Kirshenbaum

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Kirshenbaum

Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA or erkIPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic AlphabetInternational Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists....
(IPA) in ASCIIASCII

ASCII , generally pronounced , is a character encoding based on the English alphabet....
. It was developed for UsenetUsenet

Usenet is a distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP network of the same name....
, notably the newsgroups sci.lang and alt.usage.english. It is named after Evan Kirshenbaum, who led the collaboration that created it.

The system uses almost all lower-case letters to represent the directly corresponding IPA character, but unlike X-SAMPAX-SAMPA

The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C....
has the notable exception of the letter 'r'. Examples where the two systems have a different mapping between characters and sounds are:

Sound IPA X-SAMPA Kirshenbaum

alveolar trillAlveolar trill

The alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.... r r

alveolar approximantAlveolar approximant

The alveolar approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.... r\ r

near-open front unrounded vowelNear-open front unrounded vowel

The near-open front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages....

Kirshenbaum charts of consonants and vowels This chart is based on information provided in the Kirshenbaum specification., It may also be helpful to compare it to the SAMPA chartSAMPA chart SAMPA charts of consonants and vowels... or X-SAMPA chartX-SAMPA The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C.... . Consonant chart Kirshenbaum chart of consonantConsonant In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the ... s (the paired signs are voiceless/voiced consonants) Place of articulationPlace of articulation In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation of a consonant is the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in... ? LabialLabial consonant Labials are consonants articulated either with both lips or with the lower lip and the upper teeth .... CoronalCoronal consonant Coronal consonants are articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue.... DorsalDorsal consonant Dorsal consonants are articulated with the mid body of the tongue.... RadicalRadical consonant Radical consonants are articulated with the root of the tongue in the throat.... GlottalGlottal consonant Glottal consonants are consonants articulated with the glottis.... AlveolarAlveolar consonant Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that be... lateralsFacts About Lateral consonant Laterals are "L"-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from th... BilabialBilabial consonant In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips.... Labio- dentalLabiodental consonant In phonetics, labiodentals are consonants articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.... DentalDental consonant Dentals are consonants such as t, d, n, and l articulated with either the lower teeth, the upper teeth, or b... AlveolarAlveolar consonant Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that be... Retro- flexRetroflex consonant In phonetics, retroflex consonants are consonant sounds used in some languages.... Palato- alveolar PalatalPalatal consonant Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate .... VelarVelar consonant Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue... UvularUvular consonant Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mout... Labio- velarLabiovelar consonant The term labiovelar is ambiguous. It may mean labial-velar, or it may mean labialized velar.... Pharyn- gealPharyngeal consonant A pharyngeal consonant is a type of consonant which is articulated with the root of the tongue against the pharynx.... Manner of articulationManner of articulation In linguistics , manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs involved in making a sound m... ? NasalsFacts About Nasal consonant A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing a... m M n[ n n. n^ N n" n<lbv> StopsStop consonant A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract.... p b t[ d[ t d t. d. c J k g q G t<lbv> d<lbv> ? FricativesFricative consonant Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.... P B f v T D s z s. z. S Z C C<vcd> x Q X g" w<vls> w H H<vcd> h s z ApproximantsApproximant consonant Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants.... r<lbd> r[ r r. j j<vel> g" w h LateralsLateral consonant Laterals are "L"-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from th... l[ l l. l^ L TrillsTrill consonant Overview In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the articulator and the place of articulation.... b<trl> r<trl> r" FlapsFlap consonant In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles... * *. *<lat> EjectivesEjective consonant Ejective consonants are a class of consonants which may contrast with aspirated or tenuis consonants in a language.... p` t[` t` c` k` q` ImplosivesImplosive consonant Implosive consonants are plosives with a glottalic ingressive airstream mechanism.... b` d` d` J` g` G` ClicksClick consonant Clicks are stops produced with two articulatory closures in the oral cavity.... p! t! c! c! k! l! Vowel chart Kirshenbaum simplified chart of vowelVowel In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract so tha... s (the paired signs are unrounded/rounded vowels; symbols in parentheses designate vowels that exist in some spoken languageSpoken language A spoken language is a human natural language in which the words are uttered through the mouth.... s, but do not have IPA signs) FrontFront vowel A front vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.... CentralCentral vowel A central vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.... BackBack vowel A back vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.... RhoticFacts About R-colored vowel In phonetics, an r-colored vowel or rhotacized vowel is a vowel either with the tip or blade of the tongue turned up d... CloseClose vowel A close vowel is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages.... i y i" u" u- u Near-closeNear-close vowel A near-close vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.... I I. (U-) U Close-midClose-mid vowel A close-mid vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.... e Y @<umd> @. o- o R<umd> MidMid vowel A mid vowel is a vowel sound used in some spoken languages.... @ R Open-midOpen-mid vowel The open-mid vowels make a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages.... E W V" O" V O Near-openNear-open vowel A near-open vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.... & &" (no symbols) OpenOpen vowel An open vowel is a vowel sound of a type used in most spoken languages.... a a. (a" A".) A A. Vowel modifiers and diacritics Modifiers and diacritics follow the symbol they modify. Modifier/diacritic Meaning ~ NasalizedNasal vowel A nasal vowel is a vowel that is produced with a lowering of the velum so that air escapes both through the mouth and the no... : LongVowel length , [[Hawaiian lan... - Unrounded . Rounded " CentralizedCentral vowel A central vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.... <?> Murmured <r> RhoticizedR-colored vowel In phonetics, an r-colored vowel or rhotacized vowel is a vowel either with the tip or blade of the tongue turned up d... Stress is indicated by ' for primary stress, and , for secondary stress, placed before the stressed syllable. See also International Phonetic AlphabetInternational Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists.... SAMPASAMPA The Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characte... X-SAMPAX-SAMPA The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C.... International Phonetic Alphabet for EnglishInternational Phonetic Alphabet for English Symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet as used for English.... IPA chart for EnglishIPA chart for English This chart shows concisely the most common way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet is applied to represent the Engl... External links >