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Karl Landsteiner

 

 
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Karl Landsteiner (June 14 1868 – June 26 1943), was an Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
n biologist
Biologist

A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life.Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment....
 and physician
Physician

A physician, medical practitioner, doctor of medicine, or medical doctor practices medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease and injury....
. He is noted for his development in 1901 of the modern system of classification of blood groups
Blood type

A blood type is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of Inheritance antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells ....
 from his identification of the presence of agglutinin
Agglutinin

Agglutinin is a protein found in cow's milk. Because agglutinin clumps, cow's milk requires homogenization in order to remain smooth. The process by which agglutinin clumps is called agglutination ....
s in the blood, and in 1930 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institutet. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Physiology or Medic...
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1karl Landsteiner
Karl Landsteiner (June 14 1868 – June 26 1943), was an Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
n biologist
Biologist

A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life.Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment....
 and physician
Physician

A physician, medical practitioner, doctor of medicine, or medical doctor practices medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease and injury....
. He is noted for his development in 1901 of the modern system of classification of blood groups
Blood type

A blood type is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of Inheritance antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells ....
 from his identification of the presence of agglutinin
Agglutinin

Agglutinin is a protein found in cow's milk. Because agglutinin clumps, cow's milk requires homogenization in order to remain smooth. The process by which agglutinin clumps is called agglutination ....
s in the blood, and in 1930 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institutet. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Physiology or Medic...
. With Alexander S. Wiener
Alexander S. Wiener

Dr. Alexander S. Wiener , a lifelong resident of New York City, was recognized internationally for his contributions to science. He was an outstanding leader in the fields of forensic medicine, serology, and immunogenetics....
, he identified the Rh factor
Rh factor

Rh factor can refer to:*Rhesus blood group system, a system of blood classification*The RH Factor, a jazz band...
 in 1937. Landsteiner and Erwin Popper discovered the poliovirus
Poliovirus

Poliovirus, the causative agent of poliomyelitis, is a human enterovirus and member of the family of Picornaviridae. Poliovirus is composed of a RNA genome and a protein capsid....
 in 1909. He was awarded a Lasker Award
Lasker Award

The Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards have been awarded annually since 1946 to living persons who have made major contributions to medical science....
 in 1946 posthumous
Posthumous recognition

File:US Flag-ceremony.JPGA posthumous recognition is a ceremonial award given after the recipient has died, usually in honor of an action associated with his or her death....
ly.

He was born in Vienna
Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
, Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
 to Leopold Landsteiner, a journalist
Journalist

A journalist is a person who practices journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events, trends, issues, and people while striving for viewpoints that aren't biased....
 and newspaper editor
Editing

Editing is the process of preparing language, s, sound, video, or film through correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications in various media....
 who was also a doctor of law. His father died when Karl was six, and he was raised by his mother, Fanny Hess. He earned a medical degree at the University of Vienna
University of Vienna

The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. Having opened in 1365, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe....
 in 1891, and was also well grounded in chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
, having studied under Hermann Emil Fischer
Hermann Emil Fischer

Hermann Emil Fischer was a Germany chemist and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1902....
. In 1908 he became professor
Professor

The meaning of the word professor varies. In some English-speaking countries, it refers to a senior academic who holds a departmental chair, especially as head of the Academic department, or a personal chair awarded specifically to that individual....
 of pathology
Pathology

Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of Organ , tissue , bodily fluids and whole bodies . The term also encompasses the related science study of disease processes, called General pathology....
 at the University of Vienna. In 1916 he married Helen Wlasto, and the couple had one son. Following World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
, he left for the Netherlands
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
. In 1922 he joined the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York
New York

The State of New York is a U.S. state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States and is the nation's List of U.S....
, and he remained there for the remainder of his life. During this period he became an American
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 citizen. Karl Landsteiner died of a heart attack
Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction , commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the Blood flow to part of the heart is interrupted. This is most commonly due to occlusion of a coronary artery following the rupture of a Vulnerable plaque, which is an unstable collection of lipids and white blood cells in the wall of an artery....
 while still working at his laboratory.

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