Kings of Sparta
Encyclopedia
Sparta
Sparta
Sparta or Lacedaemon, was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece, situated on the banks of the River Eurotas in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. It emerged as a political entity around the 10th century BC, when the invading Dorians subjugated the local, non-Dorian population. From c...

was an important Greek
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece is a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity. Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Included in Ancient Greece is the...

 city-state
Polis
Polis , plural poleis , literally means city in Greek. It could also mean citizenship and body of citizens. In modern historiography "polis" is normally used to indicate the ancient Greek city-states, like Classical Athens and its contemporaries, so polis is often translated as "city-state."The...

 in the Peloponnesus. It was unusual among Greek city-states in that it maintained its kingship past the Archaic age
Archaic period in Greece
The Archaic period in Greece was a period of ancient Greek history that followed the Greek Dark Ages. This period saw the rise of the polis and the founding of colonies, as well as the first inklings of classical philosophy, theatre in the form of tragedies performed during Dionysia, and written...

. It was even more unusual in that it had two kings simultaneously
Diarchy
Diarchy , from the Greek δι- "twice" and αρχια, "rule", is a form of government in which two individuals, the diarchs, are the heads of state. In most diarchies, the diarchs hold their position for life and pass the responsibilities and power of the position to their children or family when they...

, coming from two separate lines
Dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers considered members of the same family. Historians traditionally consider many sovereign states' history within a framework of successive dynasties, e.g., China, Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire...

. According to tradition, the two lines, the Agiads and Eurypontids, were respectively descended from the twins Eurysthenes
Eurysthenes
In Greek legend, Eurysthenes was one of the Heracleidae, a great-great-great-grandson of Heracles, and a son of Aristodemus and Argia. His twin was Procles. Together they received the land of Lacedaemon after Cresphontes, Temenus and Aristodemus defeated Tisamenus, the last Achaean king of the...

 and Procles
Procles
In Greek legend, Procles was one of the Heracleidae, a great-great-great-grandson of Heracles, and a son of Aristodemus and Argia. His twin was Eurysthenes. Together they received the land of Lacedaemon after Cresphontes, Temenus and Aristodemus defeated Tisamenus, the last Achaean king of the...

, the descendants of Heracles
Heracles
Heracles ,born Alcaeus or Alcides , was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, foster son of Amphitryon and great-grandson of Perseus...

 who supposedly conquered Sparta two generations after the Trojan War
Trojan War
In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, the king of Sparta. The war is among the most important events in Greek mythology and was narrated in many works of Greek literature, including the Iliad...

. The Agiad line was regarded as being senior to the Eurypontid line. Although there are lists of the earlier purported Kings of Sparta, there is little evidence for the existence of any kings before the middle of the 6th century BC or so. Spartan kings received a recurring posthumous hero cult like that of the Dorian kings of Cyrene.

Mythical Kings

The ancient Greeks named males after their fathers, producing a patronymic
Patronymic
A patronym, or patronymic, is a component of a personal name based on the name of one's father, grandfather or an even earlier male ancestor. A component of a name based on the name of one's mother or a female ancestor is a matronymic. Each is a means of conveying lineage.In many areas patronyms...

 by infixing -id-; for example, the sons of Atreus were the Atreids. In the case of royal houses the patronymic formed from the founder or an early siginificant figure became the name of the dynasty. A ruling family might in this way have a number of dynastic names; for example, Agis I named the Agiads, but he was a Heraclid, and so were his descendants.

In cases where the descent was not known or was scantily known the Greeks made a few standard assumptions based on their cultural ideology. A people was treated as a tribe, presumed to have descended from an ancestor bearing its name. He must have been a king, who founded a dynasty of his name. This mythologizing extended even to place names. They were presumed to have been named after kings and divinities. Kings often became divinities, in their religion.

Lelegids

The Lelegids were the descendants of Lelex (a back formation), ancestor of the Leleges
Leleges
The Leleges were one of the aboriginal peoples of southwest Anatolia , who were already there when the Indo-European Hellenes emerged. The distinction between the Leleges and the Carians is unclear. According to Homer the Leleges were a distinct Anatolian tribe Homer...

, a Pelasgian tribe inhabiting the Eurotas valley before the Greeks, who, according to the mythological descent, amalgamated with the Greeks.
  • Lelex
    Lelex
    In Greek mythology, Lelex was a King of Laconia. He was married to the Naiad nymph, Cleochareia. He had several sons, including Myles, Polycaon, Pterelaus, and Cteson. The parentage of Lelex is variously stated...

    , a son of Poseidon
    Poseidon
    Poseidon was the god of the sea, and, as "Earth-Shaker," of the earthquakes in Greek mythology. The name of the sea-god Nethuns in Etruscan was adopted in Latin for Neptune in Roman mythology: both were sea gods analogous to Poseidon...

     or Helios
    Helios
    Helios was the personification of the Sun in Greek mythology. Homer often calls him simply Titan or Hyperion, while Hesiod and the Homeric Hymn separate him as a son of the Titans Hyperion and Theia or Euryphaessa and brother of the goddesses Selene, the moon, and Eos, the dawn...

    , or he was said to be autochthonous — c.1600 BC
  • Myles
    Myles
    In Greek mythology, Myles was brother to Polycaon, and was the father of Eurotas who fathered Sparta after whom the city of Sparta was named. After his father died, Myles ruled Laconia. During Myles' life, he was often referred to and known as the Miller; hence he has been regarded as the inventor...

