Kullaberg

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Kullaberg

Kullaberg is a nature reserve

Nature reserve

A nature reserve is a protected area of importance for wildlife, flora , fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for Conservation ethic and to provide special opportunities for study or research....
situated on a peninsula

Peninsula

A peninsula is a piece of Landform that is nearly surrounded by water but connected to mainland via an isthmus. Word origin: Latin paeninsula : paene, almost + insula, island....
of land protruding into the Kattegat

Kattegat

The Kattegat , or Kattegatt is a sea area bounded by Jutland , and Scania, Halland and Bohusl?n . The Baltic Sea drains into the Kattegat through the Oresund and the Danish Straits....
in Höganäs Municipality

Höganäs Municipality

H?gan?s Municipality is one of 290 municipalities of Sweden, in Sk?ne County in the southern part of the country. Its seat is located in the city of H?gan?s....
near the town of Mölle

Mölle

M?lle is a small coastal Urban areas in Sweden in H?gan?s Municipality, Sk?ne County southwestern Sweden.The town, population 725 , is best known for its scenic harbour and its location adjacent to the Kullaberg Nature Reserve....
in southwest Sweden

Sweden

Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
. The site in the province of Skåne

Skåne

Scania is a geographical region on the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, a traditional provinces of Sweden in the Kingdom of Sweden, before 1658 a province in the Kingdom of Denmark and part of the historical lands of Denmark....
is an area of considerable biodiversity

Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or for the entire Earth. Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems....
supporting a number of rare species

Rare species

A rare species is an organism which is very uncommon or scarce. This designation may be applied to either a plant or animal taxon, and may be distinct from the term "endangered species" or "threatened species"....
and has been designated as an Important Bird Area

Important Bird Area

An Important Bird Area is an area designated as being globally important habitat for the conservation of bird populations. Currently there are about 10,000 IBAs worldwide....
(IBA) in Sweden as well as a Special Protection Area

Special Protection Area

A Special Protection Area or SPA is a designation under the European Union directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds.Member States of the European Union have a duty to safeguard the habitat of Bird migration and certain particularly threatened birds. ...
(SPA).

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Encyclopedia

Kullaberg is a nature reserve

Nature reserve

Peninsula

Kattegat

Höganäs Municipality

H?gan?s Municipality is one of 290 municipalities of Sweden, in Sk?ne County in the southern part of the country. Its seat is located in the city of H?gan?s....
near the town of Mölle

Mölle

Sweden

Skåne

Biodiversity

Rare species

Important Bird Area

Special Protection Area

Terrain

Terrain, or relief, is the third or vertical dimension of land surface. When relief is described underwater, the term bathymetry is used....
is dominated by steep cliff

Cliff

In geography and geology, a cliff is a significant vertical, or near vertical, rock exposure. Cliffs are formed as erosion landforms due to the processes of erosion and weathering that produce them....
s rising from the sea

SEA

See also: Sea and seasThe three-letter acronym SEA may refer to:People/organizations/businesses*Scientists and Engineers for America, a pro-science political advocacy group....
and rocky outcrop

Outcrop

Outcrop is a Geology term referring to the appearance of bedrock or superficial deposits exposed at the surface of the Earth. In most places the bedrock or superficial deposits are covered by a mantle of soil and vegetation and cannot be seen or examined closely....
s on the ridge above, the highest elevation being Mount Håkull at 188 meters. Ridgetop vegetation

Vegetation

refers to the flora system of a specific region....
includes a mixed hardwood

Hardwood

The term hardwood is used to describe wood from non-monocot flowering plant trees and for those trees themselves. These are usually broad-leaved; in temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen....
broadleaf forest consisting of birch

Birch

Birch is the name of any tree of the genus Betula , in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae....
, beech

Beech

Beech is a genus of ten species of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe and North America.The leaf of beech trees are entire or sparsely toothed, from 5–15 cm long and 4–10 cm broad....
, oak

Oak

The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus , which are listed in the List of Quercus species, and some related genera, notably Lithocarpus....
and pine

Pine

Pines are Pinophyta trees in the genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae. They make up the monotypic subfamily Pinoideae. There are about 115 species of pine, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species....
trees with an understory of hawthorn

Crataegus

Hawthorn is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America....
, juniper

Juniper

Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper, widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the mountains of Central America....
, wild honeysuckle

Honeysuckle

Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere. There are about 180 species of honeysuckle, with by far the greatest diversity in China, where over 100 species occur; by comparison, Europe and North America have only about 20 native species each....
and blackthorn

