Karl Scheel
Encyclopedia
Karl Friedrich Franz Christian Scheel (10 March 1866 in Rostock
Rostock
Rostock -Early history:In the 11th century Polabian Slavs founded a settlement at the Warnow river called Roztoc ; the name Rostock is derived from that designation. The Danish king Valdemar I set the town aflame in 1161.Afterwards the place was settled by German traders...

 – 8 November 1936 in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...

) was a German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 physicist. He was a Senior Executive Officer and head of Department IIIb at the Reich Physical and Technical Institute. Additionally, he served as editor of the journal Fortschritte der Physik, the semi-monthly bibliographic section of the journal Physikalische Berichte, the Verhandlungen of the German Physical Society, and the Society’s journal Zeitschrift für Physik. From 1926 to 1935, he was editor of the Handbuch der Physik. An endowment by Scheel and his wife Melida funds the annual awarding of the Karl Scheel Prize by the Physical Society in Berlin.

Education

From 1885 to 1890, Scheel studied at the Universität Rostock
University of Rostock
The University of Rostock is the university of the city Rostock, in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.Founded in 1419, it is the oldest and largest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Sea area...

and the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (today, the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Humboldt University of Berlin
The Humboldt University of Berlin is Berlin's oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities...

). He received his doctorate in 1890, at the University of Berlin, with a thesis on the expansion of water with temperature. Scheel was authorized to use the title Professor, hence, at some point, he completed the requirements for Habilitation
Habilitation
Habilitation is the highest academic qualification a scholar can achieve by his or her own pursuit in several European and Asian countries. Earned after obtaining a research doctorate, such as a PhD, habilitation requires the candidate to write a professorial thesis based on independent...

.

Career

After receipt of his doctorate, Scheel became a part-time assistant at the Kaiserliche Normal-Aichungs-Commission (Imperial Bureau of Standards). From 1891, he was employed at the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR, Reich Physical and Technical Institute, after 1945 renamed the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt is based in Braunschweig and Berlin. It is the national institute for natural and engineering sciences and the highest technical authority for metrology and physical safety engineering in Germany....

). From 1904 to 1931, he was a Mitglied (member) and finally Geheimer Regierungsrat und Leiter (Senior Executive Officer and head) of Depeartment IIIb at the PTR.

Additionally, Scheel served as editor of various publications. From 1899 to 1918, he was editor of the journal Fortschritte der Physik and of the semi-monthly bibliographic section of the journal Physikalische Berichte. From 1902, he was the editor of the Verhandlungen (Proceedings) of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
The Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft is the world's largest organization of physicists. The DPG's worldwide membership is cited as 60,000, as of 2011...

(DPG, German Physical Society), and from 1920 editor of the Society’s journal Zeitschrift für Physik
Zeitschrift für Physik
The European Physical Journal is a joint publication of EDP Sciences, Springer Science+Business Media, and the Società Italiana di Fisica...

. From 1926 to 1935, he was editor of the prestigious, multi-volume series Handbuch der Physik, together with Hans Geiger.

Honor

Scheel and his wife Melida left an endowment which is used by the Physikalische Gesellschaft zu Berlin (PGzB, Physical Society in Berlin), a regional association of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
The Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft is the world's largest organization of physicists. The DPG's worldwide membership is cited as 60,000, as of 2011...

(German Physical Society), to yearly award the Karl-Scheel-Preis (Karl Scheel Prize
Karl Scheel Prize
The Karl-Scheel-Preis is an award given annually by the Physikalische Gesellschaft zu Berlin , a regional association of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft , for outstanding scientific work...

), for outstanding scientific work.

Literature by Scheel

  • Karl Scheel Die Physikalisch Technische Reichsanstalt in Charlottenburg, Akademische Rundschau (January, 1913), as cited in E. S. Hodgson Twenty-Five Years' Work at the Physikalisch - Technische Reichsanstalt, Charlottenburg, Nature Volume 91, Issue 2287, 665-667 (28 August 1913)

  • Karl Scheel Die Physik auf der 85. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte in Wien, September 1913, Die Naturwissenschaften
    Die Naturwissenschaften
    Naturwissenschaften is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer on behalf of several learned societies.- History :...

    Volume 1, 1175–1179 (28 November 1913) and 1205–1208 (5 December 1913)

  • Scheel, Holborn, Jaeger, and Brodhun Die Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt; Fünfundzwanzig Jahre ihrer Tätigkeit, Die Naturwissenschafien Numbers 8, 10, 12, and 14 (1913), as cited in E. S. Hodgson Twenty-Five Years' Work at the Physikalisch - Technische Reichsanstalt, Charlottenburg, Nature Volume 91, 665-667, Issue 2287 (28 August 1913)

  • Karl Scheel (Geh. Reg.-Rat. Prof. Dr.) Die Tätigkeit der Physikalisch-Technischen Reichsanstalt im Jahre 1916: Abteilung III für Wärme und Druck, Die Naturwissenschaften Volume 5, Number 47, 704 – 705 (November, 1917). Affiliation: Mitglied der Physikalisch-Technischen Reichsanstalt, Berlin-Dahlem.

  • Karl Scheel Die Tätigkeit der Physikalisch - Technischen Reichsanstalt im Jahre 1918, Die Naturwissenschaften
    Die Naturwissenschaften
    Naturwissenschaften is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer on behalf of several learned societies.- History :...

    Volume 7, Number 52, 997 – 1002 (December, 1919). Affiliation: Mitglied der Physikalisch-Technischen Reichsanstalt, Berlin-Dahlem.
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