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Wales native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ... , traditionally lying between the rivers Wye River Wye :See River Wye for other rivers called Wye.The River Wye is the Rivers of Great Britain#Longest rivers in the United Kingdom in the United Kingdom and for parts of its length forms part of the border between England and Wales.... and Usk River Usk The River Usk source in the Carmarthen Fans mountains or Fan Brycheiniog of mid-Wales, in the westernmost part of the Brecon Beacons National Park then flows south-east through Brecon , Crickhowell, Abergavenny and the eponymous town of Usk past the Roman legionary fortress of Caerleon, through the heart of Newport city and into the Rive... in what later became known as the Welsh Marches. Emergence of the kingdomThe area has been occupied since the PaleolithicPaleolithic The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic or "Old Stone" era is a Prehistory era distinguished by the development of the first stone tools, and covers roughly 99% of human history.... , with Mesolithic Mesolithic The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age was a period in the development of human technology in between the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age and the Neolithic or New Stone Age.... finds at Goldcliff and growing activity during the Bronze Age Bronze Age The Bronze Age is, with respect to a given prehistory, the period in that society when the most advanced metalworking included smelting copper and tin from naturally-occurring outcroppings of copper and tin ores, creating a bronze alloy by melting those metals together, and casting them into bronze artifact s.... , Iron Age Iron Age In archaeology, the Iron Age was the stage in the development of any people in which tools and weapons whose main ingredient was iron were prominent.... and Roman Roman Britain Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410. The Romans referred to their province as Britannia.... period. The Dark Age Welsh Wales native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ... kingdom of Gwent was traditionally the area between the rivers Usk, Wye and Severn Severn Estuary The Severn Estuary is the estuary of the River Severn, the longest river in Great Britain. Its high tidal range means it has been at the centre of discussions in the UK regarding renewable energy.... . To the north, the area adjoined Ewyas Ewyas Ewyas was a possible early Welsh people kingdom which may have been formed around the time of the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century.... and Ergyng Ergyng Ergyng was a Wales kingdom of the sub-Roman Britain and Early Middle Ages period, between the 5th and 7th centuries. It was later referred to by the English people as Archenfield.... (later Archenfield Archenfield Archenfield is the historic English language name for an area of southern and western Herefordshire in England. Since the Anglo-Saxons took over the region in the 8th century, it has stretched between the River Monnow and River Wye, but it derives from the once much larger Welsh people kingdom of Ergyng.... ). Gwent came into being after the Romans Roman Empire The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean.... had left Britain Roman departure from Britain The Roman departure from Britain was completed by 410. The archaeological records of the final decades of Roman rule show undeniable signs of decay.... , and was a successor state drawing on the culture of the pre-Roman Silures Silures The Silures were a powerful and warlike tribe of ancient Great Britain, occupying approximately the counties of Monmouthshire, Breconshire and Glamorganshire in south Wales.... tribe and ultimately a large part of their Iron Age British Iron Age The British Iron Age is a conventional name in the archaeology of Great Britain referring to the prehistoric and proto-historic phases of the Iron Age culture of the main island and the smaller islands, typically excluding Ireland.... territories. It took its name from the civitas Civitas In the history of the Roman Empire, the Latin term civitas referred to the condition of Roman citizenship. It was also used to describe a type of settlement.... capital of Venta Silurum Venta Silurum Venta Silurum was a town in the Roman province of Britannia . Today it consists of remains in the village of Caerwent in Monmouthshire, south east Wales.... , perhaps meaning "Market of the Silures". In the post Roman period Sub-Roman Britain Sub-Roman Britain is a term derived from an archaeologists' label for the material culture of Great Britain in Late Antiquity. "Sub-Roman" was invented to describe the pottery