    , a son of Lelex
    Lelex
    In Greek mythology, Lelex was a King of Laconia. He was married to the Naiad nymph, Cleochareia. He had several sons, including Myles, Polycaon, Pterelaus, and Cteson. The parentage of Lelex is variously stated...

  • Eurotas
    Eurotas
    In Greek mythology, Eurotas was a son of Myles and grandson of Lelex, eponymous ancestor of the Leleges, the pre-Greek people residing, in the myth, in the Eurotas Valley. He had no male heir, but he did have a daughter, Sparta. Eurotas bequeathed the kingdom to her husband, Lacedaemon, the son of...

    , a son of Myles
    Myles
    In Greek mythology, Myles was brother to Polycaon, and was the father of Eurotas who fathered Sparta after whom the city of Sparta was named. After his father died, Myles ruled Laconia. During Myles' life, he was often referred to and known as the Miller; hence he has been regarded as the inventor...

    , father of Sparta
    Sparta (mythology)
    In Greek mythology, Sparta was the daughter of Eurotas by Clete. She was wife of Lacedaemon by whom she became the mother of Amyclas and Eurydice of Argos . The city of Sparta is said to have been named after her; however, the city was often called Lacedaemon as well. The two names were used...


Lacedaemonids

The Lacedaemonids contain Greeks from the age of legend, now treated as being the Bronze Age in Greece. In the language of mythologic descent, the kingship passed from the Leleges to the Greeks.
  • Lacedaemon
    Lacedaemon (mythology)
    In Greek mythology, Lacedaemon was a son of Zeus and the Pleaid Taygete. He was father of Amyclas and Eurydice of Argos, by Sparta, the daughter of Eurotas....

    , a son of Zeus, husband of Sparta
    Sparta (mythology)
    In Greek mythology, Sparta was the daughter of Eurotas by Clete. She was wife of Lacedaemon by whom she became the mother of Amyclas and Eurydice of Argos . The city of Sparta is said to have been named after her; however, the city was often called Lacedaemon as well. The two names were used...

  • Amyklas
    Amyclas
    In Greek mythology, Amyclas refers to three individuals:*Amyclas was the son of Lacedemon and Sparta, and he was the brother of Eurydice . According to Pseudo-Apollodorus, he was the father of Hyacinth and Cynortas; according to Pausanias, he was also the father of Laodamia or Leaneira, wife of...

    , a son of Lacedaemon
    Lacedaemon (mythology)
    In Greek mythology, Lacedaemon was a son of Zeus and the Pleaid Taygete. He was father of Amyclas and Eurydice of Argos, by Sparta, the daughter of Eurotas....

    . He founded Amyklai
    Amykles
    Amykles is a village and an archaeological site located southwest of Sparta. According to some sources, the ancient city was founded by Amyclas, the son of Lacedaemon....

  • Argalus, a son of Amyklas
    Amyclas
    In Greek mythology, Amyclas refers to three individuals:*Amyclas was the son of Lacedemon and Sparta, and he was the brother of Eurydice . According to Pseudo-Apollodorus, he was the father of Hyacinth and Cynortas; according to Pausanias, he was also the father of Laodamia or Leaneira, wife of...

  • Kynortas
    Cynortas
    In Greek mythology, Cynortas or Cynortes was a king of Sparta. He was a son of Amyclas and Diomede, brother of Argalus and Hyacinthus and the father of Oebalus or of Perieres. His tomb was shown near Scias at Sparta.-External links:*...

    , a son of Amyklas
    Amyclas
    In Greek mythology, Amyclas refers to three individuals:*Amyclas was the son of Lacedemon and Sparta, and he was the brother of Eurydice . According to Pseudo-Apollodorus, he was the father of Hyacinth and Cynortas; according to Pausanias, he was also the father of Laodamia or Leaneira, wife of...

  • Oibalos
    Oebalus
    In Greek mythology, King Oebalus or Oibalos of Sparta, son of Cynortas, was the second husband of Gorgophone. With her, he fathered Tyndareus, Icarius and Hippocoon , as well as a daughter, Arene, who married her half-brother Aphareus...

    , a son of Kynortas
    Cynortas
    In Greek mythology, Cynortas or Cynortes was a king of Sparta. He was a son of Amyclas and Diomede, brother of Argalus and Hyacinthus and the father of Oebalus or of Perieres. His tomb was shown near Scias at Sparta.-External links:*...

  • Tyndareos
    Tyndareus
    In Greek mythology, Tyndareus or Tyndareos was a Spartan king, son of Oebalus and Gorgophone , husband of Leda and father of Helen, Castor and Polydeuces, Clytemnestra, Timandra, Phoebe and Philonoe.Tyndareus had a brother named Hippocoon , who seized power and exiled Tyndareus...

     (First reign), a son of Oibalos
    Oebalus
    In Greek mythology, King Oebalus or Oibalos of Sparta, son of Cynortas, was the second husband of Gorgophone. With her, he fathered Tyndareus, Icarius and Hippocoon , as well as a daughter, Arene, who married her half-brother Aphareus...

     and father of Helen
  • Hippocoon
    Hippocoon
    In Greek mythology, the name Hippocoön refers to several characters:*A son of the Spartan King Oebalus and Bateia. His brothers were Tyndareus and Icarius. When their father died, Tyndareus became king. Hippocoön, with the help of his sons, overthrew him, took the throne and expelled his...

