, and List of rulers of Bavaria, as Henry XII, from 1156, which duchies he held until 1180....
in 1158. After Henry's fall in 1181, the town became an Imperial city for eight years. Emperor Barbarossa

Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick I Barbarossa was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt am Main on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March, crowned King of Italy in Pavia in 1154, and finally crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155....
gave the city a ruling council with twenty members that survived into the 19th century. This council was dominated by merchants and caused Lübeck's politics to be dominated by trade interests for centuries to come.

The town and castle changed ownership for a period afterwards and was part of the Duchy of Saxony

Duchy of Saxony

The medi?val Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian stem duchy" covering the greater part of Northern Germany. It covered the area of the modern German states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, and Saxony-Anhalt and most of Schleswig-Holstein....
until 1192, of the County of Holstein

Holstein

Holstein is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider River. It is part of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany.Holstein once existed as the County of Holstein , the later Duchy of Holstein , and was the northernmost territory of the Holy Roman Empire....
until 1217 and part of Denmark

Denmark

Denmark is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries....
until the Battle of Bornhöved

Battle of Bornhöved (1227)

The Battle of Bornh?ved took place on 22 July 1227 near Bornh?ved in Holstein. Count Adolf IV of Holstein of Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein - leading an army consisting of troops from the cities of L?beck and Hamburg, about 1000 Dithmarschen and combined troops of Holstein next to various north German nobles - defeated King Valdemar I...
in 1227.

Around 1200 the port became the main point of departure for colonists leaving for the Baltic territories conquered by the Livonian Order

Livonian Order

The Livonian Order was an autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1435–1561....
and, later, Teutonic Order. In 1226 Emperor Frederick II

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick II , of the House of Hohenstaufen dynasty, was an Kingdom of Italy pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215....
elevated the town to an Imperial Free City, becoming the Free City of Lübeck. In the 14th century Lübeck became the "Queen of the Hanseatic League

Hanseatic League

The Hanseatic League was an Military alliance of Trade cities and their guilds that established and maintained trade monopoly along the coast of Northern Europe, from the Baltic Sea to the North Sea and inland, during the Late Middle Ages and Early modern period ....
", being by far the largest and most powerful member of this mediaeval trade organization. In 1375, Emperor Charles IV.

Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles IV , born Wenceslaus , was the eleventh king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and Holy Roman Emperor.He was the eldest son and heir of John of Bohemia, who died on 26 August 1346, thus Charles inherited the Count of Luxembourg and the King of Bohemia....
named Lübeck one of the five "Glories of the Empire", a title shared with Venice

Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....
, Rome

Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
, Pisa

Pisa

Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa....
and Florence

Florence

Florence is the Capital city of the Italy Regions of Italy of Tuscany and of the provinces of Italy Province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany and has a population of 364,779 ....
. Several conflicts about trade privileges were fought by Lübeck and the Hanseatic League against Denmark and Norway with varying outcomes. While Lübeck and the Hanseatic League

Hanseatic League

The Hanseatic League was an Military alliance of Trade cities and their guilds that established and maintained trade monopoly along the coast of Northern Europe, from the Baltic Sea to the North Sea and inland, during the Late Middle Ages and Early modern period ....
prevailed in conflicts in 1435 and 1512, Lübeck lost when it became involved in the Count's Feud

Count's Feud

The Count's Feud , also called the Count's War, was a civil war that raged in Denmark in 1534–1536 and brought about the Reformation in Denmark....
, a civil war that raged in Denmark from 1534 to 1536. Lübeck also joined the Schmalkaldic League

Schmalkaldic League

The Schmalkaldic League was a defensive Military alliance of Lutheranism princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century. Although originally started for religious motives soon after the start of the Protestant Reformation, its members eventually intended for the League to replace the Holy Roman Empire as their source of po...
.