Blackthorn

Prunus spinosa is a species of Prunus native to Europe, western Asia, and locally in northwest Africa.It is a deciduous large shrub or small tree growing to 5 m tall, with blackish bark and dense, stiff, spiny branches....
. Among the notable rare plants

Rare species

Stone Age

The Stone Age is a broad prehistory time period during which humans widely used Rock for toolmaking.Stone tools were made from a variety of different kinds of stone....
, there are extant stone circle

Stone circle (Iron Age)

The Stone Circles of the Iron Age were a characteristic burial custom of southern Scandinavia, especially on Gotland and in G?taland during the Pre-Roman Iron Age and the Roman Iron Age....
s, grave mounds, ancient village

Village

A village is a clustered human settlement or Residential community, larger than a hamlet , but smaller than a town or city. Though generally located in rural areas, the term urban village may be applied to certain urban area neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New York City and the Saifi Village in Beirut, Lebanon....
remains and other archeological

Archaeology

Archaeology, archeology, or arch?ology is the science that studies Homo cultures through the recovery, documentation, analysis, and interpretation of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, Artifact , features, Biofact s, and cultural landscape....
features. Kullaberg is administered by the Höganäs

Höganäs

H?gan?s is a urban areas of Sweden in Scania and the seat of H?gan?s Municipality, Sk?ne County in Sweden. It has a population of 13,550 .H?gan?s is nationally known for its ceramics industry, H?gan?s Keramik....
Forestry Board and the Gyllenstierna Krapperup Foundation. Kullen

Kullen Lighthouse

The Kullen Lighthouse is an operational lighthouse in Scania, located by the mouth of ?resund, at the point of Kullaberg peninsula, in H?gan?s Municipality, on the south-west coast of Sweden....
lighthouse

Lighthouse

A lighthouse is a tower, building, or framework designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lens or, in older times, from a fire and used as an aid to navigation and to Maritime pilot at sea....
, designed by architect Magnus Dahlander in 1898, is considered the brightest in Sweden, situated at the westernmost point of the reserve, guiding ship

Ship

A ship is a large watercraft that floats on water. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size. Ships may be found on lakes, seas, and rivers and they allow for a variety of activities, such as the ferry or cargo ships, fishing, cruise ship, Coast guard, and warship....
s through this busy part of the Kattegat

Kattegat

Ridge

A ridge is a geological feature that features a continuous elevational crest for some distance. Ridges are usually termed hills or mountains as well, depending on size....
and provide access to dozens of beach

Beach

File:MiamiSouthBeachPanoramaEdit.jpgA beach is a geology landform along the shoreline of a body of water. It usually consists of loose particles which are often composed of Rock , such as sand, gravel, shingle beach, pebbles, or cobble....
cove

Cove

A cove is a circular or oval coastal inlet with a narrow entrance. Colloquially, the term can be used to describe a sheltered headlands and bays....
s nestled at the bottom of the cliff formations.

History

Stone Age

The Stone Age is a broad prehistory time period during which humans widely used Rock for toolmaking.Stone tools were made from a variety of different kinds of stone....
inhabitants were in southern Sweden at least as early as 7000 BC, from archaeological evidence on the mainland

Mainland

Mainland is usually the continental part of a region, as opposed to the islands nearby. Sometimes the residents are called "the Mainlanders". As a result of the usually larger area of mainland, there are significantly more mainlanders than islanders, and mainlander culture and politics sometimes threaten to dominate those of the islands....
as well as the large island of Öland

Öland

is the second largest Islands of Sweden and the smallest of the traditional provinces of Sweden. ?land has an area of 1,342 km? and is located in Baltic Sea just off the coast of Sm?land....
. At Kullaberg clear evidence of habitation is found from tool findings, gravefield

Tumulus

A tumulus is a mound of Soil and Rock s raised over a Grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, H?gelgrab or kurgans, and can be found throughout much of the world....
s and stone circles. Later Iron Age

Iron Age

In archaeology, the Iron Age was the stage in the development of any people in which tools and weapons whose main ingredient was iron were prominent....
peoples are also known to have inhabited the Kullaberg. The first written information about Kullaberg derives from about the year 1740 AD when Swedish

Sweden

Natural history

Natural history is the scientific research of plants or animals, leaning more towards the observational than experimental methods of study, and encompasses more research that is published in magazines than in academic journals....
Carl von Linne visited the area and recorded biological

Biology

Biology is a branch of the natural sciences concerned with the study of living organisms and their interaction with each other and their environment ....
notes.