    , a son of Oibalos
    Oebalus
    In Greek mythology, King Oebalus or Oibalos of Sparta, son of Cynortas, was the second husband of Gorgophone. With her, he fathered Tyndareus, Icarius and Hippocoon , as well as a daughter, Arene, who married her half-brother Aphareus...

     and brother of Tyndareos
    Tyndareus
    In Greek mythology, Tyndareus or Tyndareos was a Spartan king, son of Oebalus and Gorgophone , husband of Leda and father of Helen, Castor and Polydeuces, Clytemnestra, Timandra, Phoebe and Philonoe.Tyndareus had a brother named Hippocoon , who seized power and exiled Tyndareus...

  • Tyndareos
    Tyndareus
    In Greek mythology, Tyndareus or Tyndareos was a Spartan king, son of Oebalus and Gorgophone , husband of Leda and father of Helen, Castor and Polydeuces, Clytemnestra, Timandra, Phoebe and Philonoe.Tyndareus had a brother named Hippocoon , who seized power and exiled Tyndareus...

     (Second reign)

Atreids

The Atreidai (Latin Atreidae) belong to the Late Bronze Age, or Mycenaean Period
Mycenaean Greece
Mycenaean Greece was a cultural period of Bronze Age Greece taking its name from the archaeological site of Mycenae in northeastern Argolis, in the Peloponnese of southern Greece. Athens, Pylos, Thebes, and Tiryns are also important Mycenaean sites...

. In mythology these were the Perseids
Perseids
The Perseids are a prolific meteor shower associated with the comet Swift-Tuttle. The Perseids are so-called because the point from which they appear to come, called the radiant, lies in the constellation Perseus. The name derives in part from the word Perseides , a term found in Greek mythology...

. As the name of Atreus
Atreus
In Greek mythology, Atreus was a king of Mycenae, the son of Pelops and Hippodamia, and the father of Agamemnon and Menelaus. Collectively, his descendants are known as Atreidai or Atreidae....

 is attested in Hittite documents, this dynasty may well be proto-historic.
  • Menelaus
    Menelaus
    Menelaus may refer to;*Menelaus, one of the two most known Atrides, a king of Sparta and son of Atreus and Aerope*Menelaus on the Moon, named after Menelaus of Alexandria.*Menelaus , brother of Ptolemy I Soter...

    , a son of Atreus
    Atreus
    In Greek mythology, Atreus was a king of Mycenae, the son of Pelops and Hippodamia, and the father of Agamemnon and Menelaus. Collectively, his descendants are known as Atreidai or Atreidae....

     and husband of Helen — c.1250 BC
  • Orestes
    Orestes
    Orestes was the son of Agamemnon in Greek mythology; Orestes may also refer to:Drama*Orestes , by Euripides*Orestes, the character in Sophocles' tragedy Electra*Orestes, the character in Aeschylus' trilogy of tragedies, Oresteia...

    , a son of Agamemnon
    Agamemnon
    In Greek mythology, Agamemnon was the son of King Atreus and Queen Aerope of Mycenae, the brother of Menelaus, the husband of Clytemnestra, and the father of Electra and Orestes. Mythical legends make him the king of Mycenae or Argos, thought to be different names for the same area...

     and nephew of Menelaus
    Menelaus
    Menelaus may refer to;*Menelaus, one of the two most known Atrides, a king of Sparta and son of Atreus and Aerope*Menelaus on the Moon, named after Menelaus of Alexandria.*Menelaus , brother of Ptolemy I Soter...

     — c.1200 BC
  • Tisamenos
    Tisamenus
    Tisamenus or Tissamenus in Greek mythology, was a son of Orestes and Hermione. He succeeded his father to the thrones of Argos, Mycenae and Sparta and was later killed in the final battle with the Heracleidae. The latter were led by Aristodemus, Cresphontes, Oxylus, Temenus and sought to retake...

    , a son of Orestes
    Orestes
    Orestes was the son of Agamemnon in Greek mythology; Orestes may also refer to:Drama*Orestes , by Euripides*Orestes, the character in Sophocles' tragedy Electra*Orestes, the character in Aeschylus' trilogy of tragedies, Oresteia...

  • Dion
    Dion (mythology)
    In Greek mythology, Dion was a King in Laconia and husband of Amphithea, the daughter of Pronax. Apollo, who had been kindly received by Dion and Amphithea, rewarded them by conferring upon their three daughters, Orphe, Lyco, and Carya, the gift of prophecy, on condition, however, that they should...

    , husband of Iphitea
    Amphithea
    Amphithea is the name of four women in Greek mythology:1. Amphithea, wife of Lycurgus, king of Nemea, and mother of Opheltes . Also known as Eurydice....

    , the daughter of Prognaus
    Pronax
    In Greek mythology, Pronax is the son of Talaus and Lysimache, and brother of Adrastus. The Nemean Games are supposed to have been instituted in his honour....

     — c.1200 BC
  • unknown

Pre-Spartan Heraclids

The Heracleidae
Heracleidae
In Greek mythology, the Heracleidae or Heraclids were the numerous descendants of Heracles , especially applied in a narrower sense to the descendants of Hyllus, the eldest of his four sons by Deianira Other Heracleidae included Macaria, Lamos, Manto, Bianor, Tlepolemus, and Telephus...

 were the descendants of Heracles
Heracles
Heracles ,born Alcaeus or Alcides , was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, foster son of Amphitryon and great-grandson of Perseus...

