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Komi language
 
 
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The Komi language, also known as Zyrian, or Komi-Zyrian, is a Finno-Permic
Finno-Permic languages

The Finno-Permic languages form one of the main branches of the Finno-Ugric languages that split from it around 2500 - 3000 BC. Finno-Permic is estimated to have branched into Permic languages and Finno-Volgaic languages around 2000 BC....
 language spoken by the Komi peoples
Komi peoples

Komi live in the Komi Republic, Perm Krai, Murmansk Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia. Their Northernmost subgroup is also known as the Komi-Izhemtsy or Iz'vataz....
 in the northeastern Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
an part of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
. Komi is one of the two members of the Permic
Permic languages

Permic languages are a subgroup of the Finno-Ugric languages language family. They are spoken in the Ural Mountains of Russia.* Komi-Zyrian language ...
 subgroup of the Finno-Ugric
Finno-Ugric languages

Finno-Ugric is a group of languages in the Uralic languages family, comprising Finnish language, Estonian language, Hungarian language and related languages....
 branch. The other Permic language is Udmurt
Udmurt language

Udmurt is a Finno-Permic languages spoken by the Udmurt people, natives of the Russian constituent republic of Udmurtia, where it is co-official with the Russian language....
, to which Komi is closely related.

Of the several dialects found within Komi, two major dialects are recognized, although the differences are not great: Komi-Zyrian, the largest group, serves as the literary basis within the Komi Republic
Komi Republic

The Komi Republic is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia ....
; and Komi-Yazva, spoken by a small, isolated group of Komi to the north-west of Perm Krai
Perm Krai

Perm Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Okrug....
 and south of the Komi Republic.






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The Komi language, also known as Zyrian, or Komi-Zyrian, is a Finno-Permic
Finno-Permic languages

The Finno-Permic languages form one of the main branches of the Finno-Ugric languages that split from it around 2500 - 3000 BC. Finno-Permic is estimated to have branched into Permic languages and Finno-Volgaic languages around 2000 BC....
 language spoken by the Komi peoples
Komi peoples

Komi live in the Komi Republic, Perm Krai, Murmansk Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia. Their Northernmost subgroup is also known as the Komi-Izhemtsy or Iz'vataz....
 in the northeastern Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
an part of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
. Komi is one of the two members of the Permic
Permic languages

Permic languages are a subgroup of the Finno-Ugric languages language family. They are spoken in the Ural Mountains of Russia.* Komi-Zyrian language ...
 subgroup of the Finno-Ugric
Finno-Ugric languages

Finno-Ugric is a group of languages in the Uralic languages family, comprising Finnish language, Estonian language, Hungarian language and related languages....
 branch. The other Permic language is Udmurt
Udmurt language

Udmurt is a Finno-Permic languages spoken by the Udmurt people, natives of the Russian constituent republic of Udmurtia, where it is co-official with the Russian language....
, to which Komi is closely related.

Of the several dialects found within Komi, two major dialects are recognized, although the differences are not great: Komi-Zyrian, the largest group, serves as the literary basis within the Komi Republic
Komi Republic

The Komi Republic is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia ....
; and Komi-Yazva, spoken by a small, isolated group of Komi to the north-west of Perm Krai
Perm Krai

Perm Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Okrug....
 and south of the Komi Republic. Permyak
Komi-Permyak language

Komi-Permyak is spoken in Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai, Russia, in the basin of the Kama River. It is a Finno-Ugric languages language related to Komi-Zyrian language and Udmurt language....
 (also called Komi-Permyak) is spoken in Komi-Permyak, where it has literary status.

The first writing system
Writing system

A writing system is a type of symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in language....
, the Old Permic script
Old Permic script

The Old Permic script, sometimes called Abur or Anbur, is an original ancient Permic writing system....
, was invented in the 14th century by the missionary Stepan Khrap
Stephen of Perm

Saint Stephen of Perm was a fourteenth century missionary credited with the conversion of the Komi Permyaks to Christianity and the establishment of the Bishopric of Perm....
, apparently of a Komi mother in Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug

File:Coat of Arms of Velikiy Ustyug .pngVeliky Ustyug is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Sukhona River and Yug Rivers....
. The alphabet shows some similarity to medieval Greek
Greek alphabet

The Greek alphabet is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th century BC or early 8th century BCE....
 and Cyrillic. In the 16th century this alphabet was replaced by the Russian alphabet
Russian alphabet

The modern Russian alphabet is a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet. It was introduced into Kievan Rus' at the time of Vladimir I of Kiev's conversion to Christianity date....
 with certain modifications for affricates. In the 1920s, the language was written in Molodtsov alphabet
Molodtsov alphabet

In the 1920s, the Komi language was written with the Molodtsov alphabet, derived from the Cyrillic alphabet.Letters particular to the Molodtsov alphabet include:...
, also derived from Cyrillic. In the 1930s it was switched to Latin. Since the 1940s it uses the Russian alphabet plus the additional letters ?
?

or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....
, ? and .