In the early 1700s a private group almost acquired the Kullaberg with the intention of quarry

Quarry

A quarry is a type of open-pit mining from which rock or minerals are extracted. Quarries are generally used for extracting building materials, such as dimension stone....
ing the rich stone resource. Foresighted early environmentalists intervened for a period of trustee

Trustee

Trustee is a legal term that refers to a holder of property on behalf of a beneficiary . A Trust law can be set up either to benefit particular persons, or for any Charitable trust : typical examples are a testamentary trust for the testator's children and family, a pension trust , and a charitable trust....
years until a formal trust was created to own and manage the preserve. AB Kullabergs Natur was established in 1913 and acquired a portion of the lands on the peninsula. In 1968, a portion of the site was owned by the Krapperup Estate (owners of nearby Krapperup Castle), and, at that time, the tenant in tail, Gustaf Gyllenstierna, consigned the balance of Kullaberg to the Gyllenstierna Krapperup Foundation.

Habitats and vegetation

The principal habitat

Habitat

The term habitat has a number of meanings:* Habitat , a place where a species lives and grows** Human habitat, a place where humans live, work or play...
s include broadleaf deciduous forest and coniferous forest, specialized cliff habitat and marine

Marine (ocean)

Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology....
habitat including intertidal zone

Intertidal zone

The intertidal zone is the area that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, for example, the area between tide marks. This area can include many different types of habitats, including steep rocky cliffs, sandy beaches, or wetlands ....
. In the clear sea waters can be found crustacean

Crustacean

Crustaceans are a large group of arthropods, comprising almost 52,000 described species , and are usually treated as a subphylum . They include various familiar animals, such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill and barnacles....
s, sea urchin

Sea urchin

Sea urchins are small, spiny, globular creatures that compose most of class Echinoidea. They are found in oceans all over the world. Their shell, or "test", is round and spiny, typically from 3 to 10 cm across....
s, mussel

Mussel

The common name mussel is used for members of several different families of clams or bivalve molluscs, from both saltwater and freshwater habitats....
s, snail

Snail

The word snail is a common name for almost all members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled animal shells in the adult stage. When the word snail is used in a general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails....
s and a variety of ocean fishes. The rocky shore

Rocky shore

A rocky shore is an intertidal area on seacoasts where solid rock predominates. Rocky shores are biologically rich environments, and make the ideal natural laboratory for studying intertidal ecology and other biological processes....
line creates a natural environment for numerous tidepools that form at the cliff bases. In addition, freshwater marsh

Marsh

In geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland which is subject to frequent or continuous flood . Typically the water is shallow and features Poaceaees, Juncaceaees, Phragmites, typhas, Cyperaless, and other herbaceous plants....
es cover approximately five percent of the site.

Principal broadleaf trees include elm

Elm

Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus, family Ulmaceae. Elms first appeared in the Miocene period about 40 million years ago....
, ash

Ash tree

Fraxinus is a genus of usually medium to large trees, mostly deciduous though a few subtropical species are evergreen. The leaf are opposite , and mostly pinnately-compound, simple in a few species....
, birch

Birch

Birch is the name of any tree of the genus Betula , in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae....
, beech

Beech

Oak

Habitat

The term habitat has a number of meanings:* Habitat , a place where a species lives and grows** Human habitat, a place where humans live, work or play...
s are particularly varied since each direction of cliff face into the ocean (about 270 degrees in all) generating a slightly different microclimate

Microclimate

A microclimate is a local atmospheric zone where the climate differs from the surrounding area. The term may refer to areas as small as a few square feet or as large as many square miles ....
exposure and hence a unique habitat. Not surprisingly then there are a number of rare plants

Rare species

Garlic

Allium sativum L., commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion family Alliaceae. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, and chive....
and wild marjoram

Marjoram

Marjoram is a somewhat cold-sensitive perennial plant herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavours. It is also called Sweet Marjoram or Knotted Marjoram and Majorana hortensis....
; the rare plant, grass pea or varvial (Lathyrus sphaericus) occurs only within Sweden at Kullaberg and one other location.