, who counted himself a Perseid through his mother, but had a questionable descent through his father, Zeus. Disallowed the Peloponnesus, he embarked on a life of wandering. His descendants viewed themselves as returning to claim the Perseid legacy.
  • Aristodemos
    Aristodemus
    In Greek mythology, Aristodemus was an Heracleidae, son of Aristomachus and brother of Cresphontes and Temenus. He was a great-great-grandson of Heracles and helped lead the fifth and final attack on Mycenae in the Peloponnesus....

    , a son of Aristomachus and husband of Argeia

Cadmid

Any Cadmid
Cadmus
Cadmus or Kadmos , in Greek mythology was a Phoenician prince, the son of king Agenor and queen Telephassa of Tyre and the brother of Phoenix, Cilix and Europa. He was originally sent by his royal parents to seek out and escort his sister Europa back to Tyre after she was abducted from the shores...

 has to be of Theban descent. Apart from this one incident, the Cadmids played no role in Sparta.
  • Theras (regent
    Regent
    A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...

    ), a son of Autesion
    Autesion
    In Greek mythology, Autesion – the son of Tisamenus, the grandson of Thersander and Demonassa and the great-grandson of Polynices and Argea – was a king of Thebes....

     and the brother of Aristodemos
    Aristodemus
    In Greek mythology, Aristodemus was an Heracleidae, son of Aristomachus and brother of Cresphontes and Temenus. He was a great-great-grandson of Heracles and helped lead the fifth and final attack on Mycenae in the Peloponnesus....

    ' wife Argeia

Spartan Heraclids

The Spartan kings claimed descent from Heracles. They became ascendant in the Eurotas valley with the Dorians, who at least in legend entered it during an invasion called the return of the Heracleidae, driving out the Atreids and at least some of the Mycenaean population.

Agiad dynasty

The first Agiad was Echestratus, named for his father, Agis. The first king of the line, however, was Eurysthenes.
  • Eurysthenes
    Eurysthenes
    In Greek legend, Eurysthenes was one of the Heracleidae, a great-great-great-grandson of Heracles, and a son of Aristodemus and Argia. His twin was Procles. Together they received the land of Lacedaemon after Cresphontes, Temenus and Aristodemus defeated Tisamenus, the last Achaean king of the...

     ? - c.930 BC
  • Agis I
    Agis I
    Agis I was a legendary king of Sparta and eponym of the Agiad dynasty. He was the son of Eurysthenes, first monarch of this dynasty, which ruled the city along with the Eurypontids. His genealogy was traced through Aristodemus, Aristomachus, Cleodaeus and Hyllus all the way to Heracles, and he...

     c.930 - c.900 BC
  • Echestratus
    Echestratus
    Echestratus was King of Sparta from about 900 to 870 BC. He was a son of Agis I, and third of the Agiad line of Spartan kings.In his reign the district of Cynuria on the Argive border was reduced. He was the father of Labotas or Leobotes, king of Sparta. his grandson was Doryssus....

     c.900 - c.870 BC
  • Labotas c.870 - c.840 BC
  • Doryssus
    Doryssus
    Doryssus or Dorissus or Doriagus was a king of ancient Sparta. Pausanias identified him as the son of Labotas or Leobotes and the father of Agesilaus I. He was killed in battle between the Spartans and the Argives.-References:...

     c.840 - c.820 BC
  • Agesilaus I
    Agesilaus I
    Agesilaus I , son of Doryssus, was the sixth king of the Agiad line at Sparta, excluding Aristodemus. According to Apollodorus, reigned forty-four years, and died in 886 BC. Pausanias makes his reign a short one, but contemporary with the legislation of Lycurgus. He was succeeded by his son...

     c.820 - c.790 BC
  • Archelaus
    Archelaus
    - Historical persons :*Archelaus , pupil of Anaxagoras, 5th century BC*Archelaus I of Macedon, reigned 413-399 BC*Archelaus , fought in the First, Second and Third Mithridatic Wars...

     c.790 - c.760 BC
  • Teleclus
    Teleclus
    Teleclus or Teleklos was a king of Sparta during the eighth century BC. He was the son of King Archelaus and grandson of King Agesilaus I....

     c.760 - c.758 BC
  • Alcamenes
    Alcmenes
    Alcmenes or Alcamenes, Alkamenos, was the king of Sparta, of the Agiad dynasty, from c. 740 to c. 700 BC. According to Pausanias, he was a commander in the night-expedition against Ampheia, which began the First Messenian War, but died before its 4th year...

     c.758 - c.741 BC
  • Polydorus
    Polydorus
    In Greek mythology, Polydorus referred to several different people.*An Argive, son of Hippomedon...

     c.741 - c.665 BC
  • Eurycrates
    Eurycrates
    Eurycrates or Eurykrates was a king of the Greek city state of Sparta, one of the Agiad kings, who was preceded by his father Polydorus and followed by his son Anaxander. He ruled from 665 to 640 BC....

     c.665 - c.640 BC
  • Anaxander
    Anaxander
    Anaxander or Anaxandros was king of Sparta .He was 12th of the Agids line of Spartan kings, son of Eurycrates and father to Eurycratides.-References:*http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0172.html...

     c.640 - c.615 BC
  • Eurycratides
    Eurycratides
    Eurycratides was a king of Sparta from the Agiad dynasty whose reign began in around 615 BC. He was the thirteenth king of his line having succeeded his father Anaxander. His name is derived from the Greek: "Ευρύ" - "eury", meaning "wide". He reigned during a devastating period of war with Tegea...