After defeat in the Count's Feud

Count's Feud

The Count's Feud , also called the Count's War, was a civil war that raged in Denmark in 1534–1536 and brought about the Reformation in Denmark....
, Lübeck's power slowly declined. Lübeck managed to remain neutral in the Thirty Years' War

Thirty Years' War

The Thirty Years' War was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in Germany and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe....
, but with the devastation caused by the decades-long war and the new transatlantic orientation of European trade, the Hanseatic League and thus Lübeck lost importance. After the Hanseatic League was de facto disbanded in 1669, Lübeck remained an important trading town on the Baltic Sea.

The great composer Dieterich Buxtehude

Dieterich Buxtehude

Dieterich Buxtehude was a German-Danish organist, lutenist and a highly regarded composer of the Baroque period. His organ works comprise a central part of the standard organ repertoire and are frequently performed at recitals and church services....
became organist at the Marienkirche in Lübeck in 1668 and remained at the post until at least 1703.

In course of the war of the Fourth Coalition against Napoleon

Napoleon I of France

Napoleon Bonaparte later known as Emperor Napoleon I, was a military and political leader of France whose actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century....
, troops under Bernadotte

Charles XIV John of Sweden

Charles XIV & III John , born Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, later renamed Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte was King of Sweden and King of Norway from 1818 until his death....
occupied the neutral Lübeck after a battle against Blücher

Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher

Gebhard Leberecht von Bl?cher, F?rst von Wahlstatt , Graf , later elevated to F?rst von Wahlstatt, was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall who led his army against Napoleon I at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 and at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 with Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington....
on November 6th, 1806. Under the Continental System

Continental System

The Continental System was the foreign policy of Napoleon I of France in his struggle against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland during the Napoleonic Wars....
, the bank went into bankruptcy and from 1811 to 1813 Lübeck was formally annexed as part of France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
until the Vienna Congress of 1815.

In 1937 the Nazis passed the so-called Greater Hamburg Act, where the nearby Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg was expanded, to encompass towns that had formally belonged to the Prussia

Prussia

Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This state had for centuries substantial influence on Germany and European history....
n province of Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein is the Northern Germany of the sixteen States of Germany of Germany. Its capital city is Kiel, other notable cities are L?beck and Flensburg....
. To compensate Prussia for these losses (and partly because Hitler had a personal dislike for Lübeck), the 711-year-long independence of Lübeck came to an end and almost all its territory was incorporated into Schleswig-Holstein.

During World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, Lübeck was the first German city to be attacked in substantial numbers by the Royal Air Force

Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force is the United Kingdom's air force, the oldest independent air force in the world. Formed on 1 April 1918, the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history ever since, playing a large part in World War II and in more recent conflicts....
. The attack on 28 March 1942 created a firestorm

Firestorm

A firestorm is a conflagration which attains such intensity that it creates and sustains its own wind system. It is most commonly a natural phenomenon, created during some of the largest bushfires, forest fires, and wildfires....
, that caused severe damage to the historic centre and the Bombing of Lübeck in World War II

Bombing of Lübeck in World War II

L?beck was bombed for the first time by the Royal Air Force on the night of 28 March/29 March 1942. It was the first major success for RAF Bomber Command against a German city....
destroyed three of the main churches and greater parts of the built-up area. A POW camp

Prisoner-of-war camp

A prisoner-of-war camp is a site for the containment of enemy combatants captured by the enemy in time of war, and is similar to an internment camp which is used for civilian populations....
for officers, Oflag X-C

Oflag X-C

Oflag X-C was a World War II Germany prisoner-of-war camp for Officer s located near L?beck in northern Germany....
, was located near the city from 1940 until April 1945. Lübeck was occupied without resistance by the Second Army on May 2 1945.
On May 3 1945, one of the biggest disasters in naval history happened in the Bay of Lübeck

Bay of Lübeck

The Bay of L?beck is a basin in the southwestern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Germany lands of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. It forms the southwestern part of the Bay of Mecklenburg....
when RAF bombers sank three ships

SS Cap Arcona

The Cap Arcona was a large German ocean liner, formerly of the Hamburg Sud. It was sunk in 1945, with the loss of many lives while laden with prisoners from concentration camps....
which, unknown to them, were packed with concentration-camp inmates. About 7,000 people were killed.

