Kladovo
Encyclopedia
KladovoKladovo (Serbian Cyrillic
: Кладово, klâdɔʋɔ, Romanian
: Cladovă, German
: Kladowo, Latin and Romanised Greek
: Zanes) is a town and municipality in the Bor District
of eastern Serbia
. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube
river. The population
of the Kladovo town is 8,913, while the population of the Kladovo municipality with surrounding settlements is 20,635 (2011 census).
, the town is known as Kladovo (Кладово), in Vlach
/Romanian
as Claudia, and in German
as Kladowo or Kladovo. In the time of the Roman Empire
, the name of the town was Zanes while the fortifications was known as Diana and Pontes (from Greek "sea" -pontos, or Roman "bridge" - pontem). Emperor Trajan let build a number of fortications in the area during Roman times, as the well-known Trajan's Bridge
(Pontes was built on the Serbian side, Theodora was built on the Romanian side). Later, old Slavs founded here their settlement that was named Novi Grad (Нови Град), while Ottomans
built here a fortress named Fetislam. The present-day name of Kladovo is first recorded in 1596 in one Austria
n military document.
There are several theories about origin of the current name of the town: http://www.kladovo.org.rs/
There is a settlement with the same name in Russia
near Moscow
and it is believed that this settlement was founded by Serbs
who moved there from Serbian Kladovo in the 18th century. One of the suburbs of Berlin
also have this name, which originates from the Slavic Lusatian Serbs (Sorbs
) who live in eastern Germany
.
pottery
of the Kostolac-Kocofeni culture was found in Donje Butorke, Kladovo, as well as several miniature duck-shaped vases of 14th century BC in Mala Vrbica and Korbovo
. Bronze Age
necropolis
with rituals, pottery (decorated with meander
) and other significant archaeological items were found in Korbovo.
In ancient times, a fortification near Trajan's bridge
named Zanes/Pontes existed at this location, the area was governed by the Dacian Albocense
tribe. In the Middle Ages
, the Slavs founded here new town named Novi Grad (Нови Град), but it was razed by the Hungarians
in 1502. It was rebuilt in 1524 by the Ottomans
and received new name: Fethi Islam (Fetislam). According to Ottoman traveler, Evliya Chelebi, who visited the town in 1666, most of its inhabitants spoke local Slavic language and Turkish language
, while some also spoke Vlach
. http://www.kladovo.org.rs/ In 1784, the population of Kladovo numbered 140 Muslim and 50 Christian houses. http://www.kladovo.org.rs/
, and the following villages:
According to the 2002 census, all settlements in the Kladovo municipality have Serb ethnic majority.
The population of the villages around Kladovo is mostly supported by the family members who work as guest-workers in the countries of western Europe
, agriculture is a side activity more than an income-generating one.
is very polluted by international standards, many people still fish in it. Before the power plant was built, sturgeon
caviar
from this area was very popular and was exported as a delicacy to the western Europe
and the United States
.
The nearby archeological sites include the remnants of Roman
Emperor
Trajan's bridge
, one of many Trajan
's tables, remnants of Trajan's road through the Danube's Iron Gates, and the Roman
fortress Diana.
During the Ottoman
occupation of the Balkan peninsula a fortress was built near the town. The fortress's name is Fetislam (originally Feht-ul-Islam meaning "gate of Islam") and in the 1970s it was converted into a sports complex containing children's playgrounds, track and soccer fields, handball, volleyball and tennis courts. The Iron Gates national park offers breathtaking views, excellent hunting grounds, and many trails for hiking (most trails are not well marked or maintained, so hiking is recommended only for the experienced).
The town has two hotels:"Đerdap" and "Aquastar Danube". Nearby the city (8 km on the road to Belgrade) there is a youth camp named "Karataš" (Turkish kara-tash for "black stone") which can host some of the visiting tourists. Kladovo has many cafés and restaurants, some offering live music entertainment late into the night. The town's quay stretches about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) along the Danube
river, offering quite beautiful scenery for strolling.
, a Serbia
n linguist
and reformer of the Serbian language
.
Serbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
: Кладово, klâdɔʋɔ, Romanian
Romanian language
Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...
: Cladovă, German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
: Kladowo, Latin and Romanised Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Zanes) is a town and municipality in the Bor District
Bor District
Bor District is a district of Serbia with seat in Bor. It has a population of 123,848 .-History:...
of eastern Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
river. The population
Population
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
of the Kladovo town is 8,913, while the population of the Kladovo municipality with surrounding settlements is 20,635 (2011 census).
Name
In SerbianSerbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
, the town is known as Kladovo (Кладово), in Vlach
Vlach language (Serbia)
Vlach / Romanian are the terms used to designate the Romanian varieties spoken by the Vlachs of eastern Serbia.-Status:...