     c.615 - c.590 BC
  • Lindius
    Leon (king of Sparta)
    Leon , was King of Sparta from 590 to 560 BC."Leon" means lion. He was the son of Eurycratides and like him was mentioned in the seventh book of The Histories by Herodotus. He is said to have, like his father, fought to a draw with the Tegeans.He was succeeded on the throne by Anaxandridas II,...

     c.590 - 560 BC
  • Anaxandridas II
    Anaxandridas II
    Anaxandridas II was a king of Sparta, son of Leon, between 560 to 525 BC. At the time when Croesus sent his embassy to form alliance with " the mightiest of the Greeks," i. e. about 554, the war with Tegea, which in the late reigns went against them, had now been decided in the Spartans' favour,...

     c.560 - c.520 BC
  • Cleomenes I
    Cleomenes I
    Cleomenes or Kleomenes was an Agiad King of Sparta in the late 6th and early 5th centuries BC. During his reign, which started around 520 BC, he pursued an adventurous and at times unscrupulous foreign policy aimed at crushing Argos and extending Sparta's influence both inside and outside the...

     c.520 - c.490 BC
    490 BC
    Year 490 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Camerinus and Flavus...

  • Leonidas I
    Leonidas I
    Leonidas I was a hero-king of Sparta, the 17th of the Agiad line, one of the sons of King Anaxandridas II of Sparta, who was believed in mythology to be a descendant of Heracles, possessing much of the latter's strength and bravery...

     c.490
    490 BC
    Year 490 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Camerinus and Flavus...

     - 480 BC
    480 BC
    Year 480 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vibulanus and Cincinnatus...

  • Pleistarchus
    Pleistarchus
    Pleistarchus or Plistarch was the Agiad King of Sparta from 480 to 458 BC. He was the son of Leonidas I and Gorgo. For the early part of his reign, his cousin Pausanias, acted as regent because Pleistarchus was not of age.-Popular culture:...

     480
    480 BC
    Year 480 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vibulanus and Cincinnatus...

     - c.459 BC
    459 BC
    Year 459 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vibulanus and Uritinus...

  • Pleistoanax
    Pleistoanax
    Pleistoanax was an Agiad King of Sparta. He was the son of regent Pausanias, who was disgraced for conspiring with Xerxes. Pleistoanax was most anxious for peace during the so-called First Peloponnesian War...

     c.459
    459 BC
    Year 459 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vibulanus and Uritinus...

     - 409 BC
    409 BC
    Year 409 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cossus and Medullinus...

  • Pausanias
    Pausanias of Sparta
    Pausanias King of Sparta from 409 BC. He was in frequent conflict with the Ephors. Aristotle said that he tried to overthrow them. Army leader Lysander sent a letter to him, requesting help against Thebes, but it was intercepted...

     409
    409 BC
    Year 409 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cossus and Medullinus...

     - 395 BC
    395 BC
    Year 395 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Cossus, Medullinus, Scipio, Fidenas, Ambustus and Lactucinus...

  • Agesipolis I
    Agesipolis I
    Agesipolis I was the twenty-first of the kings of the Agiad dynasty in ancient Sparta.Agesipolis succeeded his father Pausanias, while still a minor, in 394 BC, and reigned fourteen years. Upon the death of Pausanias, Agesipolis and his brother, Cleombrotus I, were both placed under the...

     395
    395 BC
    Year 395 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Cossus, Medullinus, Scipio, Fidenas, Ambustus and Lactucinus...

     - 380 BC
    380 BC
    Year 380 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Poplicola, Poplicola, Maluginensis, Lanatus, Peticus, Mamercinus, Fidenas, Crassus and Mugillanus...

  • Cleombrotus I
    Cleombrotus I
    Cleombrotus I was a Spartan king of the Agiad line, reigning from 380 BC until 371 BC. Little is known of Cleombrotus' early life. Son of Pausanias, he became king of Sparta after the death of his brother Agesipolis I in 380 BC, and led the allied Spartan-Peloponnesian army against the Thebans...

     380
    380 BC
    Year 380 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Poplicola, Poplicola, Maluginensis, Lanatus, Peticus, Mamercinus, Fidenas, Crassus and Mugillanus...

     - 371 BC
    371 BC
    Year 371 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Fifth year without Tribunate or Consulship...

  • Agesipolis II
    Agesipolis II
    Agesipolis II , son of the king Cleombrotus I, succeeded his father and reigned as Agiad King of Sparta. His rule was exceedingly brief, from, at most, 371 until his death in 369 BC. He was succeeded by his brother Cleomenes II....

     371
    371 BC
    Year 371 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Fifth year without Tribunate or Consulship...

     - 370 BC
    370 BC
    Year 370 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Capitolinus, Medullinus, Praetextatus, Cornelius, Volusus and Poplicola...

  • Cleomenes II
    Cleomenes II
    Cleomenes II was Agiad King of Sparta from 369 to 309 BC. The son of Cleombrotus I, he succeeded his brother Agesipolis II. He was the father of Acrotatus I, the father of Areus I, and of Cleonymus, the father of Leonidas II....

     370
    370 BC
    Year 370 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Capitolinus, Medullinus, Praetextatus, Cornelius, Volusus and Poplicola...

     - 309 BC
    309 BC
    Year 309 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Dictatorship of Cursor...

  • Areus I
    Areus I
    Areus I was Agiad King of Sparta from 309 to 265 BC, who died in battle near Corinth during the Chremonidean War. He was the grandson of Cleomenes II and was succeeded by his son Acrotatus II.-Military Success:...