sherds in sites of the 5th century and the 6th century, initially with an implication of decay of locally-made wares from a higher standard under the Roman Empire.... , the territory around Venta became the successor kingdom of Guenta, later Gwent, deriving its name directly from the town through the normal sound change in the Brythonic languages Brythonic languages The Brythonic languages form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic languages language family, the other being Goidelic. The name Brythonic was derived by Wales Celtic studies Sir John Rhys from the Welsh language word Brython, meaning an indigenous Brython as opposed to an Anglo-Saxons or Gaels.... from v to gu. The town itself became Caerwent Caerwent Caerwent is a village and Community in Monmouthshire, Wales, located about 5 miles west of Chepstow and 11 miles east of Newport. It is famous for its Roman Britain remains.... , "Venta fort". According to one Old Welsh genealogy, the founder of the kingdom was Caradoc Freichfras Caradoc Caradoc Vreichvras was a semi-legendary ancestor to the Kingdom of Gwent living during the 5th or 6th century. He is remembered in Arthurian legend as a Knight of the Round Table as Carados Briefbras .... . The earliest centre of the kingdom may have been at Caerwent Caerwent Caerwent is a village and Community in Monmouthshire, Wales, located about 5 miles west of Chepstow and 11 miles east of Newport. It is famous for its Roman Britain remains.... , the Roman administrative centre, or perhaps Caerleon Caerleon Caerleon is a suburban village and Community , situated on the River Usk in the northern outskirts of the city of Newport, South Wales.It is a site of archaeological importance, being the site of a notable Roman Empire legionary Castra and an Iron Age hill fort.... , formerly a major Roman military base. Welsh saint Saint A saint in Christianity is a human being who has been called to holiness. The term is used differently by various denominations, with some, such as the Anglicans, Methodists, and Lutherans distinguishing between Saints and saints.... s like Dubricius Dubricius Saint Dubricius was a 6th century Britons ecclesiastic venerated as a saint. He was the and evangelist of Ergyng and much of South Wales.... , Tatheus and Cadoc Cadoc Saint Cadoc or Cadog , Abbot of Llancarfan, was one of the 6th century Religion in Wales, whose vita twice mentions King Arthur. The Abbey of Llancarfan, near Cowbridge in Glamorganshire, which he founded circa 518, became famous as a centre of learning.... Christianized the area from the 5th century onwards. According to tradition, in about the 6th century Caradoc moved his llys or court from Caerwent to Portskewett Portskewett Portskewett is a village in Monmouthshire, south east Wales. It is located four miles south west of Chepstow and one mile east of Caldicot, in an archaeologically sensitive part of the Caldicot and Wentloog Levels on the Welsh shore of the Severn Estuary.... , perhaps meaning nearby Sudbrook Sudbrook, Monmouthshire Sudbrook is a village in Monmouthshire, south east Wales, United Kingdom. It is located 4 miles south west of Chepstow and 1 mile east of Caldicot.... . Other suggestions are that Gwent was founded by Erb Erb of Gwent King Erb was the king of Kingdom of Gwent and Glywysing, kingdoms in the south of Wales in the Early Middle Ages.... , possibly a descendant of Caradoc, who may have been a ruler of Ergyng east of the Black Mountains Black Mountains, Wales The Black Mountains are a group of hills spread across parts of Powys and Monmouthshire in southeast Wales , and extending across the national border into Herefordshire, England .... who won control of a wider area to the south. A later monarch was the Christian King Tewdrig Tewdrig Tewdrig or Tewdrig ap Teithfallt was a king of the Sub-Roman Britain Glywysing. He abdicated in favour of his son Meurig ap Tewdrig and retired to live a hermitical life, but was recalled to lead his son's army against an intruding Anglo-Saxons force.... who was mortally wounded repelling a pagan Saxon Anglo-Saxons Anglo-Saxons is the term usually used to describe the invading tribes in the south and east of Great Britain starting from the early 5th century AD, and their creation of the English nation, lasting until the Norman conquest of England of 1066.... invasion. His son Meurig Meurig ap Tewdrig Meurig ap Tewdrig was the son of Tewdrig , and a king of the early Wales kingdoms of Gwent and Glywysing. He is thought to have lived sometime between 400 and 600 AD.... may have been responsible for uniting Gwent with Glywysing Glywysing Glywysing was a Sub-Roman Britain and early Middle Ages kingdom in South Wales Wales. Its people were