/Romanian
Romanian language
Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...
as Claudia, and in German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
as Kladowo or Kladovo. In the time of the Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
, the name of the town was Zanes while the fortifications was known as Diana and Pontes (from Greek "sea" -pontos, or Roman "bridge" - pontem). Emperor Trajan let build a number of fortications in the area during Roman times, as the well-known Trajan's Bridge
Trajan's bridge
Trajan's Bridge or Bridge of Apollodorus over the Danube was a Roman segmental arch bridge, the first to be built over the lower Danube. For more than a thousand years, it was the longest arch bridge in the world, in terms of both total and span length...
(Pontes was built on the Serbian side, Theodora was built on the Romanian side). Later, old Slavs founded here their settlement that was named Novi Grad (Нови Град), while Ottomans
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
built here a fortress named Fetislam. The present-day name of Kladovo is first recorded in 1596 in one Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n military document.
There are several theories about origin of the current name of the town: http://www.kladovo.org.rs/
- According to one theory (Ranka Kuic), name of the town derived from CelticCeltic languagesThe Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic"; a branch of the greater Indo-European language family...
word "kladiff" meaning "cemetery" in English. - According to another theory (Ranko Jakovljevic), the name derived from the word "klad" (a gadget used fom imprisonment of the people).
- According to the third theory, the name derived from SlavicSlavic languagesThe Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia.-Branches:Scholars traditionally divide Slavic...
word "kladenac" meaning "well" in English or from Slavic word "klada" meaning "stump" in English. - There is also a theory that name of the town derived from the BulgarianBulgarian EmpireBulgarian Empire is a term used to describe two periods in the medieval history of Bulgaria, during which it acted as a key regional power in Europe in general and in Southeastern Europe in particular, rivalling Byzantium...
duke GladGlad (duke)Glad was a duke of Bulgarian origin who, according to the 13th-century chronicle Gesta Ungarorum "", ruled in the territory of modern Banat at the time of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin around 896...
, who ruled over this region in the 9th century.
There is a settlement with the same name in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
near Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
and it is believed that this settlement was founded by Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
who moved there from Serbian Kladovo in the 18th century. One of the suburbs of Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
also have this name, which originates from the Slavic Lusatian Serbs (Sorbs
Sorbs
Sorbs are a Western Slavic people of Central Europe living predominantly in Lusatia, a region on the territory of Germany and Poland. In Germany they live in the states of Brandenburg and Saxony. They speak the Sorbian languages - closely related to Polish and Czech - officially recognized and...
) who live in eastern Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
.
History
Early Bronze AgeBronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
pottery
Pottery
Pottery is the material from which the potteryware is made, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. The place where such wares are made is also called a pottery . Pottery also refers to the art or craft of the potter or the manufacture of pottery...
of the Kostolac-Kocofeni culture was found in Donje Butorke, Kladovo, as well as several miniature duck-shaped vases of 14th century BC in Mala Vrbica and Korbovo
Korbovo
Korbovo is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 1067 people....
. Bronze Age
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
necropolis
Necropolis
A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial ground, usually including structural tombs. The word comes from the Greek νεκρόπολις - nekropolis, literally meaning "city of the dead"...
with rituals, pottery (decorated with meander
Meander
A meander in general is a bend in a sinuous watercourse. A meander is formed when the moving water in a stream erodes the outer banks and widens its valley. A stream of any volume may assume a meandering course, alternately eroding sediments from the outside of a bend and depositing them on the...
) and other significant archaeological items were found in Korbovo.
In ancient times, a fortification near Trajan's bridge
Trajan's bridge
Trajan's Bridge or Bridge of Apollodorus over the Danube was a Roman segmental arch bridge, the first to be built over the lower Danube. For more than a thousand years, it was the longest arch bridge in the world, in terms of both total and span length...
named Zanes/Pontes existed at this location, the area was governed by the Dacian Albocense
Albocense
Albocense was a Dacian tribe that inhabited the area of Banat with the towns of Kovin , Trans Tierna, Ad Medias II, Kladovo , Apu, Arcidava, Centum Putea, Ram and Praetorium I. They lived between the Timiş River and north of the Saldenses, south of the Biephi...
tribe. In the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
, the Slavs founded here new town named Novi Grad (Нови Град), but it was razed by the Hungarians
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
in 1502. It was rebuilt in 1524 by the Ottomans
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
and received new name: Fethi Islam (Fetislam). According to Ottoman traveler, Evliya Chelebi, who visited the town in 1666, most of its inhabitants spoke local Slavic language and Turkish language
Turkish language
Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...
, while some also spoke Vlach
Vlach language (Serbia)
Vlach / Romanian are the terms used to designate the Romanian varieties spoken by the Vlachs of eastern Serbia.-Status:...
. http://www.kladovo.org.rs/ In 1784, the population of Kladovo numbered 140 Muslim and 50 Christian houses. http://www.kladovo.org.rs/
Municipalities
Kladovo municipalities includes the town of Kladovo, the town of Brza PalankaBrza Palanka
Brza Palanka is a town in Serbia. It is situated in the Kladovo municipality, in the Bor District. The population of the town is 1,076 people .The town has its origin in the Roman town of Aegeta ....
