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The Kumaoni are a people of the Kumaon
Kumaon

Kumaon may refer to:* Kumaon division* Nainital district* Kumaon Regiment* Kumaun...
 Division of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand , is a States and territories of India located in the northern part of India. It was carved out of Himalayan and adjoining districts of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000, becoming the 27th States and territories of India of the Republic of India ....
, a region in the Indian Himalayas
Himalayas

The Himalaya Range or Himalayas for short , meaning "abode of snow" ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau....
. Their Kumaoni language forms the Central subgroup of the Pahari languages
Pahari languages

The Pahari languages, also known as Northern Zone languages, are a group of related Indo-Aryan languages or dialects spoken in the lower ranges of the Himalayas from Nepal in the east to the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh in the west....
.

Kumaoni is one of the 325 recognized Indian languages , and is spoken by over 2,360,000 (1998) people of India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
n states of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand , is a States and territories of India located in the northern part of India. It was carved out of Himalayan and adjoining districts of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000, becoming the 27th States and territories of India of the Republic of India ....
 - Almora, Nainital, Pithoragarh
Pithoragarh

Pithoragarh, is a city with a Municipal Board in the Pithoragarh district in the Indian States and territories of India of Uttarakhand, was carved out of district of Almora in 1962....
, Bageshwar, Champawat, Rudrapur (Udhamsingh Nagar) districts; Assam
Assam

Assam ) is a North-East India state of India with its capital at Dispur, in the outskirts of the city Guwahati. Located south of the eastern Himalayas, Assam comprises the Brahmaputra and the Barak River river valleys and the Karbi Anglong District and the North Cachar Hills with an area of 30,285 square miles ....
; Bihar
Bihar

Bihar is a States and territories of India in East India. Bihar is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size 38,202 square mile and 3rd largest by population....
; Delhi
Delhi

Delhi , sometimes referred to as Dilli , is the List of most populous cities in India metropolis in India and, with over 11 million residents, the List of metropolitan areas by population....
; Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a States and territories of India in central India. Its capital is Bhopal. Madhya Pradesh was originally the largest state in India until November 1, 2000 when the state of Chhattisgarh was carved out....
; Maharashtra
Maharashtra

Maharashtra is a States and territories of India located on the western coast of India. Maharashtra is a part of Western India. It is India's List of states of India by area and List of states of India by population....
 and Punjab
Punjab (India)

Punjab is a States and territories of India in northwest India. The Indian state borders the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west, Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, Chandigarh to the southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest....
, besides being spoken in some regions of Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh is a state in the Punjab region in north-west India. Himachal Pradesh is spread over 21,629 square mile , and is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on north, Punjab on west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on south, Uttarakhand on south-east and by Tibet on the east....
 and Nepal .

Amongst its dialects, the Central Kumauni is spoken in Almora and northern Nainital, Northeastern Kumauni is in Pithoragarh, Southeastern Kumauni is in Southeastern Nainital, Western Kumauni is west of Almora and Nainital .

st all people who can speak and understand Kumaoni can speak and understand Hindi also.






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The Kumaoni are a people of the Kumaon
Kumaon

Kumaon may refer to:* Kumaon division* Nainital district* Kumaon Regiment* Kumaun...
 Division of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand , is a States and territories of India located in the northern part of India. It was carved out of Himalayan and adjoining districts of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000, becoming the 27th States and territories of India of the Republic of India ....
, a region in the Indian Himalayas
Himalayas

The Himalaya Range or Himalayas for short , meaning "abode of snow" ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau....
. Their Kumaoni language forms the Central subgroup of the Pahari languages
Pahari languages

The Pahari languages, also known as Northern Zone languages, are a group of related Indo-Aryan languages or dialects spoken in the lower ranges of the Himalayas from Nepal in the east to the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh in the west....
.

Kumaoni is one of the 325 recognized Indian languages , and is spoken by over 2,360,000 (1998) people of India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
n states of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand , is a States and territories of India located in the northern part of India. It was carved out of Himalayan and adjoining districts of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000, becoming the 27th States and territories of India of the Republic of India ....
 - Almora, Nainital, Pithoragarh
Pithoragarh

Pithoragarh, is a city with a Municipal Board in the Pithoragarh district in the Indian States and territories of India of Uttarakhand, was carved out of district of Almora in 1962....
, Bageshwar, Champawat, Rudrapur (Udhamsingh Nagar) districts; Assam
Assam

Assam ) is a North-East India state of India with its capital at Dispur, in the outskirts of the city Guwahati. Located south of the eastern Himalayas, Assam comprises the Brahmaputra and the Barak River river valleys and the Karbi Anglong District and the North Cachar Hills with an area of 30,285 square miles ....
; Bihar
Bihar

Bihar is a States and territories of India in East India. Bihar is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size 38,202 square mile and 3rd largest by population....
; Delhi
Delhi

Delhi , sometimes referred to as Dilli , is the List of most populous cities in India metropolis in India and, with over 11 million residents, the List of metropolitan areas by population....
; Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a States and territories of India in central India. Its capital is Bhopal. Madhya Pradesh was originally the largest state in India until November 1, 2000 when the state of Chhattisgarh was carved out....
; Maharashtra
Maharashtra

Maharashtra is a States and territories of India located on the western coast of India. Maharashtra is a part of Western India. It is India's List of states of India by area and List of states of India by population....
 and Punjab
Punjab (India)

Punjab is a States and territories of India in northwest India. The Indian state borders the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west, Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, Chandigarh to the southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest....
, besides being spoken in some regions of Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh is a state in the Punjab region in north-west India. Himachal Pradesh is spread over 21,629 square mile , and is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on north, Punjab on west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on south, Uttarakhand on south-east and by Tibet on the east....
 and Nepal .