Lübeck's population grew considerably from about 150,000 in 1939 to more than 220,000 after the war, owing to an influx of refugees expelled from the former Eastern provinces

Historical Eastern Germany

The former eastern territories of Germany describes collectively those provinces or regions east of the Oder-Neisse line, which were International recognition as the territory of Germany after the formation of the German Empire in 1871, and were lost by Germany during and after the World War....
of Germany.

Lübeck remained part of Schleswig-Holstein after the war and was situated directly at the inner German border during the division of Germany into two rival states in the Cold War

Cold War

The Cold War was the continuing state of conflict, tension and competition that existed between a number of world powers, including the United States, the Soviet Union, People's Republic of China, France, United Kingdom and those countries' respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s....
period. South of the city the border followed the path of the river Wakenitz that separated both countries by less than 10 m in many parts. The northernmost border crossing was in Lübeck's district of Schlutup.

Lübeck's restored historic city centre became a UNESCO

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on 16 November 1945....
World Heritage Site

World Heritage Site

A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site that is on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 Sovereign state which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term....
in 1987.

Main sights

Buildings

|- |

|- ||- ||}

Much of the old town has kept a medieval

Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
look with old buildings and narrow streets. The town once could only be entered by passing one of four town gates, of which two remain today, the well-known Holstentor

Holstentor

The Holstentor is a late Brick Gothic city gate, the only still existing one beside the Burgtor and part of the medieval fortifications of L?beck in Germany....
(1478) and the Burgtor

Burgtor

The Burgtor, built 1444 in late Gothic architecture style, was the northern city gate of Hanseatic League L?beck, now in Germany. It is one of two towered gates remaining from the medieval fortifications, the other being the more famous Holstentor....
(1444).

The old town centre is dominated by seven church steeples. The oldest ones are the Lübecker Dom

Lübeck Cathedral

The L?beck Cathedral is a large brick Evangelical Church in Germany cathedral in L?beck, Germany and part of L?beck's world heritage. It was started in 1173 by Henry the Lion as a cathedral for the Bishop of L?beck....
(the city's cathedral) and the Marienkirche (Saint Mary's), both from the 13th and 14th centuries.

Other sights include:

the Lübecker Rathaus (Town Hall).
Saint Catherine Church, Lübeck, a church that belonged to a former monastery, now the Katharineum
Katharineum

The Katharineum zu L?beck is a Humanism gymnasium founded 1531 in the Hanseatic city L?beck, Germany. In 2006 the 475th anniversary of this Lateinschule was celebrated with several events....
, a Latin school
Latin School

Latin School may refer to:* Boston Latin School* Latin School of Chicago* Latin school...
.
Thomas Mann
Thomas Mann

Paul Thomas Mann was a German literature, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize for Literature, known for his series of highly symbolic and irony epic novels and novellas, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual....
's house.
Günter Grass
Günter Grass

G?nter Wilhelm Grass is a Nobel Prize in Literature-winning Germany author and playwright.He was born in the Free City of Danzig . Since 1945, he has lived in West Germany , but in his fiction he frequently returns to the Danzig of his childhood....
' house.
Church of St. Lawrence, located on the site of a cemetery of people dead during the 16th century plague.
Church of St. Jacob (Lübecker Jakobikirche, 1334).
the Salzspeicher
Salzspeicher

The Salzspeicher of L?beck, Germany, are six historic brick buildings on the Upper Trave River next to the Holstentor .Built in the 16th?18th centuries, the houses stored salt that was mined near L?neburg and brought to L?beck over the Elbe-L?beck Canal....
, historic warehouses where salt delivered from Lüneburg
Lüneburg

L?neburg, also known as Lueneburg and Lunenburg in English language, is a city in the Germany Bundesland of Lower Saxony. The city is located about 45 km — a thirty-minute train ride — southeast of fellow Hanseatic League city Hamburg....
awaited shipment to Baltic ports.

