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Khanate of Khiva

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	Topics Khanate of Khiva Topic Home The Khanate of Khiva was the name of a Central Asian state that existed in the historical region of KhwarezmKhwarezm Khwarezm was a series of states centered on the Amu Darya river delta of the former Aral Sea, in modern Uzbekistan, extendi... from 1515 to 1920 except Persian occupation by Nadir Shah between 1740-1746. It was ruled over by the Kungrads, a branch of the AstrakhansAstrakhan Khanate The Khanate of Astrakhan was a Tatar feudal state that appeared after the collapse of the Golden Horde.... , themselves a GenghisidGenghis Khan Genghis Khan, , was a Mongol political and military leader or Khan who united the Mongol tribes and founded the Mongol Emp... dynasty, and its capital was at KhivaKhiva Khiva is the former capital of Khwarezmia and the Khanate of Khiva and lies in the present-day Khorezm Province of Uzbekista... . In 1873, Khiva became a RussianRussian Empire The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until it was declared a republic in August 1917.... protectorateProtectorate In international law a protectorate is a political entity that formally agrees by treaty to enter into an unequal relationsh... and, in 1920, the Khanate was abolished and replaced by the Khorezm People’s Soviet RepublicKhorezm SSR Khorezm People's Soviet Republic was created as the successor to the Khanate of Khiva in February 1920 and officially declar... . In 1924, the area was formally incorporated into the Soviet UnionSoviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , more commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a Communist state that existed... and today is largely a part of KarakalpakstanKarakalpakstan Karakalpakstan is an autonomous republic of Uzbekistan.... and Xorazm ProvinceXorazm Province Xorazm Province or Khorezm Province as it is still more commonly known, is a viloyat of Uzbekistan located in the northw... in UzbekistanFacts About Uzbekistan Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan , is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia.... . History See also KhwarezmKhwarezm Khwarezm was a series of states centered on the Amu Darya river delta of the former Aral Sea, in modern Uzbekistan, extendi... , History of UzbekistanHistory of Uzbekistan Located in the heart of Central Asia between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers, Uzbekistan has a long and interesting her... The region that would become the Khanate of Khiva was a part of the Jagatai Khanate with its capital at Old UrgenchKunya Urgench Kunya Urgench also known as Konya-Urgench, Old Urgench or Urganj is a municipality of about 30,000 inhabit... , one of the largest and most important trading centers in Central Asia. However, TimurTimur Overview Timur bin Taraghay Barlas was a 14th century warlord of Turco-Mongol descent, conqueror of much of Western and central Asia,... regarded the state as a rival to SamarkandSamarkand Samarkand is the third-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province.... , and over the course of 5 campaigns, he destroyed Old Urgench completely in 1388. In 1515 the Uzbek group, the Yadigarid Shaybanids, installed themselves as khans of the region. Once Old Urgench was finally abandoned due to a shift in the course of the Amu-Darya in 1576, the center of the region shifted southward, and, in 1619, the khan, Arab Muhammad I, chose KhivaKhiva Khiva is the former capital of Khwarezmia and the Khanate of Khiva and lies in the present-day Khorezm Province of Uzbekista... as the capital of the khanate. The discovery of goldGold Gold is a highly sought-after precious metal that for many centuries has been used as money, a store of value and in jewelry... on the banks of the Amu DaryaAmu Darya The Amu Darya, Amudarya . Amu Darya is the longest river in Central Asia.... during the reign of Russia's Peter the GreatPeter I of Russia Peter I the Great . ruled Russia from 7 May 1682 until his death, before 1696 jointly with his weak and sickly half-broth... , together with the desire of the Russian EmpireRussian Empire The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until it was declared a republic in August 1917.... to open a trade route to India, prompted an armed trade expedition to the region in 1717-18, led by Prince Alexander Bekovich-CherkasskyAlexander Bekovich-Cherkassky Prince Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky was a Russian officer of Circassian origin who led the first Russian military expeditio... , and consisting of 750-4,000 men. Upon receiving the