The years of Emperor Kōbun's reign or the
Kōbun period should not be misunderstood as a Japanese era name (年号,
nengō, lit.
yearA year is the amount of time it takes the Earth to make one revolution around the Sun...
name). The nengō system which was introduced in reign of Emperor Kōtoku was abandoned at the end of his reign, and the era name was not updated for a quite some time.
-
- For further discussion, see Talk:Japanese era name.
During the years after Emperor Kōtoku, the reigning sovereigns was initially Saimei
-tennō (斉明天皇), then
TenjiEmperor Tenji is the name of an emperor of Japan.Tenji was a Japanese era after Hōan and before Daiji, lasting from 1124 to 1126. The reigning Emperor was Emperor Sutoku.
...
-tennō (天智天皇), and then
Kōbun, also known as Prince Ōtomo was the 39th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
-tennō (弘文天皇).
The first year of Emperor Kōbun's rule (弘文天皇元年;
672672 was a leap year of the 7th century.-Asia:* Emperor Kōbun reigns briefly as emperor of Japan, followed by his uncle Emperor Temmu who overthrew his newphew in a brief but violent battle called The Jinshin War.-Religion:...
) could be arguably abbreviated as "the first year of Kōbun" (弘文元年;
672672 was a leap year of the 7th century.-Asia:* Emperor Kōbun reigns briefly as emperor of Japan, followed by his uncle Emperor Temmu who overthrew his newphew in a brief but violent battle called The Jinshin War.-Religion:...
)), but this is nowhere understood as a true nengō.
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The years of Emperor Kōbun's reign or the
Kōbun period should not be misunderstood as a Japanese era name (年号,
nengō, lit.
yearA year is the amount of time it takes the Earth to make one revolution around the Sun...
name). The nengō system which was introduced in reign of Emperor Kōtoku was abandoned at the end of his reign, and the era name was not updated for a quite some time.
-
- For further discussion, see Talk:Japanese era name.
During the years after Emperor Kōtoku, the reigning sovereigns was initially Saimei
-tennō (斉明天皇), then
TenjiEmperor Tenji is the name of an emperor of Japan.Tenji was a Japanese era after Hōan and before Daiji, lasting from 1124 to 1126. The reigning Emperor was Emperor Sutoku.
...
-tennō (天智天皇), and then
Kōbun, also known as Prince Ōtomo was the 39th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
-tennō (弘文天皇).
The first year of Emperor Kōbun's rule (弘文天皇元年;
672672 was a leap year of the 7th century.-Asia:* Emperor Kōbun reigns briefly as emperor of Japan, followed by his uncle Emperor Temmu who overthrew his newphew in a brief but violent battle called The Jinshin War.-Religion:...
) could be arguably abbreviated as "the first year of Kōbun" (弘文元年;
672672 was a leap year of the 7th century.-Asia:* Emperor Kōbun reigns briefly as emperor of Japan, followed by his uncle Emperor Temmu who overthrew his newphew in a brief but violent battle called The Jinshin War.-Religion:...
)), but this is nowhere understood as a true nengō. The reigns of Japanese emperors and empresses are not nengō, nor were the two considered to be the same until Meiji came on the scene.
References to the emperors who ruled during this period are properly written as, for example,
- "the 3rd year of Kōbun" (弘文天皇３年), and
- not "Kōbun 3" (弘文３年).
Nengō were abolished during the interregnum years between Hakuchi and Shuchō, and again between Shuchō and Taihō.
- The commonly accepted pre-Tahiō nengō are:
- Taika: 645.6.19–650.2.15
- Hakuchi: 650.2.15–654.10.?
- Shuchō: 686.7.20–686.9.?
- Taihō: 701.3.21–704.5.10
Non-nengō period
- 1st year of Kōbun's reign (弘文天皇元年; 672
672 was a leap year of the 7th century.-Asia:* Emperor Kōbun reigns briefly as emperor of Japan, followed by his uncle Emperor Temmu who overthrew his newphew in a brief but violent battle called The Jinshin War.-Religion:...
): A new period is marked by the beginning of the reign of Emperor Kōbun, but the end of the previous nengō Hakuchi 6 (654-Europe:* Rhodes is invaded by an Arab force; remains of the Colossus of Rhodes are sold off.* King Reccaswinth issues a Visigothic law code.-Asia:* Nakatomi no Kamatari of Japan is granted the Shikwan ....
) does not imply the commencement of a new nengō in the succeeding reigns. This posthoumus name was created retroactively in 1870, but Meji scholars did not determine retroactively that a new nengō should have commenced with the beginning of Emperor Kōbun's accession to the throne.
Events of the Kōbun period
- 1st year of Kōbun's reign (672
672 was a leap year of the 7th century.-Asia:* Emperor Kōbun reigns briefly as emperor of Japan, followed by his uncle Emperor Temmu who overthrew his newphew in a brief but violent battle called The Jinshin War.-Religion:...
): Emperor Tenji dies; and his son, Prince Ō-ama (later to become Emperor Temmu), declines to receive the succession (‘‘senso’’). Shortly thereafter, his older brother, Ō-tomo (posthumously known as Emperor Kōbun after 1870), formally accedes to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).
Further reading
- Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō
is a historical and literary work about the history of Japan. Seven volumes in length, it was composed by Buddhist priest Jien of the Tendai sect c. 1220....
; "The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'Gukanshō,' an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219" translated from the Japanese and edited by Delmer M. Brown & Ichirō Ishida. Berkeley: University of California PressUniversity of California Press, also known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing. It was founded in 1893 to publish books and papers for the faculty of the University of California, established 25 years earlier in 1868...
. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
- Titsingh
Isaac Titsingh FRS was a Dutch surgeon, scholar, merchant-trader and ambassador. During a long career in East Asia, Titsingh was a senior official of the Dutch East India Company...
, Isaac. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi GahōHayashi Gahō , also known as Hayashi Shunsai, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the Tokugawa bakufu during the Edo period...
(1652)]. Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. KlaprothJulius Heinrich Klaproth , German linguist, historian, ethnographer, author, Orientalist and explorer. As scholar, he is credited along with Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, with being instrumental in turning East Asian Studies into scientific disciplines with critical methods.-Chronology:Klaproth was...
. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and IrelandThe Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland was, according to its Royal Charter of 11 August 1824, established to further "the investigation of subjects connected with and for the encouragement of science, literature and the arts in relation to Asia." From its incorporation the Society...
.--Two digitized examples of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006. Click here to read the original text in French.
- Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [Kitabatake Chitafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki
is a Japanese historical book written by Kitabatake Chikafusa , a court noble in the Nanboku-chō period. The work sought both to clarify the genesis and consequences of a complicated period and to ameliorate or dispel the prevailing disorder....
("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University PressColumbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University. It is currently directed by James D. Jordan and publishes titles in the humanities and sciences, including the fields of literary and cultural studies, history, social work, sociology,...
. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
External links
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GregorianThe Gregorian calendar is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was first proposed by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius, and decreed by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, on 24 February 1582 by the papal bull Inter gravissimas...
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672 672 was a leap year of the 7th century.-Asia:* Emperor Kōbun reigns briefly as emperor of Japan, followed by his uncle Emperor Temmu who overthrew his newphew in a brief but violent battle called The Jinshin War.-Religion:...
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673 -Europe:* Hlothhere becomes king of Kent.* The city of Ely, England is founded. The Monastery is founded by Æthelthryth. At around this time a small Nunnery was also founded in her name in Stow Green.-Asia:...
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