Birdlife

It is the rich avafauna that have primarily been responsible for the designations of IBA

IBA

IBA or Iba may refer to:People* Erol Iba , Indonesian footballer* Henry Iba , American basketball coachPlaces* Iba, Zambales, municipality in Zambales, Philippines...
and SPA

SPA

selfref|On Wikipedia, SPA may refer to...
. Part of this IBA is a recognized international IBA. A variety of pelagic birds as well as terrestrial birds find their homes at Kullaberg. The preserve is a significant wintering and passage area for a number of seabird

Seabird

Seabirds are birds that have adaptation to life within the marine environment. While seabirds vary greatly in lifestyle, behavior and physiology, they often exhibit striking convergent evolution, as the same environmental problems and feeding ecological niche have resulted in similar adaptations....
s and seaduck, including Common Eider

Common Eider

The Common Eider, Somateria mollissima, is a large Merginae, which is distributed over the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia....
(Somateria mollissima), Common Scoter

Common Scoter

The 'Common Scoter' is a large Merginae, 43-54 cm in length, which breeds over the far north of Europe and Asia east to the Olenyok River. The American/E Siberian M....
(Melanita nigra), Velvet Scoter

Velvet Scoter

The Velvet Scoter is a large Merginae, which breeds over the far north of Europe and Asia west of the Yenisey basin. A small, isolated population nests in eastern Turkey....
(Melanita fusca), Common Goldeneye

Common Goldeneye

The Common Goldeneye is a medium sized sea duck of the genus Goldeneye , the Goldeneye . Their closest relative is the similar Barrow's Goldeneye....
(Bucephala clangula), and Black Guillemot

Black Guillemot

The Black Guillemot or Tystie, Cepphus grylle, is a medium-sized Alcidae at 32-38 cm in length, and with a 49-58 cm wingspan.Adult birds have black bodies with a white wing patch, a thin dark bill and red legs and feet....
(Cepphus grylle).

The rare species

Rare species

Red Kite

The Red Kite is a medium-large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal Bird of preys such as eagles, buzzards and harrier s....
(Milvus milvus) finds good habitat for one or two breeding pairs (as of 1996) in this specialized coastal habitat

Habitat

The term habitat has a number of meanings:* Habitat , a place where a species lives and grows** Human habitat, a place where humans live, work or play...
of Kullaberg and causes the site to meet IBA criteria B3 and C6. The Common Guillemot

Common Guillemot

File:Uria Lomvia 1 9.jpgThe Common Guillemot or Common Murre is a large auk. It is also known as the Thin-billed Murre in North America....
, (Uria aalge), is found here, with the 1996 census recording 50 to 500 pairs, but not as a breeding location; although the habitat is considered marginal for this bird, criteria B1ii and C3 are nevertheless met. Further in the 1996 census 20 to 30 pairs of Red-backed Shrike

Red-backed Shrike

The Red-backed Shrike is a carnivorous passerine bird and member of the shrike family Laniidae.This bird breeds in most of Europe and western Asia and winters in tropical Africa....
s were noted at Kullaberg; while this shrike

Shrike

Shrikes are passerine birds of the family Laniidae. The family is composed of thirty one species in three genus. The family name, and that of the largest genus, Lanius, is derived from the Latin word for butcher, and some shrikes were also known as "butcher birds" because of their feeding habits....
breeds here, with habitat value rated as medium, item C6 is met of the listing criteria.

Practical information

A paved road exists between the town of Mölle

Mölle

Lighthouse

A lighthouse is a tower, building, or framework designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lens or, in older times, from a fire and used as an aid to navigation and to Maritime pilot at sea....
. Along this road there are several other car park opportunities and a variety of trailhead

Trailhead

The trailhead is the point at which a path, usually intended primarily or solely for walking and/or horseback traffic, starts. Modern trailheads often contain rest rooms, sign posts and distribution centers for informational brochures about the trail and its features, and parking areas for vehicles and trailers....
s leading to the numerous cliff paths and beach coves. Alternatively one may access hiking trails from the town of Molle itself or take a small boat from the harbour in Molle.

Trivia

In the 1980s controversial wood sculptures called Nimis were constructed from driftwood
Driftwood

Driftwood is wood that has been washed onto a shore or beach of a sea or river by the action of winds, tides, waves or man. It is a form of marine debris....
, situated in one of the cove areas. While some people consider this an artistic addition to the nature reserve, others consider it unappealing and the sculptures were the subject of legal dispute over their removal. This dispute resulted in the founding of the micronation
Micronation

Micronations — sometimes also referred to as model countries and new country projects — are entities that resemble independent nations or states but which are unrecognized by world governments or major international organisations....
Ladonia
Ladonia

Ladonia can refer to:* Ladonia , next to Sweden* Ladonia, Alabama, USA* Ladonia, Texas, USA...
.

The Swedish family of Kullenberg
Kullenberg

Kullenberg is a Swedish family name. The family traces its origins to Kullaberg in Scania in the 16th century, although the family name came in use later....
takes its name from Kullaberg, where the first known member of the family lived in the 16th century.

Kullaberg

History

Habitats and vegetation

Birdlife

Practical information

Trivia

See also

External links