decended from the Brythonic Iron Age tribes in Britain of the Silures.... to the west in the 7th century, through marriage. It has been suggested that Meurig's son, Athrwys Athrwys ap Meurig Athrwys was a Prince, possibly a King, from Kingdom of Gwent in Wales, who is generally accepted as having lived in the early 7th century.... , may be the origin for King Arthur King Arthur King Arthur is a legendary Britons leader who, according to medieval histories and Romance , led the defence of Britain against the Saxon invaders in the early 6th century.... , although others consider this unlikely. At times in the 8th century, Gwent and Glywysing appear to have formed a single kingdom. Gwent may also have extended east of the River Wye into areas known as Cantref Coch, which later became the Forest of Dean Forest of Dean The Forest of Dean is a geographical, historical and cultural region in the western part of the county of Gloucestershire, England. The forest is a roughly triangle plateau bounded by the River Wye to the west and north, the River Severn to the south, and the Gloucester to the east.... . Its eastern boundary later became established as the Wye, perhaps first determined by Offa of Mercia Offa of Mercia Offa was the King of Mercia from 757 until his death in July 796. He was the son of Thingfrith and a descendant of Eowa of Mercia, a brother of King Penda of Mercia, who had ruled over a century before.... in the late 8th century, and certainly by Athelstan of England in 927. The area west of the River Usk River Usk The River Usk source in the Carmarthen Fans mountains or Fan Brycheiniog of mid-Wales, in the westernmost part of the Brecon Beacons National Park then flows south-east through Brecon , Crickhowell, Abergavenny and the eponymous town of Usk past the Roman legionary fortress of Caerleon, through the heart of Newport city and into the Rive... was Gwynllwg Gwynllwg Gwynllwg was a monarchy of medi?val Wales and later a Normans Marcher Lords and then a Wentloog .... , which formed part of Glywysing. In 931, Morgan ab Owain of Gwent, later known as Morgan Hen (Morgan the Old), was one of the Welsh rulers who submitted to Athelstan's overlordship, and attended him at court in Hereford Hereford Hereford is a cathedral city City status in the United Kingdom, civil parish and county town of Herefordshire, England. It lies on the River Wye, approximately east of the border with Wales, southwest of Worcester, and northwest of Gloucester.... . However, Gwent remained a distinct Welsh kingdom. In about 942, Gwent and Glywysing were again temporarily united under the name of Morgannwg by Morgan Hen, but they were broken up again after his death. In 1034 Gwent was invaded by Canute. Gwent's existence as a separate kingdom again temporarily ended when Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Gruffydd ap Llywelyn File:Wales 1039-63 .svgGruffydd ap Llywelyn , was the ruler of all Wales from 1055 until his death, one of very few able to make this boast. He was great-great-grandson to Hywel Dda and King Anarawd ap Rhodri of Gwynedd.... won control of the area and Morgannwg in 1055, so extending his rule over the whole of Wales. However, after Gruffydd's death in 1063, Caradog ap Gruffudd re-established an independent kingdom in Gwent. In 1065 the area was invaded by Earl Harold of Hereford Harold Godwinson Harold Godwinson also known as Harold II, was the last Anglo-Saxons King of Kingdom of England before the Norman Conquest of England. Harold reigned from 5 January 1066, until his death at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October of that same year, fighting the Normans invaders, led by William I of England.... , who attempted to establish a base at Portskewett, but it was razed to the ground by Caradog, and Harold - having by then been crowned King of England - was killed at the Battle of Hastings Battle of Hastings The Battle of Hastings was the decisive Normans victory in the Norman Conquest of England. It was fought between the Norman army of William I of England, and the English people army led by Harold Godwinson.... the following year. Norman invasion and partitionWith the NormanNormans The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. They descended from Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of mostly Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock.... invasion of Britain extending westwards after 1067, Caradog's area of control moved into Deheubarth Deheubarth Deheubarth was a south-western kingdom or principality of medieval Wales.... to the west, until his death in 1081. By that time most of Gwent had become firmly under Norman control. However, conflict with the Welsh Welsh people The Welsh