Karl Gustav von Baggovut
Encyclopedia
Karl Gustav von Baggehufwudt (Baggovut) ' onMouseout='HidePop("81155")' href="/topics/Julian_calendar">J
:16) September 1761 Perila
, Estonia
18 (J
:06) October 1812 battle of Winkowo, Russian Empire
was a Lieutenant General
in Russian Empire
taking part both in Napoleonic Wars
and Finnish War
. His family was originally Norwegian but had moved to Sweden in the 16th century then Estonia in the 17th century.
He was seen as one of the bravest Russian generals and, on his death, Alexander I of Russia
wrote to his widow "I have lost a brave commander, useful to the fatherland". His final rank was lieutenant general, to which he rose in December 1807.
Baggovut had three brothers and one sister:
. The young Karl began his military career in the Russian army later at the same year. At the rank of sub-lieutenant, he was attached to the Tobolsk infantry regiment as a Подпоручик, Second Lieutenant
of Russian Imperial Army. Later in September at the same year he was transferred into the 2nd battalion of the Finnish Chasseur Corps. In January 1781 he was transferred to the Dnepr Regiment and took part in the insurrection of the Crimean Tatars
. In 1783, he was promoted to a captain of the Siberian Grenadiers Regiment, at the same rank, distinguishing himself in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792), notably at the battle of Rymnik
on 22 September 1789 and the capture of the fortress of Bender
on 3–4 November 1789. Then his health deteriorated after reaching the rank of first-major, forcing him to leave the army.
Even so, in 1792, when the Polish–Russian War of 1792 broke out, Karl rejoined the army as a volunteer. Very quickly (3 January 1793) his courage enabled him to rejoin the Russian army officially at his old rank of first-major, in his old regiment, the Siberian Grenadier Regiment. Kościuszko Uprising
at Easter 1794, Baggovut was in Warsaw when its inhabitants began firing on disarmed Russians - he gathered a band of brave men around him and they managed to fight their way out of the city. On 4 November 1794, in the course of the assault on the Praga suburb of Warsaw on the right bank of the Vistula, Baggovut showed great bravery. After the Battle of Maciejowice
he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel
. In July 1795, he was placed at the head of a Belorussian battalion. In 1798 he was put in command of the 14th Chasseur Regiment and promoted to Colonel
. On 29 January 1799, Baggovut was promoted to major general, but on 27 July 1800 Paul I of Russia
dismissed him from his post. On his accession, Alexander I
recalled Karl, made him a major general again and put him in command of 4th Mounted Chasseur Regiment (15 November 1801.
, he was known as one of the Russian army's bravest generals. On 26 December 1806, during the Battle of Pułtusk, he protected the river Narew. For this heroic act he was given the Order of Saint George, 3rd class. At the Battle of Eylau
in 1807, Karl received orders to hold back the enemy advance to allow the Russo-Prussian troops to take possessions of the fortifications - in the course of the fighting he was seriously wounded in the chest. He also distinguished himself at the Battle of Heilsberg
and at the Battle of Friedland
- at the latter, he was again seriously wounded and seriously concussed, forcing him to leave the battlefield before the end of the fighting. During this military campaign he was also promoted to Lieutenant General
.
. On 7 September 1812, at the start of the battle of Borodino
, Karl's troops initially occupied the right wing before being displaced towards the left wing in the outskirts of the village of Outitsy during the course of the fighting. After general Nikolay Tuchkov
was mortally wounded, Karl took over command of Russian forces on the left flank.
For his bravery at Borodino, he was given the Order of Alexander Nevsky
, but was killed before receiving this distinction. At the (battle of Winkowo) Battle of Tarutino
on 18 October 1812, Karl Feodorovitch Baggovut was placed at the head of an infantry column made up of two corps. At the start of the battle, leading the Russian army's attack, he was killed by a cannon ball shot by the French artillery. He was buried in the Lavretievski monastery at Kaluga
.
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar began in 45 BC as a reform of the Roman calendar by Julius Caesar. It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year .The Julian calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months...
:16) September 1761 Perila
Perila
Perila is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia....
, Estonia
Estonia
Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
18 (J
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar began in 45 BC as a reform of the Roman calendar by Julius Caesar. It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year .The Julian calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months...
:06) October 1812 battle of Winkowo, Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
was a Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....
in Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
taking part both in Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
and Finnish War
Finnish War
The Finnish War was fought between Sweden and the Russian Empire from February 1808 to September 1809. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire...
. His family was originally Norwegian but had moved to Sweden in the 16th century then Estonia in the 17th century.
He was seen as one of the bravest Russian generals and, on his death, Alexander I of Russia
Alexander I of Russia
Alexander I of Russia , served as Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825 and the first Russian King of Poland from 1815 to 1825. He was also the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland and Lithuania....
wrote to his widow "I have lost a brave commander, useful to the fatherland". His final rank was lieutenant general, to which he rose in December 1807.
