Katasraj temple

[[Image:Pool at Katas.jpg|right|thumb|350px|View from top of the temple]] '''Katasraj Mandir''' ({{lang-pa|{{Nastaliq|کٹاس راج مندر}}}} ([[Shahmukhi]]), कटासराज मन्दिर ([[Devanagari]])) is a [[Hindu]] ''[[mandir]]'' situated in Katas village in the [[Chakwal District|Chakwal district]] of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] in [[Pakistan]]. Dedicated to [[Shiva]], the temple has existed since the days of [[Mahābhārata ]] and the [[Pandava]] brothers spent a substantial part of their exile at the site. The [[Pakistan Government]] is considering nominating the temple complex for [[World Heritage Site]] status. It also proposes to spend about Rs 20 million in three phases for the restoration of the complex. ==History== Most of the temples, located some 40 km from the modern city of Chakwal in the Potohar region of northern Punjab in Pakistan, were built during the reign of Hindu kings. These several temples were built around 900 years ago or more, although the earliest of the Katasraj temples dates back to the latter half of the 6th century A.D . Scholars believe that most of the temples were actually constructed when the Shahi kingdom, driven from [[Afghanistan]] when their ethnic cousin Mahmud of Ghanavi came to power, fled to the region and set up base there. The mandir was abandoned by local Hindus when they migrated to [[East Punjab]] in 1947. It has always been the site of holy pilgrimage for people of various faiths. Even nowadays, worshippers from all faiths perform pilgrimages to the mandir every year and bathe in the sacred pool around which Katasraj is built. ==After Independence== The two semi-ruined temples of the [[Hindushahi|Hindushahiya]] period (650-950 AD) have been frequently photographed by newspapers and history journals. The holy pond was littered with garbage, while the [[mural]]s inside the temples disappeared due to the ravages of time and the neglect of the authorities. ===Renovation by the Government of Pakistan=== In 2006-07, Pakistan decided to place [[murti]]s of Hindu gods in the seven mandirs and restore them to their original state to attract visitors. The budget allocated for the project was Rs. 51.06 million. The temple was visited by India's former deputy prime minister [[Lal Krishna Advani]] in 2005 . The government decided to import idols of Hindu gods from various monuments in India to Pakistan for the restoration. A three-member archaeological team visited neighbouring India, Sri Lanka and Nepal to collect murtis of Hindu gods. ==Location== The Katasraj mandirs are located 40 kilometres from [[Chakwal District]]. It takes a little effort to reach Katasraj by road - one has to go off the [[M2 motorway (Pakistan)|M2 motorway]] - ([[Islamabad ]]- [[Lahore]]) at the [[KallarKhar]] interchange. Then follow the road to Choa Saiden Shah for 24 km. just past the cement factory the road passes through the temple complex, with the major temple complex and the pond on the right. It is a picturesque sight. ==Architecture== [[File:General view of Katas village, with old temples in foreground, 1875.jpg|right|thumb|General view of Katas village, with old temples in foreground, 1875.]] The Katas site houses the ''Satgraha'', a group of seven ancient temples, remains of a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[stupa]], a few medieval temples, [[haveli]]s and some recently constructed temples, scattered around a pond considered holy by Hindus. The temples at Katas are mostly constructed on square platforms. The elevation of the sub shrines seems to form a series of cornices with small rows of pillars, crowned by a ribbed dome. The [[Rama|Ramachandra]] Mandir is situated to the east of the Hari Singh Haveli and is closed from all sides except for an entrance on the east. The double-storied structure has eight rooms of various dimensions on the ground floor and a staircase at the south leading to the first floor. The mandir has two ''jharoka''s (balconies) that have been severely damaged. The [[Hanuman]] Mandir is on the western extreme of a high rectangular enclosure with entrances on the south and the north. The temple's ceiling is undecorated, and lime-plastered. The [[Shiva]] temple is also built on a square platform. Its entrance is a recessed round arch with faint cusps and a rectangular opening to the north. Katasraj temple complex is believed to date back to the Mahabharata era. There are stories about the [[Pandava]]s spending time there during their long exile. The lake in the complex is believed to have magical powers and supposed to be where [[Yudhisthira]] defeated the [[Yaksha]] with his wisdom to bring his brothers back to life. ==Legends== Many legends are associated with the temples, some of them involving Shiva himself. Legend says that the five Pandava brothers, heroes of the [[Sanskrit]] epic Mahabharata, stayed here for four out of the 14 years that they spent in exile. Another legend involves the death of Shiva's wife [[Satti]]; the story goes that when she died he cried so much and for so long that his tears created two holy ponds - one at Pushkara in Ajmer and the other at Ketaksha, which literally means "raining eyes" in Sanskrit. It is from this name that the word Ketas is derived. Another version of the legend mentions the two pools at Katasraj and [[Nainital]]. Another legend involves the death of Shiva's horse Katas; the story goes that when that horse died he cried so much and for so long that his tears created two holy ponds - one at Pushkara in Ajmer and the other at Ketaksha, which literally means "raining eyes" in Sanskrit. It is from this name that the word Ketas is derived. Another version of the legend mentions the two pools at Katasraj and Nainital.People bathe in that holy pond and seek forgiveness as Hindu belief holds that bathing in the pond (especially on certain occasions) causes the forgiveness of sins and helps attain salvation. Many people believe that this will come from bathing in the pond at any time. Depth of this holy pond is still a mystery. ==Prehistoric tools and weapons== Prehistoric tools and weapons such as axes and knives made of granite, and artifacts like terracotta bangles and pottery have been unearthed at the Katasraj site. The latter have been found to be similar to those excavated in [[Harappa]], but have not been dated for want of expert opinion from abroad. The fascinating [[Salt Range]]s have a vast archaeological treasure still hidden underground. Exploratory work that could expose evidence of an ancient civilisation here needs to be undertaken. The Salt Ranges have also been yielding prehistoric finds. While some local experts place the fossils discovered in the period between 6000 and 7000 BC, the fact remains that they have not yet been examined by trained palaeontologists from the West. A large number of bones of the limbs and vertebrae of giant animals resembling the extinct mammoth and dinosaur have been found at some sites. “An entire range of low mountains in the area appears to be fossilised, revealing to the naked eye layer upon layer of a variety of plants and soils,” says one writer. ==External links== *[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C02%5C01%5Cstory_1-2-2007_pg7_1 Pakistan renovates Katasraj Temples] *[http://www.the-soccer.com/katas_raj.html Picture tour of Katasraj Temples] * [http://levelx.me/life/photography-life/the-temples-of-katas-raj/ The Temples of Katas Raj in Pictures] {{Hindu Temples in Pakistan}} {{coord missing|Pakistan}}