people are an ethnic group and nation associated with Wales and the Welsh language. John Davies argues that the origin of the "Welsh nation" can be traced to the late 4th and early 5th centuries, following the Roman withdrawal from Britain, although Celtic languages seem to have been spoken in Wales far longer.... continued intermittently until 1217, when William Marshal William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke , also called William the Marshal , was an Anglo Norman soldier and statesman. He has been described as the "greatest knight that ever lived" .... sent troops to retake the castle at Caerleon from the Welsh. The Normans divided the area, including those areas which they controlled beyond the River Usk, into the Marcher Lordships of Abergavenny Abergavenny Abergavenny , meaning Mouth of the River Gavenny, is a market town in Monmouthshire, Wales.It is located 24 km west of Monmouth on the A40 road and A465 road roads, 10 km from the England border within the Welsh Marches.... , Caerleon Caerleon Caerleon is a suburban village and Community , situated on the River Usk in the northern outskirts of the city of Newport, South Wales.It is a site of archaeological importance, being the site of a notable Roman Empire legionary Castra and an Iron Age hill fort.... , Monmouth Monmouth Monmouth is a town in southeast Wales and traditional county town of the Historic counties of Wales of Monmouthshire . It is situated where the River Monnow meets the River Wye with bridges over both .... , Striguil Striguil Striguil or Strigoil is the name which was used from the 11th century until the late 14th century, for the port and Normans Chepstow Castle of Chepstow, on the Wales side of the River Wye which forms the boundary with England.... (Chepstow Chepstow Chepstow is a town in Monmouthshire, Wales, adjoining Wales-England border with Gloucestershire, England. It is located on the River Wye, close to its confluence with the River Severn, and close to the western end of the Severn Bridge on the M48 motorway.... ) and Usk Usk Usk is a small picturesque town in Monmouthshire, Wales, situated 10 miles northeast of Newport.Usk is noted for its rural setting, tranquil lifestyle and quality of life.... . They built permanent stone castle Castle A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The term has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning, but it is usually regarded as being distinct from the general terms fort or fortress in that it describes a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific defensive territor... s, many originating from a network of earlier motte and bailey castles. The density of castles of this type and age is amongst the highest in Britain and certainly the rest of the Welsh Marches, with at least 25 castle sites remaining in Monmouthshire alone today. Despite the extinction of the kingdom by 1091, the name Gwent remained in use for the area by the Welsh throughout this period and later centuries. It was traditionally divided by the forested hills of Wentwood Wentwood Wentwood is a forested area of hills, rising to 309 metres , in Monmouthshire , South Wales. It is located to the north east of, and partly within the boundaries of, the city of Newport.... into Gwent Uwch-coed ("beyond the wood") and Gwent Is-coed ("below the wood"). These terms were transliterated into English English language English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa... as Overwent and Netherwent, the entire area sometimes being known as "Wentland". MonmouthshireThe Marcher Lordships were the basic units of administration for the next 450 or so years, until Henry VIIIHenry VIII of England Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lordship of Ireland and claimant to the Early Modern France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII of England.... passed the Laws in Wales Act 1535 Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542 The Laws in Wales Acts 1535?1542 were a series of parliamentary measures by which the legal system of Wales was annexed to Kingdom of England and the norms of English administration introduced in order to create a single state and a single legal jurisdiction, which is frequently referred to as England and Wales.... . This Act abolished the Marcher Lordships and established the County of Monmouthshire Monmouthshire (historic) Monmouthshire , also known as the County of Monmouth , is one of thirteen Historic counties of Wales of Wales and a former Administrative divisions of Wales.... , combining the Lordships east of the Usk with Newport Newport Newport is a City status in the United Kingdom and Administrative divisions of Wales in Wales, in the United