, and the following villages:
- VajugaVajugaVajuga is a village in Serbia located in the municipality of Kladovo, in the district of Bor. In 2002, it had 563 inhabitants, of which the majority were Serbs....
- VelesnicaVelesnicaVelesnica is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 265 people....
- Velika VrbicaVelika VrbicaVelika Vrbica is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 996 people....
- Velika KamenicaVelika KamenicaVelika Kamenica is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 757 people....
- GrabovicaGrabovica (Kladovo)Grabovica is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 880 people....
- DavidovacDavidovac (Kladovo)Davidovac is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 610 people....
- KladušnicaKladušnicaKladušnica is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 727 people....
- KorbovoKorbovoKorbovo is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 1067 people....
- KostolKostolKostol is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 1053 people....
- KupuzišteKupuzišteKupuzište is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 317 people....
- Ljubičevac
- Mala Vrbica
- Manastirica
- MilutinovacMilutinovacMilutinovac is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 186 people....
- Novi SipNovi SipNovi Sip is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 909 people....
- Petrovo SeloPetrovo Selo, KladovoPetrovo Selo, Kladovo is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 129 people....
- PodvrškaPodvrškaPodvrška is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 1143 people....
- RekaReka (Kladovo)Reka is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 278 people....
- Rečica
- RtkovoRtkovoRtkovo is a village in the municipality of Kladovo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 1012 people....
- Tekija na Dunavu
Ethnic groups in the municipality
According to the 2002 census the population of the Kladovo municipality is composed of:- SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
= 21,702 (91.91%) - Romanians(Vlachs) = 568 (2.41%)
- others.
According to the 2002 census, all settlements in the Kladovo municipality have Serb ethnic majority.
Ethnic groups in the town
According to the 2002 census the population of the Kladovo town is composed of:- SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
= 8,584 (93.90%) - Romanians(Vlachs) = 112 (1.23%)
- others.
Economy
The main business is the hydro-electric power plant "Đerdap". Other businesses began primarily to support the building and operation of the power plant, and the local folk.The population of the villages around Kladovo is mostly supported by the family members who work as guest-workers in the countries of western Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
, agriculture is a side activity more than an income-generating one.
Features
Kladovo has one hospital, two daycare and kindergarten centers, one elementary school (grades 1 through 8), one high school and several vocational schools. Though the river DanubeDanube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
is very polluted by international standards, many people still fish in it. Before the power plant was built, sturgeon
Sturgeon
Sturgeon is the common name used for some 26 species of fish in the family Acipenseridae, including the genera Acipenser, Huso, Scaphirhynchus and Pseudoscaphirhynchus. The term includes over 20 species commonly referred to as sturgeon and several closely related species that have distinct common...
caviar
Caviar
Caviar, sometimes called black caviar, is a luxury delicacy, consisting of processed, salted, non-fertilized sturgeon roe. The roe can be "fresh" or pasteurized, the latter having much less culinary and economic value....
from this area was very popular and was exported as a delicacy to the western Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
and the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
The nearby archeological sites include the remnants of Roman
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
Emperor
Emperor
An emperor is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife or a woman who rules in her own right...
Trajan's bridge
Trajan's bridge
Trajan's Bridge or Bridge of Apollodorus over the Danube was a Roman segmental arch bridge, the first to be built over the lower Danube. For more than a thousand years, it was the longest arch bridge in the world, in terms of both total and span length...
, one of many Trajan
Trajan
Trajan , was Roman Emperor from 98 to 117 AD. Born into a non-patrician family in the province of Hispania Baetica, in Spain Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian. Serving as a legatus legionis in Hispania Tarraconensis, in Spain, in 89 Trajan supported the emperor against...
's tables, remnants of Trajan's road through the Danube's Iron Gates, and the Roman
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
fortress Diana.
During the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
occupation of the Balkan peninsula a fortress was built near the town. The fortress's name is Fetislam (originally Feht-ul-Islam meaning "gate of Islam") and in the 1970s it was converted into a sports complex containing children's playgrounds, track and soccer fields, handball, volleyball and tennis courts. The Iron Gates national park offers breathtaking views, excellent hunting grounds, and many trails for hiking (most trails are not well marked or maintained, so hiking is recommended only for the experienced).
The town has two hotels:"Đerdap" and "Aquastar Danube". Nearby the city (8 km on the road to Belgrade) there is a youth camp named "Karataš" (Turkish kara-tash for "black stone") which can host some of the visiting tourists. Kladovo has many cafés and restaurants, some offering live music entertainment late into the night. The town's quay stretches about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) along the Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
river, offering quite beautiful scenery for strolling.
Famous residents
Famous temporary residents were Saint Nicodim Tismansky (XIV-XV c.) and Vuk Stefanović KaradžićVuk Stefanovic Karadžic
Vuk Stefanović Karadžić was a Serbian philolog and linguist, the major reformer of the Serbian language, and deserves, perhaps, for his collections of songs, fairy tales, and riddles to be called the father of the study of Serbian folklore. He was the author of the first Serbian dictionary...
, a Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
n linguist
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
and reformer of the Serbian language
Serbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
.