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Kumyks (Kumyk
Kumyk language

Kumyk is a Turkic languages, spoken by about 365,000 speakers in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.Yir?i Qazaq is usually considered to be a founder of Kumyk literature....
: ??????????, qumuqlar, Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
: ??????) are a Turkic people occupying the Kumyk plateau in north Dagestan
Dagestan

The Republic of Dagestan , older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subjects of Russia of the Russia ....
 and south Terek
Terek

The Terek River is a major river in the Northern Caucasus, flowing through Georgia and Russia into the Caspian Sea. It rises in Georgia near the juncture of the Caucasus Mountains and the Khokh Range, to the southwest of Mount Kazbek, then flows north through North Ossetia and the city of Vladikavkaz....
, and the lands bordering the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the List of lakes by area or a full-fledged sea. It has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers ....
. They comprise 14% of the population of the Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n republic of Dagestan. They speak the Kumyk language
Kumyk language

Kumyk is a Turkic languages, spoken by about 365,000 speakers in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.Yir?i Qazaq is usually considered to be a founder of Kumyk literature....
. Kumyks practice folk Islam, with some religious rituals that trace back to pre-Islamic times.

It is supposed that Ptolemy
Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemaeus , known in English as Ptolemy , was a Roman Greek mathematics, Greek astronomy, geographer and astrologer. He lived in History of Roman Egypt, and was probably born there in a town in the Thebaid called Ptolemais Hermiou; he died in Alexandria around 168 AD....
 knew them under the name of Kami and Kamaks.






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Kumyks (Kumyk
Kumyk language

Kumyk is a Turkic languages, spoken by about 365,000 speakers in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.Yir?i Qazaq is usually considered to be a founder of Kumyk literature....
: ??????????, qumuqlar, Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
: ??????) are a Turkic people occupying the Kumyk plateau in north Dagestan
Dagestan

The Republic of Dagestan , older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subjects of Russia of the Russia ....
 and south Terek
Terek

The Terek River is a major river in the Northern Caucasus, flowing through Georgia and Russia into the Caspian Sea. It rises in Georgia near the juncture of the Caucasus Mountains and the Khokh Range, to the southwest of Mount Kazbek, then flows north through North Ossetia and the city of Vladikavkaz....
, and the lands bordering the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the List of lakes by area or a full-fledged sea. It has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers ....
. They comprise 14% of the population of the Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n republic of Dagestan. They speak the Kumyk language
Kumyk language

Kumyk is a Turkic languages, spoken by about 365,000 speakers in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.Yir?i Qazaq is usually considered to be a founder of Kumyk literature....
. Kumyks practice folk Islam, with some religious rituals that trace back to pre-Islamic times.

It is supposed that Ptolemy
Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemaeus , known in English as Ptolemy , was a Roman Greek mathematics, Greek astronomy, geographer and astrologer. He lived in History of Roman Egypt, and was probably born there in a town in the Thebaid called Ptolemais Hermiou; he died in Alexandria around 168 AD....
 knew them under the name of Kami and Kamaks. Various explorers see in them descendants of the Khazars
Khazars

The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who dominated the Pontic steppe and the North Caucasus from the 7th to the 10th century CE. The name 'Khazar' seems to be tied to a Turkic languages verb form meaning "wandering"....
. A. Vambry supposes that they settled in their present quarters during the flourishing period of the Khazar kingdom in the 8th century.

During the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries CE the Kumyks had an independent kingdom, based at Tarki
Tarki

Tarki or Targhu is an urban-type settlement in the Dagestan, Russia, situated approximately six kilometers from the republic's capital, Makhachkala, on the Tarkitau Mountain....
, and ruled by a leader called the Shamkhal.

The Russians
Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
 built forts in their territory in 1559 and under Peter I
Peter I of Russia

Peter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V of Russia....
. Having long been more civilized than the surrounding Caucasian mountaineers, the Kumyks have always enjoyed some respect among them. The upper terraces of the Kumyk plateau, which the Kumyks occupy, leaving its lower parts to the Nogais
Nogais

The Nogai people are a Turkic peoples ethnic group in northern Dagestan and neighbouring areas of Chechnya and Stavropol Krai, who speak the Turkic languages Nogai language....
, are very fertile.

In recent years Kumyk nationalists such as Salau Aliev have agitated for Kumyk dominance within Daghestan, citing Khazar history as their inspiration.

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