men, the Khivan khan, Shir Ghazi, set up camp under the pretense of goodwill, then ambushed and slaughtered the envoys, leaving ten alive to send back. Peter the Great, indebted after wars with the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire Overview The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West as the Turkish Empire.... and SwedenSweden The Kingdom of Sweden is a Nordic country in Scandinavia.... , did nothing. Tsar Paul IFacts About Paul I of Russia Paul I of Russia was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801.... also attempted to conquer the khanate, but his expedition was woefully undermanned and undersupplied, and was recalled en route due to his assassination. Tsar Alexander IAlexander I of Russia Aleksander I Pavlovich , was Emperor of Russia from March 23, 1801–December 1, 1825 and King of Poland from 1815&nda... had no such ambitions, and it was under Tsars Alexander IIAlexander II of Russia Alexander II Nikolaevitch was the Tsar of Russia from March 2 1855 until his assassination in 1881.... and Alexander IIIAlexander III of Russia Alexander III reigned as Emperor of Russia from March 14, 1881 until his death in 1894.... that serious efforts to annex Khiva started. A curious episode during The Great GameThe Great Game The Great Game, a term usually attributed to Arthur Conolly, was used to describe the rivalry and strategic conflict between... involved a Russian expedition, in name to free the slaves captured and sold by Turkmen raiders from the Russian frontiers on the Caspian SeaCaspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the largest lake on Earth by both area and volume, with a surface area of 371,000 square kilometres and ... , but also as an attempt to extend its borders while the British EmpireBritish Empire The British Empire was the most extensive empire in world history and for a substantial time was not only a major power but ... entangled itself in the First Anglo-Afghan WarFirst Anglo-Afghan War The First AngloAfghan War lasted from 1839 to 1842.... in 1839. The expedition, led by General V.A. PerovskyVasily Alekseevich Perovsky Count Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky was a Russian general and statesman.... , the commander of the OrenburgOrenburg Orenburg is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russi... garrison, consisted of 5,200 infantry, and 10,000 camels. Due to poor planning and a bit of bad luck, they set off in November 1839, into one of the worst winters in memory, and was forced to turn back on 1 February 1840, arriving back into OrenburgOrenburg Orenburg is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russi... in May, suffering over 1,000 casualties without firing a single shot. At the same time, the British, anxious to remove the pretext for the Russian attempt to annex Khiva, launched its own effort to free the slaves - a lone officer stationed in HeratFacts About Herat Herat is a city in western Afghanistan, in the valley of the Hari Rud river in the province also known as Herat, and wa... , now in AfghanistanAfghanistan Overview Afghanistan ; Persian : ?????? ?????? ?????????, Pashto: ? ????????? ?????? ???????) is a landlocked country at ... . Captain James Abbott, disguised as an Afghan, set off on Christmas Eve, 1839, for Khiva. He arrived in late January 1840 and, although the khan was suspicious of his identity, he succeeded in talking the khan into allowing him to carry a letter for the tsar regarding the slave issue. He left on 7 March 1840, for Fort AlexandrovskAqtau This article is about the city of Aqtau, formerly called Shevchenko.... (Aqtau), and was subsequently betrayed by his guide, robbed, then released when the bandits realized the origin and destination of his letter. Yet his superiors in HeratHerat Herat is a city in western Afghanistan, in the valley of the Hari Rud river in the province also known as Herat, and wa... , not knowing of his fate, sent another officer, Lieutenant Richmond Shakespear, after him. Shakespear was evidently more successful than Abbott in that he somehow convinced the khan to not only free all Russian subjects under his control, but also make the ownership of Russian slaves a crime punishable by death. The freed slaves and Shakespear arrived in Fort Alexandrovsk on 15 August 1840, and Russia lost its primary motive for the conquest of Khiva, for now. Khiva was gradually reduced in size from Russian expansion in TurkestanTurkestan Turkestan is a region in Central Asia, which today is largely inhabited by Turkic people.... and, in 1873, after RussiaFacts About Russia Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia.... conquered the