Letters particular to the Molodtsov alphabet
Molodtsov alphabet

In the 1920s, the Komi language was written with the Molodtsov alphabet, derived from the Cyrillic alphabet.Letters particular to the Molodtsov alphabet include:...
 include:

 style="font-size:smaller;" | The Molodtsov alphabet
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  
? ? ?
?

or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....
 ? 		? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  


Komi-Zyrian


Komi-Zyrian, (???? ??? - Komi Kyv) or simply Zyrian or Zyryan, is spoken by the Komi-Zyrians' ethnic group in Komi Republic
Komi Republic

The Komi Republic is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia ....
 and some other parts of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
. It is disputed whether Zyrian is a separate language or a dialect of Komi, because of its affinity to Komi-Permyak language
Komi-Permyak language

Komi-Permyak is spoken in Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai, Russia, in the basin of the Kama River. It is a Finno-Ugric languages language related to Komi-Zyrian language and Udmurt language....
. In 1994, Komi-Zyrian had about 285,000 speakers.

It was written in the form of Old Permic language for liturgical purposes as early as the 14th century in the Old Permic script
Old Permic script

The Old Permic script, sometimes called Abur or Anbur, is an original ancient Permic writing system....
. Said alphabet was replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet
Cyrillic alphabet

The Cyrillic alphabet is a family of alphabets, subsets of which are used by five Slavic languages national languages as well as non-Slavic . It is also used by many other languages of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Siberia and other languages in the past....
 in 17th century. A tradition of secular works of literature in the modern form of the language dates back to the 19th century.

Komi-Zyrian has ten dialects: Prisyktyvkarsky, Nizhnevychegodsky, Srednevychegodsky, Luzsko-letsky, Verkhnesysolsky, Verkhnevychegodsky, Pechorsky, Izhemsky, Vymsky, and Udorsky. Prisyktyvkarsky is spoken in the region of Syktyvkar
Syktyvkar

Syktyvkar is a city in Russia, capital of the Komi Republic. Located at . Population: 230,011 .Syktyvkar is located on the Sysola River, which is the origin of its former name Ust-Sysolsk....
 and forms the model for the generic standard dialect of the language. Dialects are divided based primarily on their use of the v and l phonemes, and some dialects are further distinguished based on palatalized d's and t's.

A a a [a] [a]
? ? b [b] [be]
? ? v [v] [ve]
? ? g [g] [ge]
? ? d [d]; as palatal, [dj] [de]
? ? e [je]; [e] after C except [t, d, s, z, n, l] [je]
Ë ë ë [jo]; [o] after [tj, dj, sj, zj, nj, lj] [jo]
? ? ž [] [že]
? ? z [z]; as palatal [zj] [ze]
? ? i [i] [njebd i] soft i
I i ï [i] after [t, d, s, z, n, l] [jord i] hard i
? ? j [j] [i kratk?j]
? ? k [k] [ka]
? ? l [l]; as palatal [lj] [el]
? ? m [m] [em]
? ? n [n]; as palatal [nj] [en]
? ? o [o] [o]
Ö ö ö [?] [?]
? ? p [p] [pe]
? ? r [r] [er]
? ? s [s]; as palatal [sj] [es]
? ? t [t]; as palatal [tj] [te]
? ? u [u] [u]
? ? f [f] [ef]
? ? x [x] [xa]
? ? c [] [ce]
? ? c [j] [ce]
? ? š [] [ša]
? ? šc [] [šca]
? ? _b [jord znak] "hard sign"
? ? y [] []
? ? ' _b [njebd znak] "soft sign"
? ? è [e] [e]
? ? ju [ju]; [u] after [tj, dj, sj, zj, nj, lj] [ju]
? ? ja [ja]; [a] after [tj, dj, sj, zj, nj, lj] [ja]


External links

  • Finno-Ugric Electronic Library by the Finno-Ugric Information Center in Syktyvkar
    Syktyvkar

    Syktyvkar is a city in Russia, capital of the Komi Republic. Located at . Population: 230,011 .Syktyvkar is located on the Sysola River, which is the origin of its former name Ust-Sysolsk....
    , Komi Republic
    Komi Republic

    The Komi Republic is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia ....
     (interface in Russian and English, texts in Mari
    Mari language

    The Mari language , spoken by more than 600,000 people, belongs to the Finno-Ugric languages branch of the Uralic languages language family. It is spoken primarily in the Mari El of the Russian Federation as well as in the area along the Vyatka River river basin and eastwards to the Ural Mountains....
    , Komi
    Komi language

    The Komi language, also known as Zyrian, or Komi-Zyrian, is a Finno-Permic languages language spoken by the Komi peoples in the northeastern European part of Russia....
    , Udmurt
    Udmurt language

    Udmurt is a Finno-Permic languages spoken by the Udmurt people, natives of the Russian constituent republic of Udmurtia, where it is co-official with the Russian language....
    , Erzya
    Erzya language

    Erzya language is spoken by about 500,000 people in the northern and eastern and north-western parts of the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent regions of Nizhniy Novgorod, Chuvashia, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan in Russia....
     and Moksha
    Moksha language

    The Moksha language is a Volga-Finnic languages with about 500,000 native speakers. Moksha is the majority language in the western part of Mordovia and spoken by Moksha people worldwide....
     languages): http://library.finugor.ru/