Family
Baggovut was married to Elisaveta Jakovlevna (Margareth Elisabeth) von Fock.Baggovut had three brothers and one sister:
- Vladimir Fedorovich (Eduard Woldemar Ferdinand) Baggovut: Counselor of State
- Ivan Feodorovitch Baggovut: Colonel in the army of Imperial Russia
- Feodor Feodorovitch Baggovut: Counselor to the Court
- Julia Fedorovna (Anna Charlotta Juliana) Baggovut: (1760–1839), Director of the Society of Education of young noblewomen, wife of Gustav-Friedrich Adlerberg (1738–1794)
Early life
In 1779 Karl's father purchased to Karl Gustav a patent for the rank of the captain of the troops of the margrave of Ansbach-BayreuthPrincipality of Ansbach
The Principality of Ansbach or Brandenburg-Ansbach was a reichsfrei principality in the Holy Roman Empire centered on the Bavarian city of Ansbach...
. The young Karl began his military career in the Russian army later at the same year. At the rank of sub-lieutenant, he was attached to the Tobolsk infantry regiment as a Подпоручик, Second Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant
Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces.- United Kingdom and Commonwealth :The rank second lieutenant was introduced throughout the British Army in 1871 to replace the rank of ensign , although it had long been used in the Royal Artillery, Royal...
of Russian Imperial Army. Later in September at the same year he was transferred into the 2nd battalion of the Finnish Chasseur Corps. In January 1781 he was transferred to the Dnepr Regiment and took part in the insurrection of the Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars or Crimeans are a Turkic ethnic group that originally resided in Crimea. They speak the Crimean Tatar language...
. In 1783, he was promoted to a captain of the Siberian Grenadiers Regiment, at the same rank, distinguishing himself in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792), notably at the battle of Rymnik
Battle of Rymnik
In the Battle of Râmnic took place in Wallachia, near Râmnicu Sărat, during the Russo-Turkish War. The Russian general Alexander Suvorov, acting together with the Habsburg general Prince Josias of Coburg, attacked the main Ottoman army under Grand Vizier Koca Yusuf Pasha, following a grueling...
on 22 September 1789 and the capture of the fortress of Bender
Bender
- Places:* Bender, Moldova, also known as Bendery or Tighina* Bender, California, a former settlement in Fresno County, California* Bender Bayla District, a district of Bari, Somalia- Fiction :...
on 3–4 November 1789. Then his health deteriorated after reaching the rank of first-major, forcing him to leave the army.
Even so, in 1792, when the Polish–Russian War of 1792 broke out, Karl rejoined the army as a volunteer. Very quickly (3 January 1793) his courage enabled him to rejoin the Russian army officially at his old rank of first-major, in his old regiment, the Siberian Grenadier Regiment. Kościuszko Uprising
Kosciuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising was an uprising against Imperial Russia and the Kingdom of Prussia led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland, Belarus and Lithuania in 1794...
at Easter 1794, Baggovut was in Warsaw when its inhabitants began firing on disarmed Russians - he gathered a band of brave men around him and they managed to fight their way out of the city. On 4 November 1794, in the course of the assault on the Praga suburb of Warsaw on the right bank of the Vistula, Baggovut showed great bravery. After the Battle of Maciejowice
Battle of Maciejowice
The Battle of Maciejowice was fought on October 10, 1794, between Poland and the Russian Empire.The Poles were led by Tadeusz Kościuszko. Kościuszko with 6,200 men planned to prevent the linking of two larger Russian armies, 12,000 under Iwan Fersen and 12,500 under Alexander Suvorov...
he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel
Lieutenant colonel
Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence...
. In July 1795, he was placed at the head of a Belorussian battalion. In 1798 he was put in command of the 14th Chasseur Regiment and promoted to Colonel
Colonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
. On 29 January 1799, Baggovut was promoted to major general, but on 27 July 1800 Paul I of Russia
Paul I of Russia
Paul I was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801. He also was the 72nd Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta .-Childhood:...
dismissed him from his post. On his accession, Alexander I
Alexander I of Russia
Alexander I of Russia , served as Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825 and the first Russian King of Poland from 1815 to 1825. He was also the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland and Lithuania....
recalled Karl, made him a major general again and put him in command of 4th Mounted Chasseur Regiment (15 November 1801.
Napoleonic Wars 1804 - 1808
On 26 November 1804, for his 25 years' service as an officer in the Imperial Russian army, Baggovut received the Order of Saint George (4th class). During the War of the Fourth CoalitionWar of the Fourth Coalition
The Fourth Coalition against Napoleon's French Empire was defeated in a war spanning 1806–1807. Coalition partners included Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and the United Kingdom....