Museums

Lübeck has many smaller museums like the St. Annen Museum

St. Annen Museum

The monastery of Saint Annen in L?beck-Germany is a former monastery of the Augustinians. It is now part of the L?beck's museum for history of art and culture....
, the Behnhaus

Behnhaus

The Behnhaus is an art museum in the Hanseatic League of L?beck, Germany, and part of its World heritage site.The Behnhaus as a structure is a Neoclassicism building with interior design by the Denmark architect Joseph Christian Lillie....
and the Holstentor

Holstentor

The Holstentor is a late Brick Gothic city gate, the only still existing one beside the Burgtor and part of the medieval fortifications of L?beck in Germany....
. Lübeck Museum of Theatre Puppets

Lübeck Museum of Theatre Puppets

The L?beck Museum of Theatre Puppets is a museum of international puppetry in the Hanseatic League city of L?beck, Germany....
is a privately run museum. Waterside attractions are a lightvessel

Lightvessel

A lightvessel, or lightship, is a ship which acts as a lighthouse. They are used in waters that are too deep or otherwise unsuitable for lighthouse construction....
that served Fehmarnbelt and Lisa von Lübeck

Lisa von Lübeck

Lisa von L?beck is the reconstruction of a 15th century caravel with homeport L?beck, Germany.The reconstruction of this historic sailship as used by the Hanseatic League started 1999 as a social project in L?becks harbour....
, a reconstruction of a Hanseatic 15th century caravel

Caravel

This article is about the Caravel boat type. For the carvel type of boat building, see Carvel .A caravel is a small, highly maneuverable, two- or three-mast lateen-rigging ship, created by the Portugal and used also by them and by the Spain for long voyages of exploration from the 15th century....
.

Miscellaneous

Lübeck is very famous for its excellent marzipan

Marzipan

Marzipan is a confectionery consisting primarily of sugar and almond meal.It derives its characteristic flavor from bitter almonds, which constitute 4% to 6% of the total almond content by weight....
industry, and according to local legend, Marzipan was first made in Lübeck possibly in response to either a military siege of the city, or a famine year. The story, perhaps apocryphal, is that the town ran out of all foods except stored almonds and sugar, and used these to make loaves of marzipan "bread". Others believe that marzipan was actually invented in Persia

Iran

Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
a few hundred years before Lübeck claims to have invented it. The best known producer is Niederegger

Niederegger

J.G. Niederegger GmbH & Co. KG is a worldwide acknowledged producer of marzipan and sweets based in L?beck, Germany.Niederegger was founded by Johann Georg Niederegger on 1 March 1806 in L?beck and is since famous for their marzipan for about 200 years....
, which tourists often visit while in Lübeck, especially during Christmas time.

Like many other places in Germany, Lübeck has a long tradition with Christmas market in December, which includes the famous handicrafts market inside the Heiligen-Geist-Hospital (Hospital of the Holy Spirit), located at the north end of Königstrasse.

The Lübeck wine trade dates back to Hanseatic times. One Lübeck specialty is Rotspon, wine made from grapes processed and fermented in France and transported in wooden barrels to Lübeck, where it is stored, aged and bottled.

Lübeck's only newspaper is Lübecker Nachrichten

Lübecker Nachrichten

The L?becker Nachrichten is a regional daily newspaper in Germany, covering Schleswig-Holstein and western Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is, along with the Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag and the Kieler Nachrichten, one of the largest daily newspapers in Schleswig-Holstein....
.

The industrial Lübeck-Herrenwyk

Lübeck-Herrenwyk

Herrenwyk is a part of L?beck.Herrenwyk is a part of L?beck dominated by industrial facilities. Until the beginning of the nineties Herrenwyk was the location of a big metallurgical plant....
area, houses the static inverter plant

Static inverter plant

A static inverter station is the terminal equipment for a HVDC transmission line, in which direct current is converted to three-phase alternating current, and, usually, the reverse....
of the HVDC Baltic-Cable.