Kingdom. Standing on the banks of the River Usk, located roughly between Cardiff and Bristol, it is the cultural capital and largest urban area in the Historic counties of Wales of Monmouthshire and is governed by the unitary authori... (Gwynllwg Gwynllwg Gwynllwg was a monarchy of medi?val Wales and later a Normans Marcher Lords and then a Wentloog .... or Wentloog) and Caerleon Caerleon Caerleon is a suburban village and Community , situated on the River Usk in the northern outskirts of the city of Newport, South Wales.It is a site of archaeological importance, being the site of a notable Roman Empire legionary Castra and an Iron Age hill fort.... to the west of it. Recent timesIn the 19th and 20th centuries, writers again began using the name 'Gwent' in a romantic literary way to describe Monmouthshire. In the local government re-organisations of 1974/5, several new administrative areas within Wales were named after medieval kingdoms - GwentGwent (county) Gwent is a preserved counties of Wales and a former local government county in south-east Wales. It was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, and was named after the ancient Kingdom of Gwent.... , Dyfed Dyfed Dyfed is a Preserved counties of Wales of Wales.Dyfed was created by the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974. It covered the former counties of Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire and was divided into districts of Wales as so:... , Powys Powys Powys is a local-government Principal areas of Wales and preserved counties of Wales in Wales.... , and Gwynedd Gwynedd Gwynedd is a Administrative divisions of Wales in north-west Wales, named after the old Kingdom of Gwynedd. Although one of the biggest in terms of geographical area, it is also one of the most sparsely populated.... . Gwent as a local government unit again ceased to exist in 1996, when replaced by the unitary local authorities of Newport Newport Newport is a City status in the United Kingdom and Administrative divisions of Wales in Wales, in the United Kingdom. Standing on the banks of the River Usk, located roughly between Cardiff and Bristol, it is the cultural capital and largest urban area in the Historic counties of Wales of Monmouthshire and is governed by the unitary authori... , Blaenau Gwent Blaenau Gwent Blaenau Gwent is a county borough and Blaenau Gwent in South Wales. It borders the subdivisions of Wales of Monmouthshire and Torfaen to the east, Caerphilly to the west and Powys to the north.... , Torfaen Torfaen Torfaen is a county borough in Wales within the Historic counties of Wales of Monmouthshire . It was originally formed in 1974 as a district of the counties of Wales of Gwent and in 1996 it was reconstituted as a Local government in Wales.... , Caerphilly Caerphilly (county borough) Caerphilly is a local government Principal areas of Wales in southern Wales, straddling the Historic counties of Wales between Glamorgan and Monmouthshire.... (which included parts of Mid Glamorgan Mid Glamorgan Mid Glamorgan is a ceremonial preserved counties of Wales of Wales. From 1974 until 1996, it was also an administrative county, with a county council.... ), and Monmouthshire Monmouthshire Monmouthshire is a principal area in south east Wales. The name derives from the historic county of Monmouthshire which covers a larger area.... . The name remains as one of the preserved counties of Wales Preserved counties of Wales The Preserved counties of Wales are the current areas used in Wales for ceremonial purposes such as Lord-Lieutenant. They are based on the subdivisions of Wales created by the Local Government Act 1972 and used for local government and other purposes between 1974 and 1996.... used for certain ceremonial purposes, and also survives in various titles, e.g. Gwent Police Gwent Police Gwent Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing the local authority areas of Blaenau Gwent, Caerphilly , Monmouthshire, Newport and Torfaen in southeast Wales.... , Royal Gwent Hospital Royal Gwent Hospital The Royal Gwent Hospital is the principal hospital in the city of Newport and the ancient county of Monmouthshire . It is located on Cardiff Road near the Newport city centre.... , Coleg Gwent Coleg Gwent Coleg Gwent is Wales' largest further education college.It has more than 35,000 students ranging from secondary school leavers to mature students.... , and the Newport Gwent Dragons Newport Gwent Dragons The Newport Gwent Dragons are one of the four professional Rugby Union teams in Wales. They are jointly owned by Newport RFC and the Welsh Rugby Union and play all their home games at Rodney Parade, Newport.... rugby team. |
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