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Khafre
Khufu and Khafre

In cryptography, Khufu and Khafre are two block ciphers designed by Ralph Merkle in 1989 while working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center....
 also refers to a block cipher.


Khafra or Khafre (Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 ?ef???, Chephren) *?a?af-ri?u) was an Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
ian pharaoh
Pharaoh

Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. In antiquity this title began to be used for the ruler who was the religious and political leader of united ancient Egypt, only during the New Kingdom, specifically, during the middle of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt....
 of the Fourth dynasty
Fourth dynasty of Egypt

The Fourth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, also written Dynasty 4 and Dynasty IV, is characterized as a golden age of the Old Kingdom....
, who had his capital at Memphis
Memphis, Egypt

Memphis was the ancient capital of the first Nome of Lower Egypt, and of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until around 2200 BC and later for shorter periods during the New Kingdom, and an administrative centre throughout ancient history....
. According to some authors he was the son and successor of Khufu
Khufu

Khufu was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom. He reigned from around 2589 to 2566 B.C. Khufu was the second pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt....
, but it is more commonly accepted that Djedefra
Djedefra

The Ancient Egypt pharaoh Djedefre was the successor and son of Khufu . The mother of Djedefre is unknown. His name means "Enduring like Ra." Djedefre was the first king to use the title Fivefold Titulary#Son of Ra as part of his Fivefold Titulary, which is seen as an indication of the growing popularity of the cult of the solar god Ra....
 was Khufu's successor and Khafra was Djedefra's. Khafra's two chief wives were Queen Meresankh III
Meresankh III

[Image:HetepheresII-and-MeresankhIII-PairStatue MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Queen Hetepheres II embraces her deceased daughter Meresankh III ...
 whose mastaba tomb is located at Giza and Queen Khamaerernebty I who was the mother of his successor, Menkaura
Menkaura

Menkaura was a pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt who ordered the construction of Menkaure's Pyramid. His main queen was Khamerernebty II....
.

e is no agreement on the date of his reign; some authors say it was between 2558 BC and 2532 BC; this dynasty is commonly dated ca.






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Khafre
Khufu and Khafre

In cryptography, Khufu and Khafre are two block ciphers designed by Ralph Merkle in 1989 while working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center....
 also refers to a block cipher.


Khafra or Khafre (Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 ?ef???, Chephren) *?a?af-ri?u) was an Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
ian pharaoh
Pharaoh

Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. In antiquity this title began to be used for the ruler who was the religious and political leader of united ancient Egypt, only during the New Kingdom, specifically, during the middle of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt....
 of the Fourth dynasty
Fourth dynasty of Egypt

The Fourth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, also written Dynasty 4 and Dynasty IV, is characterized as a golden age of the Old Kingdom....
, who had his capital at Memphis
Memphis, Egypt

Memphis was the ancient capital of the first Nome of Lower Egypt, and of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until around 2200 BC and later for shorter periods during the New Kingdom, and an administrative centre throughout ancient history....
. According to some authors he was the son and successor of Khufu
Khufu

Khufu was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom. He reigned from around 2589 to 2566 B.C. Khufu was the second pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt....
, but it is more commonly accepted that Djedefra
Djedefra

The Ancient Egypt pharaoh Djedefre was the successor and son of Khufu . The mother of Djedefre is unknown. His name means "Enduring like Ra." Djedefre was the first king to use the title Fivefold Titulary#Son of Ra as part of his Fivefold Titulary, which is seen as an indication of the growing popularity of the cult of the solar god Ra....
 was Khufu's successor and Khafra was Djedefra's. Khafra's two chief wives were Queen Meresankh III
Meresankh III

[Image:HetepheresII-and-MeresankhIII-PairStatue MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Queen Hetepheres II embraces her deceased daughter Meresankh III ...
 whose mastaba tomb is located at Giza and Queen Khamaerernebty I who was the mother of his successor, Menkaura
Menkaura

Menkaura was a pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt who ordered the construction of Menkaure's Pyramid. His main queen was Khamerernebty II....
.

Reign

There is no agreement on the date of his reign; some authors say it was between 2558 BC and 2532 BC; this dynasty is commonly dated ca. 2650 BC–2480 BC. While the Turin King List
Turin King List

The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is a hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Ramesses II, now in the Museo Egizio at Turin....
 length for his reign is blank, and Manetho's exaggerates his reign as 66 years, most scholars believe it was between 24 to 26 years, based upon the date of the Will of Prince Nekure which was carved on the walls of this Prince's mastaba
Mastaba

A mastaba was a kind of Ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular with outward sloping sides that marked the burial site of many eminent Egyptians of Egypt's History of Egypt....
 tomb. The will is dated anonymously to the Year of the 12th Count and is assumed to belong to Khufu since Nekure was his son. Khafra's highest year date is the "Year of the 13th occurrence" which is a painted date on the back of a casing stone belonging to mastaba G 7650. This would imply a reign of 24-25 years for this king if the cattle count was biannual during the Fourth Dynasty. Khafra built the second largest pyramid
Egyptian pyramids

File:All Gizah Pyramids.jpgFile:EgyptianPyramidsandSphinx2006.jpgThe Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid shaped masonry structures located in Egypt....
 at Giza
Giza

in the 2006 national census, while the governate had 6,272,571 at the same census. Its large population makes it the 2nd largest suburb in the world, tied with Incheon, Korea and Quezon City, Philippines, second only to Yokohama, Japan....
, is thought to have built the Great Sphinx
Great Sphinx of Giza

The Great Sphinx of Giza is a statue of a reclining lion with a human head that stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile, near modern-day Cairo, in Egypt....
, and built a temple
Temple

A temple is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities, such as prayer and sacrifice, or analogous rites. A ??templum?? constituted a sacred precinct as defined by a priest, or augur....
 which is the only surviving example of a temple from this Dynasty of the Old Kingdom
Old Kingdom

The Old Kingdom is the name commonly given to that period in the 3rd millennium BCE when Ancient Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement ? this was the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods, which mark the high points of civilization in the lower Nile Valley ....
.

His name, Khaf-Ra, means "Appearing like Ra
Ra

Ra is an ancient Egyptian Solar deity . By the Fifth dynasty of Egypt he became a major deity in ancient Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the noon, with other deities representing other positions of the sun....
" for some translators and "rise Ra!" for others; the meaning is most probably the first, according to the hieroglyphic representing his name, which includes that crown. The name of Khafre's pyramid at Giza—which is the second largest of the 3 famous pyramids of Giza—means "Khafre is Great" in Egyptian.

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