Lubec, Maine

Maine

The State of Maine is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, New Hampshire to the southwest, the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast....
, the easternmost town in the United States

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, is named for Lübeck.

Education

Lübeck has three universities, Lübeck University of Applied Sciences

Fachhochschule Lübeck

The Fachhochschule L?beck is a university in the city of L?beck in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The name of the institution translates as "L?beck University of Applied Sciences" in English, but in conversations and prose it is generally called by its German name or by the acronym of the German name, FHL....
, University of Lübeck

University of Lübeck

The University of L?beck is located in L?beck, Germany.L?beck university was founded late in 1964 as a medical academy and faculty of the University of Kiel....
and Musikhochschule Lübeck

Musikhochschule Lübeck

The Musikhochschule L?beck in L?beck, Germany, is the only College or university school of music in the northern most state Schleswig-Holstein....
. The is a central facility of the University and is founded by the . The International School of New Media

International School of New Media

'International School of New Media' in L?beck, Germany was an international, affiliated private institute at the University of L?beck. ISNM offered a graduate program conducted entirely in English leading to an award of a M.Sc....
is an affiliated institute at the University.

Notable people from Lübeck

Hans Blumenberg
Hans Blumenberg

Hans Blumenberg was a german Philosopher.He studied philosophy, German studies and classics and is considered to be one of the most important German philosophers of recent decades....
– philosopher
Willy Brandt
Willy Brandt

Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm , was a Germany politician, Chancellor of Germany of West Germany 1969–1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany 1964–1987....
– chancellor
Ephraim Carlebach
Ephraim Carlebach

Ephraim Carlebach , was a Germany-born Orthodox Judaism rabbi.Carlebach belonged to a well known German rabbi family. His father Salomon Carlebach was rabbi in L?beck....
– rabbi
Felix Carlebach
Felix Carlebach

Felix Falk Carlebach was a German-born British Rabbi in Manchester, England.He was an honorary citizen of the city of L?beck and had both German and British citizenship....
– rabbi
Joseph Carlebach
Joseph Carlebach

Dr. Joseph Hirsch Carlebach Carlebach was the eighth child of Esther Adler , the daughter of the former rabbi of L?beck, Rabbi Alexander Sussmann Adler , and L?beck's then Rabbi Salomon Carlebach ....
– rabbi
Björn Engholm
Björn Engholm

Bj?rn Engholm is a L?beck born Germany Social Democratic Party of Germany politician. He was Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein, 1988-1993 and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, 1991-1993....
– politician
Christian Friedrich Heinecken
Christian Friedrich Heinecken

Christian Friedrich Heinecken also known as "the Infant of L?beck," is a legendary German people child prodigy. In some versions he is reputed to have spoken within hours of his birth....
– child prodigy
Godfrey Kneller
Godfrey Kneller

Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1st Baronet was the leading portrait painter in England during the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and was court painter to British monarchs from Charles II of England to George I of the United Kingdom....
– painter
Heinrich Mann
Heinrich Mann

Luiz Heinrich Mann was a Germany novelist who wrote works with social themes whose attacks on the authoritarian and increasingly militaristic nature of post-Weimar German society led to his exile in 1933....
– novelist
Thomas Mann
Thomas Mann

Paul Thomas Mann was a German literature, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize for Literature, known for his series of highly symbolic and irony epic novels and novellas, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual....
– novelist
Michael Stadtlander – chef
Sandra Völker
Sandra Völker

Sandra V?lker is a freestyle swimming and backstroke swimmer from Germany, who won a total number of three medals at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia....
– swimmer

Parts

The city of Lübeck is divided into 10 zones. These again are arranged into altogether 35 urban districts. The 10 zones with their official numbers, their associated urban districts and the numbers of inhabitants of the quarters:

01 City center (~ 12,000 Inhabitants)
02 St. Jürgen (~ 40,000 Inhabitants)

Hüxtertor / Mühlentor / Gärtnergasse, Strecknitz / Rothebek, Blankensee, Wulfsdorf, Beidendorf, Krummesse, Kronsforde, Niederbüssau, Vorrade, Schiereichenkoppel, Oberbüssau

03 Moisling (~ 10,000 Inhabitants)

Niendorf / Moorgarten, Reecke, Old-Moisling / Genin

04 Buntekuh (~ 10,000 Inhabitants)
05 St. Lorenz-South (~ 12,000 Inhabitants)
06 St. Lorenz-North (~ 40,000 Inhabitants)

Holstentor-North, Falkenfeld / Vorwerk / Teerhof, Großsteinrade / Schönböcken, Dornbreite / Krempelsdorf

07 St. Gertrud (~ 40,000 Inhabitants)

Burgtor / Stadtpark, Marli / Brandenbaum, Eichholz, Karlshof / Israelsdorf / Gothmund

08 Schlutup (~ 6,000 Inhabitants)
09 Kücknitz (~ 20,000 Inhabitants)

Dänischburg / Siems / Rangenberg / Wallberg, Herrenwyk
Lübeck-Herrenwyk

Herrenwyk is a part of L?beck.Herrenwyk is a part of L?beck dominated by industrial facilities. Until the beginning of the nineties Herrenwyk was the location of a big metallurgical plant....
, Alt-Kücknitz / Dummersdorf / Roter Hahn, Poeppendorf

10 Travemünde (~ 15,000 Inhabitants)

Ivendorf, Alt-Travemünde / Rönnau, Priwall, Teutendorf, Brodten

Twin Towns - Sister Cities

Lübeck is twinned

Town twinning

Town twinning, also known as sister cities, is a concept whereby towns or city in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired, with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links between their inhabitants....
with:

Kotka

Kotka is a cities of Finland and municipalities of Finland of Finland.It is located in the provinces of Finland of Southern Finland and is part of the Kymenlaakso regions of Finland....
in Finland

Finland

Finland , officially the Republic of Finland , is a Nordic countries situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland....
(since 1969)

Venice

Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
(since 1979 - friendship treaty)

Wismar

Wismar is a small port and Hanseatic League town in northern Germany on the Baltic Sea, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,about 45 km due east of L?beck, and 30 km due north of Schwerin....
in Germany

Germany

La Rochelle

La Rochelle is a city in western France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of the Charente-Maritime Departments of France....
in France

France

Klaipeda

Klaipeda is a city in Lithuania situated at the mouth of the Curonian Lagoon where it flows into the Baltic Sea. As Lithuania's only seaport, it has ferry terminal connections to Sweden and Germany....
in Lithuania

Lithuania

Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest....
(since 1990)

Kawasaki, Kanagawa

is a cities of Japan located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, between 23 special wards and Yokohama. It is the 8th most populated city in Japan and one of the main cities forming the Greater Tokyo Area and Keihin Industrial Area....
in Japan

Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
(since 1992 - friendship treaty)

Bergen

Bergen is the second largest city in Norway, with a population of 252 051 as of January 1st, 2009. Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland county....
in Norway

Norway

Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula....
(since 1996 - friendship treaty)

Visby

Visby is the only city status in Sweden on the Sweden island of Gotland; it is arguably the best-preserved medieval city in Scandinavia and has been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site....
in Sweden

Sweden

Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
(since 1999)

Spokane, Washington

Spokane is a city located in the Northwestern United States in the state of Washington. Spokane is the largest city and county seat of Spokane County, as well as the metropolitan center of the Inland Northwest region....
in United States

United States

LÃ¼beck

History

Main sights

Buildings

Museums

Miscellaneous

Education

Notable people from Lübeck

Parts

Twin Towns - Sister Cities

See also

External links