Kuva-i Inzibatiye
Encyclopedia
The Kuvâ-i İnzibâtiyye (Ottoman Turkish
: قوا انضباطيّه, literally "Forces of Order"; , or "Caliphate Army") was an army established on 18 April 1920 by the imperial government
of the Ottoman Empire
in order to fight against the Turkish National Movement
in the aftermath of World War I
. It was commanded by Süleyman Şefik Pasha
.
so as to enforce British policy in the region and stabilize the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. Supported by the British, Sultan began a propaganda war throughout the country. Relayed by Hoxha and priests, he urged the Turks to take up arms against the nationalists of General Kemal, presented as the enemies of God.
The nationalists are rapidly lost speed, and defenders of Sultan is perilously close to Ankara. Soldiers nationalists who were scheduled to resume the town of Hendek supporters of the sultan, fraternisent with them. A few days later, a division is exterminated by the army of Caliph. The army had captured a dozen major Turkish cities. Of desertions took place among the troops most loyal to Mustafa Kemal. Then follows a mutiny in a nationalist militia which passes under the control of the sultan. For its part the General Kazım Karabekir had trouble holding his army.
With the government militias, Mustafa Kemal folds with his bodyguards in buildings of a former agricultural school, he lives in a state of permanent alert, to protect officers of the Sultan wanting to assassinate him. But following the signing of the Treaty of Sevres which enshrines the skin of the Empire, the soldiers of the army of Caliph decide the fighting has stopped. With the signing of this treaty, the Sultan lost his influence with the Turks who now support the nationalists. Mustafa Kemal immediately is a government of Public Hi, and instructs generals to organize national defense. The army of Caliph disintegrates itself, in some units, heads are slaughtered by their own men who feel have been betrayed. After one week the army of Caliph has virtually disappeared, except Ismit where she serves as a cover the British garrison.
Ottoman Turkish language
The Ottoman Turkish language or Ottoman language is the variety of the Turkish language that was used for administrative and literary purposes in the Ottoman Empire. It borrows extensively from Arabic and Persian, and was written in a variant of the Perso-Arabic script...
: قوا انضباطيّه, literally "Forces of Order"; , or "Caliphate Army") was an army established on 18 April 1920 by the imperial government
Imperial Government of the Ottoman Empire
The Imperial Government of the Ottoman Empire was the government structure added to the Ottoman governing structure during the Second Constitutional Era. The Committee of Union and Progress was in power between 1908 and 1918...
of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
in order to fight against the Turkish National Movement
Turkish National Movement
The Turkish National Movement encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries which resulted in the creation and shaping of the Republic of Turkey, as a consequence of the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I....
in the aftermath of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. It was commanded by Süleyman Şefik Pasha
Süleyman Sefik Pasha
Süleyman Şefik Pasha was the commander of Kuvâ-i İnzibâtiyye , which was an army established on 18 April 1920 by the imperial government of the Ottoman Empire in order to fight against the Turkish National Movement in the aftermath of World War I.The Kuvâ-i İnzibâtiyye was supported by the...
.
Establishment
Sensing the situation to escape, Sultan gives his minister of war, Şevket Süleyman Pasha, the establishment of an irregular force to exterminate the nationalists. Realizing it could no longer count on the title sultan policy to influence the Turks, he considers it necessary to use the title of spiritual and timeless Caliph. It therefore does not nationalists as the enemies of its policy or the sultanate, but as the enemies of God, against whom he should fight. The Kuvâ-i İnzibâtiyye was supported by the BritishBritish Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the...
so as to enforce British policy in the region and stabilize the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. Supported by the British, Sultan began a propaganda war throughout the country. Relayed by Hoxha and priests, he urged the Turks to take up arms against the nationalists of General Kemal, presented as the enemies of God.
Conflicts
A civil war broke out between the then Army led by Caliph Chevket Soliman Pasha and the Turkish nationalists led by General Mustafa Kemal. Across the country, farmers will raise against nationalists, supporters of Mustafa Kemal trying hard to suppress the insurgents, but they are a little more every day in the minority. In Konya, insurgents pull nails and écartèlent officers sent by Mustafa Kemal in the city. The answer is immediate nationalists, they maim all the notables of the city, and the facts hang over the market place.The nationalists are rapidly lost speed, and defenders of Sultan is perilously close to Ankara. Soldiers nationalists who were scheduled to resume the town of Hendek supporters of the sultan, fraternisent with them. A few days later, a division is exterminated by the army of Caliph. The army had captured a dozen major Turkish cities. Of desertions took place among the troops most loyal to Mustafa Kemal. Then follows a mutiny in a nationalist militia which passes under the control of the sultan. For its part the General Kazım Karabekir had trouble holding his army.
With the government militias, Mustafa Kemal folds with his bodyguards in buildings of a former agricultural school, he lives in a state of permanent alert, to protect officers of the Sultan wanting to assassinate him. But following the signing of the Treaty of Sevres which enshrines the skin of the Empire, the soldiers of the army of Caliph decide the fighting has stopped. With the signing of this treaty, the Sultan lost his influence with the Turks who now support the nationalists. Mustafa Kemal immediately is a government of Public Hi, and instructs generals to organize national defense. The army of Caliph disintegrates itself, in some units, heads are slaughtered by their own men who feel have been betrayed. After one week the army of Caliph has virtually disappeared, except Ismit where she serves as a cover the British garrison.