Amongst its dialects, the Central Kumauni is spoken in Almora and northern Nainital, Northeastern Kumauni is in Pithoragarh, Southeastern Kumauni is in Southeastern Nainital, Western Kumauni is west of Almora and Nainital .

Dialects of Kumaon region

Almost all people who can speak and understand Kumaoni can speak and understand Hindi also. This is one of the dialects which is shrinking very rapidly and becoming out of fashion. Most of the educated people who live in cities hardly speak Kumaoni and in most cases parents still speak and understand Garhwali but their children cannot. In many cases children can understand it well but can not speak it. A very common scenario in Kumaon is that a person from older generation communicates to a young fellow from two generations younger in Kumaoni and he or she gets reply in Hindi. Middle generation communicates in both Kumaoni and Hindi. Although it is easy to write Kumaoni in Hindi (Devnagri) script, there is not much literature available in Kumaoni and whatever is available is not popular.

In all, there are 20 dialects spoken in the Kumaon
Kumaon

Kumaon may refer to:* Kumaon division* Nainital district* Kumaon Regiment* Kumaun...
 region, including, Johari, Majh Kumaiya, Danpuriya, Askoti, Sirali, Soryali, Chaugarkhyali, Kumaiya, Gangola, Khasparjia, Phaldakoti, Pachhai, and Rauchaubhaisi .

Dialects of Kumaoni Language

  • Central Kumaoni
  • North-Eastern Kumaoni
  • South-Eastern Kumaoni
  • Western Kumaoni
  • Askoti
    Askot

    Askot or Askote is a small Himalayan town in Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand in India. It is the part of Kanalichhina development Block and Didihat Tehsil....
  • Bhabhri of Rampur
  • Chaugarkhiyali
  • Danpuriya
  • Gangola
  • Johari
  • Khasparjiya
  • Kumaiya
  • Pachhai
  • Pashchimi
  • Phaldakotiya
  • Rhau-Chaubhaisi
  • Sirali
  • Soriyali
  • Baitada
  • Dotiyali
    Doti

    Farwestern region of Nepal is also known as Doti or Doti region. The Name Dotigarh has been used in the Jagar . This region is situated between River Kali boarding to the Uttarakhand in the west and and Karnali river on the east....


Kumaoni literature

Kumaoni language has had few note worthy writers, prominent among them are
  • Shailesh Matiyani
    Shailesh Matiyani

    Ramesh Singh Matiyani 'Shailesh, popularly known as Shailesh Matiyani , is a Hindi writer, poet, essayist from Uttarakhand.He became most known for his short stories, depicting the struggles and the fighting spirit of the Indian lower and lower-middle class, which he embodied himself and expressed through his writings all through h...
     (1931-2001)
  • Mohan Upreti
    Mohan Upreti

    Mohan Upreti was an Indian theatre director, playwright and a music composer, considered one of the pioneers in Indian theatre music .A popular figure in Kumaon , Mohan Upreti is remembered for his immense contribution towards the revival and revitalization of the Kumaoni folk music; and for his efforts towards preserving old Kumaoni balla...
     (1925-1997)
  • Himanshu Joshi


Kumaoni in Media


Films

  • 'Megha Aa', (First Kumaoni Film) . Director Kaka Sharma, Produced S S Bisht, 1987
  • 'Teri Saun', (First film both in Kumaoni and Garhwali) , written, produced, and directed by Anuj Joshi , 2003.
  • 'Aapun Biraan' (Apne Paraye) by Shri Kartikey Cine Productions. Produced By Bhaskar Singh Rawat. 2007. Cell No. -> 9412044393.
  • 'Madhuli' by Anamika Film, 2008 .


Theatre

Kumaoni theatre which developed through its 'Ramleela' plays, later evolved into a modern theatre form with the efforts of theatre stalwarts like Mohan Upreti
Mohan Upreti

Mohan Upreti was an Indian theatre director, playwright and a music composer, considered one of the pioneers in Indian theatre music .A popular figure in Kumaon , Mohan Upreti is remembered for his immense contribution towards the revival and revitalization of the Kumaoni folk music; and for his efforts towards preserving old Kumaoni balla...
 and Dinesh Pandey, and groups like 'Parvatiya Kala Kendra' (started by Mohan Upreti) and 'Parvatiya Lok Kala Manch'.

Radio

  • Trans World Radio (USA) - 7320 Hz (Shortwave)


Further reading

  • Devidatta Sarma; Linguistic geography of Kumaun Himalayas: A descriptive areal distribution of Kumauni language (Studies in Tibeto-Himalayan languages). Mittal Publications; 1994. ISBN 8170995299.
  • Devidatta Sarma; The formation of Kumauni language (SILL : series in Indian languages and linguistics). Bahri Publications; 1985. ISBN 8170340055.


See also

  • Garhwali
    Garhwali

    The Garhwali are a people of the hilly Garhwal Division of Uttarakhand, India. The Garhwali language belongs to the Pahari languages subgroup of Indo-Aryan languages....


External links