     309
    309 BC
    Year 309 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Dictatorship of Cursor...

     - 265 BC
    265 BC
    Year 265 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gurges and Vitulus...

  • Acrotatus II 265
    265 BC
    Year 265 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gurges and Vitulus...

     - 262 BC
    262 BC
    Year 262 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Megellus och Vitulus...

  • Areus II
    Areus II
    Areus II was King of Sparta, of the Agiad dynasty, from 262 to 254 BC. He was the son of Acrotatus II and was succeeded by his first cousin once removed Leonidas II....

     262
    262 BC
    Year 262 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Megellus och Vitulus...

     - 254 BC
    254 BC
    Year 254 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Asina and Calatinus...

  • Leonidas II
    Leonidas II
    Leonidas II , was Agiad King of Sparta from 254 to 235 BC. He was raised at the Persian Court, and according to Plutarch's Life of Agis IV, he married a Persian woman. According to other sources, this non-Spartan wife was actually a Seleucid, possibly the daughter of Seleucus I Nicator by his...

     254
    254 BC
    Year 254 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Asina and Calatinus...

     - 235 BC
    235 BC
    Year 235 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Torquatus and Bulbus...

  • Cleomenes III
    Cleomenes III
    Cleomenes III was the King of Sparta from 235-222 BC. He succeeded to the Agiad throne of Sparta after his father, Leonidas II in 235 BC.From 229 BC to 222 BC, Cleomenes waged war against the Achaean League under Aratus of Sicyon. Domestically, he is known for his attempt to reform the Spartan state...

     235
    235 BC
    Year 235 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Torquatus and Bulbus...

     - 222 BC
    222 BC
    Year 222 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcellus and Calvus...



Eurypontid dynasty

Not shown is Lycurgus
Lycurgus
Lycurgus or Lykurgus may refer to:People:* Historical:** Lycurgus of Sparta, creator of constitution of Sparta** Lycurgus of Athens, one of the ten notable orators at Athens,...

, the lawgiver, a younger son of the Eurypontids, who served a brief regency either for the infant Charilaus or for Labotas the Agiad as a child. The first Euypontid is Prytanis, named for his father Eurypon. The line of kings, however, starts two kings earlier.
  • Procles
    Procles
    In Greek legend, Procles was one of the Heracleidae, a great-great-great-grandson of Heracles, and a son of Aristodemus and Argia. His twin was Eurysthenes. Together they received the land of Lacedaemon after Cresphontes, Temenus and Aristodemus defeated Tisamenus, the last Achaean king of the...

     - c.930 BC
  • Soos
    Soos
    Soos was a partially mythological king of Sparta. According to Pausanias son of Procles and father of Eurypon. His name means stability a key concept for Spartan identity - such personifications of concepts are typical of orally transmitted lists...

     ? - c.890 BC
  • Eurypon
    Eurypon
    Eurypon, otherwise called Eurytion , son of Soos and grandson of Procles, was the third king of that house at Sparta, and thenceforward gave it the name of Eurypontidae....

     c.890 - c.860 BC
  • Prytanis c.860 - c.830 BC
  • Polydectes c.830 - c.800 BC
  • Eunomus c.800 - c.780 BC
  • Charilaus
    Charilaus
    Charilaus, also given as Charillus, was a king of Sparta in the early-mid 8th century BC. He is generally shown as the successor of his grandfather Polydectes, though Pausanias implies that Charilaus' father Eunomus preceded Charilaus....

     c.780 - c.750 BC
  • Nicander c.750 - c.725 BC
  • Theopompus c.725 - c.675 BC
  • Anaxandridas I c.675 - c.645 BC
  • Zeuxidamus
    Zeuxidamus
    Zeuxidamus can refer to two ancient Spartans.#A king of Sparta, and tenth of the Eurypontid dynasty. He was grandson of Theopompus, son of Anaxandridas I, and father of Anaxidamus, who succeeded him....

     c.645 - c.625 BC
  • Anaxidamus
    Anaxidamus
    Anaxidamus was a king of Sparta, 11th of the Eurypontids.He was the son of Zeuxidamus and contemporary with Anaxander, and lived to the conclusion of the Messenian Wars, 668 BC He was succeeded by his son Archidamus I.----...

     c.625 - c.600 BC
  • Archidamus I
    Archidamus I
    Archidamus I was a king of Sparta, 12th of the Eurypontids.He was a son of Anaxidamus and contemporary with the Tegeatan War, which followed soon after the end of the second Messenian, in 668 BC. He married Lampito, the daughter of his grandfather Leotychides, who gave birth to his son by whom he...

     c.600 - c.575 BC
  • Agasicles
    Agasicles
    Agasicles, Agesicles or Hegesicles was a king of Sparta, the thirteenth of the line of Procles.He was contemporary with the Agid Leon, and succeeded his father Archidamus I, probably about 590 BC or 600. During his reign the Lacedaemonians carried on an unsuccessful war against Tegea, but...

     c.575 - c.550 BC
  • Ariston c.550 - c.515 BC
  • Demaratus
    Demaratus
    Demaratus was a king of Sparta from 515 until 491 BC, of the Eurypontid line, successor to his father Ariston. As king, he is known chiefly for his opposition to the other, co-ruling Spartan king, Cleomenes I.-Biography:...

     c.515 - c.491 BC
    491 BC
    Year 491 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augurinus and Atratinus...