, he was known as one of the Russian army's bravest generals. On 26 December 1806, during the Battle of Pułtusk, he protected the river Narew. For this heroic act he was given the Order of Saint George, 3rd class. At the Battle of Eylau
Battle of Eylau
The Battle of Eylau or Battle of Preussisch-Eylau, 7 and 8 February 1807, was a bloody and inconclusive battle between Napoléon's Grande Armée and a Russian Empire army under Levin August, Count von Bennigsen near the town of Preußisch Eylau in East Prussia. Late in the battle, the Russians...
in 1807, Karl received orders to hold back the enemy advance to allow the Russo-Prussian troops to take possessions of the fortifications - in the course of the fighting he was seriously wounded in the chest. He also distinguished himself at the Battle of Heilsberg
Battle of Heilsberg
The Battle of Heilsberg took place on 10 June 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars.-Overview:On 24 May 1807, the Siege of Danzig ended when Prussian General Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth capitulated to French Marshal Francois Joseph Lefebvre. With Gdansk secured, Napoleon was now free to turn...
and at the Battle of Friedland
Battle of Friedland
The Battle of Friedland saw Napoleon I's French army decisively defeat Count von Bennigsen's Russian army about twenty-seven miles southeast of Königsberg...
- at the latter, he was again seriously wounded and seriously concussed, forcing him to leave the battlefield before the end of the fighting. During this military campaign he was also promoted to Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....
.
Finnish War 1808
Swedish Major General Eberhard von Vegesack landed at Lemo south of Turku with 2800 strong 19 June 1808. Baggovut commanded Russian troops. The battle lasted 18 hours and von Vegesack troops war forced to retreat back to Sweden. Later in the autumn (26 september 1808) the Swedish forces reneved the landind to Helsinki village (Taivassalo). Baggovut repelled this landing attempt too.Napoleonic Wars 1812
During Napoleon's invasion of Russia, Karl commanded 2nd Infantry Corps of 1st Western Army under Michael Andreas Barclay de TollyMichael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly , was a Russian Field Marshal and Minister of War during Napoleon's invasion in 1812 and War of the Sixth Coalition.-Early life:...
. On 7 September 1812, at the start of the battle of Borodino
Battle of Borodino
The Battle of Borodino , fought on September 7, 1812, was the largest and bloodiest single-day action of the French invasion of Russia and all Napoleonic Wars, involving more than 250,000 troops and resulting in at least 70,000 casualties...
, Karl's troops initially occupied the right wing before being displaced towards the left wing in the outskirts of the village of Outitsy during the course of the fighting. After general Nikolay Tuchkov
Nikolay Tuchkov
Nikolay Alexeivich Tuchkov was a Russian general of the Russo-Swedish War , the suppression of the Kościuszko Uprising and the opposition to the French invasion of Russia. He rose to the rank of lieutenant general and commander of an infantry corps....
was mortally wounded, Karl took over command of Russian forces on the left flank.
For his bravery at Borodino, he was given the Order of Alexander Nevsky
Order of Alexander Nevsky
The Order of Alexander Nevsky is an order of merit bestowed by the Russian Federation. It is named in honour ofAlexander Nevsky's struggle with the Teutonic Knights....
, but was killed before receiving this distinction. At the (battle of Winkowo) Battle of Tarutino
Battle of Tarutino
The Battle of Tarutino was a part of Napoleon's invasion of Russia. The battle is sometimes called the Battle of Vinkovo or the Battle of Chernishnya after the local river. Many historians claim that the latter name is more fitting because the village of Tarutino was 8 km from the described events...
on 18 October 1812, Karl Feodorovitch Baggovut was placed at the head of an infantry column made up of two corps. At the start of the battle, leading the Russian army's attack, he was killed by a cannon ball shot by the French artillery. He was buried in the Lavretievski monastery at Kaluga
Kaluga
Kaluga is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River southwest of Moscow. Population: It is served by Grabtsevo Airport.-History:...
.
Ranks and Insignians
| Insignia | Rank | Army | Date of promotion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Подпоручик, Second Lieutenant Second Lieutenant Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces.- United Kingdom and Commonwealth :The rank second lieutenant was introduced throughout the British Army in 1871 to replace the rank of ensign , although it had long been used in the Royal Artillery, Royal... |
Russian Imperial Army | 4 (J Julian calendar The Julian calendar began in 45 BC as a reform of the Roman calendar by Julius Caesar. It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year .The Julian calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months... :24Mar) April 1779 |
|
| Kапитан, Captain | Russian Imperial Army | 1782 | |
| Премьер-майор, Premier/First Major |
Russian Imperial Army | 24 (J Julian calendar The Julian calendar began in 45 BC as a reform of the Roman calendar by Julius Caesar. It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year .The Julian calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months... :13) December 1792 |
|
| Подполковник, Sub-Polkovnik/Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant colonel Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence... |
Russian Imperial Army | October 1794 | |
| Полковник, Colonel Colonel Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures... |
Russian Imperial Army | 14 (J Julian calendar The Julian calendar began in 45 BC as a reform of the Roman calendar by Julius Caesar. It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year .The Julian calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months... :3) February 1798 |
|
| Генерал-майор, Major General Major General Major general or major-general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. A major general is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general... |
Russian Imperial Army | 09 (J Julian calendar The Julian calendar began in 45 BC as a reform of the Roman calendar by Julius Caesar. It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year .The Julian calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months... :29Jan) February 1799 |
|
| Генерал-лейтенант, Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General.... |
Russian Imperial Army | 24 (J Julian calendar The Julian calendar began in 45 BC as a reform of the Roman calendar by Julius Caesar. It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year .The Julian calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months... :3) December 1807 |