neighbouring cities of TashkentTashkent TashkentThe name of the city has evolved in a number of stages.... and SamarkandSamarkand Samarkand is the third-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province.... , General Von KaufmanKonstantin Petrovich Von Kaufman Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman was the first Governor-General of Russian Turkestan. ... launched an attack on Khiva consisting of 13,000 infantry and cavalry. The city of Khiva fell on 28 May 1873 and, on 12 August 1873, a peace treaty was signed that established Khiva as a quasi-independent Russian protectorateProtectorate In international law a protectorate is a political entity that formally agrees by treaty to enter into an unequal relationsh... . After the 1918 BolshevikBolshevik Bolsheviks were members of the Bolshevik faction of the Marxist Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party.... seizure of power in the October Revolution, anti-monarchists and Turkmen tribesmen joined forces with the Bolsheviks at the end of 1919 to depose the khan. On 2 February 1920, Khiva's last Kungrad khan, Sayid Abdullah, abdicated and a short-lived Khorezm People’s Soviet RepublicKhorezm SSR Khorezm People's Soviet Republic was created as the successor to the Khanate of Khiva in February 1920 and officially declar... (later the Khorezm SSR) was created out of the territory of the old Khanate of Khiva, before in 1924 it was finally incorporated into the Soviet UnionSoviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , more commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a Communist state that existed... , with the former Khanate divided between the new Turkmen SSRTurkmen SSR The Turkmen SSR was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union until 1991 when it declared independence as Turkmenistan.... and Uzbek SSRUzbek SSR The Uzbek SSR or Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was the name given to Uzbekistan on October 27 1924.... . Following the collapse of the Soviet UnionSoviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , more commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a Communist state that existed... in 1991, these became TurkmenistanTurkmenistan Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia.... and UzbekistanUzbekistan Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan , is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia.... respectively. Today, the area that was the Khanate has a mixed population of UzbeksUzbeks The Uzbeks are a Turkic people of Central Asia and comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan and are also located in o... , KarakalpaksKarakalpaks Overview The Karakalpaks are a small ethnic group of Turkic people who mainly live in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and the sout... , Turkmens, and KazakhsKazakhs The Kazakhs, are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia.... . Khans of Khiva (1515-1920) Arabshanid Dynasty (Yadigarid Shabanid Dynasty, 1515-1804) Ilbars I (1515-1525) Sultan Haji (1525-?) Hasan Quli Sufyan Bujugha Avnik Qal (1539-46) Aqataty (1546) Dust Muhammad (1546-58) Haji Muhammad I (1558-1602) Arab Muhammad I (1602-1623) Isfandiyar (1623-1643) Abu al-Ghazi I Bahadur (1643-1663) Anusha (1663-1687) Muhammad Awrang (1687-1688) Ishaq Agha Shah Niyaz (1688-1702) Arab Muhammad II (1702-?) Haji Muhammad II Yadigar (1714) Awrang (1714-1715) Shir Ghazi (1715-1728) Ilbars II (1728-1740) Abu al-Ghazi II Muhammad (1742-1745) Ghaib (1745-70) Abu al-Ghazi III (1770) Abu al-Ghazi ibn Gha'ib (1791–1804) Qungrat Dynasty (1804-1920) Iltazar Inaq ibn Iwaz Inaq Biy (1804–1806) Abu al-Ghazi ibn Gha'ib (1806) Muhammad Rahim Bahadur (1806–1825) Allah Quli Bahadur (1825–1842) Muhammad Rahim Quli (1842–1846) Abu al-Ghazi Muhammad Amin Bahadur (1846–1855) Abdullah (1855) Qutlugh Muhammad Murad Bahadur (1855–1856) Mahmud (1856) Sayyid Muhammad (1856–Sep 1864) Muhammad Rahim Bahadur (10 Sep 1864–Sep 1910) Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur (Sep 1910–1 Oct 1918) Sayid Abdullah (1 Oct 1918–1 Feb 1920) See also KhwarezmKhwarezm Khwarezm was a series of states centered on the Amu Darya river delta of the former Aral Sea, in modern Uzbekistan, extendi... Khorezm SSRKhorezm SSR Khorezm People's Soviet Republic was created as the successor to the Khanate of Khiva in February 1920 and officially declar... KhivaKhiva Khiva is the former capital of Khwarezmia and the Khanate of Khiva and lies in the present-day Khorezm Province of Uzbekista... External links pe="text cript">DisplayLink("http://www.advantour.com/uzbekistan/khiva/history/011.htm", "'The dramatic end of Khiva'")