  • Leotychidas
    Leotychidas
    Leotychidas [Leotychides, Latychidas] was a ruler of Sparta 491 BC-476 BC. He led Spartan forces during the Persian Wars from 490 BC to 478 BC...

     c.491
    491 BC
    Year 491 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augurinus and Atratinus...

     - 469 BC
    469 BC
    Year 469 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Priscus and Caeliomontanus...

  • Archidamus II
    Archidamus II
    Archidamus II was a king of Sparta who reigned from approximately 476 BC to 427 BC. He was of the Eurypontid dynasty. His father was Zeuxidamus , who died before his father, Leotychidas, after having his son, Archidamus....

     469
    469 BC
    Year 469 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Priscus and Caeliomontanus...

     - 427 BC
    427 BC
    Year 427 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ahala and Mugillanus...

  • Agis II
    Agis II
    Agis II was the 17th Eurypontid king of Sparta, the eldest son of Archidamus II by his first wife, and half-brother of Agesilaus II. He ruled with his Agiad co-monarch Pausanias....

     427
    427 BC
    Year 427 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ahala and Mugillanus...

     - 401
    401 BC
    Year 401 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Potitus, Cossus, Camillus, Ambustus, Mamercinus and Iullus...

    /400 BC
    400 BC
    Year 400 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Esquilinus, Capitolinus, Vulso, Medullinus, Saccus and Vulscus...

  • Agesilaus II
    Agesilaus II
    Agesilaus II, or Agesilaos II was a king of Sparta, of the Eurypontid dynasty, ruling from approximately 400 BC to 360 BC, during most of which time he was, in Plutarch's words, "as good as thought commander and king of all Greece," and was for the whole of it greatly identified with his...

     401
    401 BC
    Year 401 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Potitus, Cossus, Camillus, Ambustus, Mamercinus and Iullus...

    /400
    400 BC
    Year 400 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Esquilinus, Capitolinus, Vulso, Medullinus, Saccus and Vulscus...

     - 360 BC
    360 BC
    Year 360 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ambustus and Visolus...

  • Archidamus III
    Archidamus III
    Archidamus III , the son of Agesilaus II, was king of Sparta from 360 BC to 338 BC.While still a prince, he was the eispnelas of Cleonymus, son of Sphodrias. He interceded with his own father to spare his aites' father's life in a legal matter, an action which further intensified friction between...

     360
    360 BC
    Year 360 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ambustus and Visolus...

     - 338 BC
    338 BC
    Year 338 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Camillus and Maenius...

  • Agis III
    Agis III
    Agis III , son of Archidamus III, was the 20th Eurypontid king of Sparta.He succeeded his father in 338 BC, on the very day of the battle of Chaeronea...

     338
    338 BC
    Year 338 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Camillus and Maenius...

     - 331 BC
    331 BC
    Year 331 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Potitus and Marcellus...

  • Eudamidas I
    Eudamidas I
    Eudamidas I was a Spartan king of the Eurypontid line, son of Archidamus III and brother of Agis III, whom he succeeded. He married the wealthy Arachidamia, and she had two children, Archidamus IV and Agesistrata....

     331
    331 BC
    Year 331 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Potitus and Marcellus...

     - c.305 BC
    305 BC
    Year 305 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Megellus and Augurinus...

  • Archidamus IV
    Archidamus IV
    Archidamus IV was a king of Sparta from 305 BC to c. 275 BC. He was the 23rd of the Eurypontids, the son of Eudamidas I and Arachidamia and the brother of Agesistrata, the nephew of Agis III and the grandson of Archidamus III. In 296 BC he was defeated by Demetrius Poliorcetes. He was succeded by...

     c.305
    305 BC
    Year 305 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Megellus and Augurinus...

     - c.275 BC
    275 BC
    Year 275 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dentatus and Caudinus...

  • Eudamidas II
    Eudamidas II
    Eudamidas II was the 24th King of Sparta of the Eurypontid dynasty. He was the son of King Archidamus IV, nephew of Agesistrata and grandson of Eudamidas I and Arachidamia. He ruled from 275 BC to 244 BC....

     c.275
    275 BC
    Year 275 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dentatus and Caudinus...

     - c.245 BC
    245 BC
    Year 245 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Buteo and Bulbus...

  • Agis IV
    Agis IV
    Agis IV , the elder son of Eudamidas II, was the 24th king of the Eurypontid dynasty of Sparta. Posterity has reckoned him an idealistic but impractical monarch.-Succession:...

     c.245
    245 BC
    Year 245 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Buteo and Bulbus...

     - 241 BC
    241 BC
    Year 241 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Atticus and Cerco...

  • Eudamidas III 241
    241 BC
    Year 241 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Atticus and Cerco...

     - 228 BC
    228 BC
    Year 228 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ruga and Verrucosus...

  • Archidamus V
    Archidamus V
    Archidamus V was the 27th of the Kings of Sparta of the Eurypontid line, reigning 228-227 BC.He was the son of Eudamidas II and Agesistrata and through him the grandson of Archidamus IV, after whom he was named....

     228
    228 BC
    Year 228 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ruga and Verrucosus...

     - 227 BC
    227 BC
    Year 227 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flaccus and Regulus...

  • Eucleidas
    Eucleidas
    Eucleidas reigned Sparta from 227 BC up until 221 BC. He was an Agiad, son of Leonidas II, in the place of the Eurypontid king. His brother, Cleomenes III, deposed his Eurypontid colleague Archidamus V, and installed his brother as his new co-ruler. Eucleidas was killed fighting against the...

     227
    227 BC
    Year 227 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flaccus and Regulus...

     - 221 BC
    221 BC
    Year 221 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Asina and Rufus/Lepidus...

     (Eucleidas was actually an Agiad - his brother Cleomenes III
    Cleomenes III
    Cleomenes III was the King of Sparta from 235-222 BC. He succeeded to the Agiad throne of Sparta after his father, Leonidas II in 235 BC.From 229 BC to 222 BC, Cleomenes waged war against the Achaean League under Aratus of Sicyon. Domestically, he is known for his attempt to reform the Spartan state...

     deposed his Eurypontid colleague and installed his brother as co-king)


After Sellasia

Following Cleomenes III's defeat in the Battle of Sellasia
Battle of Sellasia
The Battle of Sellasia took place during the summer of 222 BC between the armies of Macedon and the Achaean League, led by Antigonus III Doson, and Sparta under the command of King Cleomenes III...

 by Antigonus III Doson
Antigonus III Doson
Antigonus III Doson was king of Macedon from 229 BC to 221 BC. He belonged to the Antigonid dynasty.-Family Background:He was a grandson of Demetrius Poliorcetes and cousin of Demetrius II, who after the latter died in battle and rescued Macedonia and restored Antigonid control of Greece...

 of Macedon
Macedon
Macedonia or Macedon was an ancient kingdom, centered in the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, bordered by Epirus to the west, Paeonia to the north, the region of Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south....

 and the Achaean League
Achaean League
The Achaean League was a Hellenistic era confederation of Greek city states on the northern and central Peloponnese, which existed between 280 BC and 146 BC...

, the Spartan system began to break down. Sparta was a republic
Republic
A republic is a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, have supreme control over the government and where offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people. In modern times, a common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of...

 from 221
221 BC
Year 221 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Asina and Rufus/Lepidus...

 to 219 BC
219 BC
Year 219 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paullus and Salinator...

.
  • Agesipolis III
    Agesipolis III
    Agesipolis III was the 31st and last of the kings of the Agiad dynasty in ancient Sparta.He was the son of another Agesipolis , and grandson of Cleombrotus II and Chilonis, daughter of Leonidas II and Cratesiclea...

     (Agiad) 219
    219 BC
    Year 219 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paullus and Salinator...

     - 215 BC
    215 BC
    Year 215 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Albinus/Marcellus/Verrucosus and Gracchus...

     - the last Agiad King of Sparta
  • Lycurgus
    Lykourgos (king)
    Lykourgos, became Eurypontid joint king of Sparta in 219 BCE when the Spartan monarchy was restored, two years after the defeat of Sellasia. Polybios claims that Lykourgos bribed each of the Ephors a talent in order for his claim to be accepted - however Lazenby suggests this is likely to be simply...

     (Eurypontid) 219
    219 BC
    Year 219 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paullus and Salinator...

     - 210 BC
    210 BC
    Year 210 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcellus and Laevinus...

  • Machanidas
    Machanidas
    Machanidas was a tyrant of Lacedaemon about the end of the third century BC.He was originally, perhaps, the leader of a band of Tarentine mercenaries in the pay of the Spartan government. The history of Lacedaemon at this period is so obscure that the means by which Machanidas obtained the...

     (tyrant
    Tyrant
    A tyrant was originally one who illegally seized and controlled a governmental power in a polis. Tyrants were a group of individuals who took over many Greek poleis during the uprising of the middle classes in the sixth and seventh centuries BC, ousting the aristocratic governments.Plato and...

    ) 210
    210 BC
    Year 210 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcellus and Laevinus...

     - 207 BC
    207 BC
    Year 207 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Nero and Salinator...

  • Pelops
    Pelops (Sparta)
    Pelops was King of Sparta of the Eurypontid dynasty. He was son of Lykourgos.He was born sometime around 210 BC, but his father soon died that year. Since he was an infant, a regent reigned, first Machanidas and then Nabis. In 199 BC however, Pelops was assassinated by Nabis, who assumed the...

     (Eurypontid) 210
    210 BC
    Year 210 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcellus and Laevinus...

     - 206 BC
    206 BC
    Year 206 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Philo and Metellus...

     - last king from either of the old dynasties, opponent of Machanidas
  • Nabis
    Nabis
    Nabis was ruler of Sparta from 207 BC to 192 BC, during the years of the First and Second Macedonian Wars and the War against Nabis. After taking the throne by executing two claimants, he began rebuilding Sparta's power. During the Second Macedonian War, he sided with King Philip V of Macedon and...

     (an usurper
    Usurper
    Usurper is a derogatory term used to describe either an illegitimate or controversial claimant to the power; often, but not always in a monarchy, or a person who succeeds in establishing himself as a monarch without inheriting the throne, or any other person exercising authority unconstitutionally...

    ) 206
    206 BC
    Year 206 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Philo and Metellus...

     - 192 BC
    192 BC
    Year 192 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flamininus and Ahenobarbus...

     - claimed descent from the deposed Eurypontid king Demaratus
  • Laconicus 192 BC
    192 BC
    Year 192 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flamininus and Ahenobarbus...

     – ??? – last known king of Sparta (of royal blood, relationship unknown)

The Achaean League
Achaean League
The Achaean League was a Hellenistic era confederation of Greek city states on the northern and central Peloponnese, which existed between 280 BC and 146 BC...

 annexed Sparta in 192 BC
192 BC
Year 192 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flamininus and Ahenobarbus...

.

External links

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