Karakalpak language

	Email		Print
	Bookmark		Link

Karakalpak language

Karakalpak is a Turkic language mainly spoken by Karakalpaks

Karakalpaks

The Karakalpaks are a Turkic peoples ethnic group who mainly live in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and in the river delta of Amu Darya on the southern shore of the Aral Sea in Uzbekistan....
in Karakalpakstan

Karakalpakstan

Karakalpakstan is an autonomous republic of Uzbekistan. It occupies the whole western end of Uzbekistan. The capital is Nukus . The Republic of Karakalpakstan has an area of ....
(Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan , is a Landlocked_country#Doubly_landlocked_country country in Central Asia, formerly part of the Soviet Union....
), as well as by Bashkirs and Nogay. Ethnic Karakalpaks who live in the viloyatlar of Uzbekistan

Provinces of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is divided into 12 provinces , 1 autonomous republic , and 1 independent city . Names are given below in the Uzbek language, although numerous variations of the transliterations of each name exist....
tend to speak local Uzbek dialects.

kalpak is a member of the Kypchak

Kypchak languages

The Kypchak languages , are a major branch of the Turkic languages spoken by more than 12 million people in an area spanning from Lithuania to China....
Turkic family of languages, which includes Tatar

Tatar language

The Tatar language is a Turkic languages language spoken by the Tatars....
, Kumyk

Kumyk language

Kumyk is a Turkic languages, spoken by about 365,000 speakers in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.Yir?i Qazaq is usually considered to be a founder of Kumyk literature....
and Kazakh

Kazakh language

Kazakh is a Turkic languages language closely related to Nogai language and Karakalpak language.Kazakh is an agglutinative language, and it employs vowel harmony....
, in addition to Karakalpak. The Kipchak family is a subgroup of the Turkic languages

Turkic languages

The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea to Siberia and Western China, and are sometimes considered to be part of the proposed Altaic languages....
, which most linguists believe to be member of an Altaic language family

Altaic languages

Altaic is a disputed language family that is generally held by its proponents to include the Turkic languages, Mongolic languages, Tungusic languages, Korean language, and Japonic languages language families ....
. Within the Kypchak Turkic family, Karakalpak is most closely related to Kazakh

Kazakh language

Kazakh is a Turkic languages language closely related to Nogai language and Karakalpak language.Kazakh is an agglutinative language, and it employs vowel harmony....
and Nogai

Nogai language

Nogai , is a Turkic languages language spoken in southwestern Russia. Three distinct dialects are recognized: Qara-Nogay , spoken in Dagestan; Nogai Proper, in Stavropol; and Aqnogay , by the Kuban River, its tributaries in Karachay-Cherkessia, and in the Mineralnye Vody District....
.

Discussion

Ask a question about 'Karakalpak language'

Start a new discussion about 'Karakalpak language'

Answer questions from other users

Full Discussion Forum

Encyclopedia

Karakalpak is a Turkic language mainly spoken by Karakalpaks

Karakalpaks

Karakalpakstan

Karakalpakstan is an autonomous republic of Uzbekistan. It occupies the whole western end of Uzbekistan. The capital is Nukus . The Republic of Karakalpakstan has an area of ....
(Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan

Provinces of Uzbekistan

Classification

Karakalpak is a member of the Kypchak

Kypchak languages

Tatar language

The Tatar language is a Turkic languages language spoken by the Tatars....
, Kumyk

Kumyk language

Kumyk is a Turkic languages, spoken by about 365,000 speakers in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.Yir?i Qazaq is usually considered to be a founder of Kumyk literature....
and Kazakh

Kazakh language

Turkic languages

Altaic languages

Kazakh language

Kazakh is a Turkic languages language closely related to Nogai language and Karakalpak language.Kazakh is an agglutinative language, and it employs vowel harmony....
and Nogai

Nogai language

Uzbek language

Uzbek is a Turkic languages and the official language of Uzbekistan. It has about 23.5 million native speakers, and it is spoken by the Uzbeks in Uzbekistan and elsewhere in Central Asia....
areal, much of the vocabulary and grammar has an Uzbek influence.

Like Finnish, Hungarian

Hungarian language

Hungarian is a Uralic languages unrelated to most other languages in Europe. It is mainly spoken in Hungary and by the Hungarian minorities in the seven neighbouring countries....
, and Turkish

Turkish language

Turkish is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe....
, Karakalpak has vowel harmony

Vowel harmony

Vowel harmony is a type of long-distance Assimilation Phonology process involving vowels in some languages. In languages with vowel harmony, there are constraints on what vowels may be found near each other....
, is agglutinative

Agglutinative language

An agglutinative language is a language that uses agglutination extensively: most words are formed by joining morphemes together. This term was introduced by Wilhelm von Humboldt in 1836 to classify languages from a morphology point of view....
and has no grammatical gender

Grammatical gender

In linguistics, grammatical genders, sometimes also called noun classes, are classes of nouns reflected in the behavior of associated words; every noun must belong to one of the classes and there should be very few which belong to several classes at once....
. Word order is usually Subject Object Verb

Subject Object Verb

In linguistic typology, Subject Object Verb is the type of languages in which the subject , object , and verb of a sentence appear or usually appear in that order....
.

Geographic Distribution

Karakalpak is spoken mainly in the Karakalpakstan

Karakalpakstan

Karakalpakstan is an autonomous republic of Uzbekistan. It occupies the whole western end of Uzbekistan. The capital is Nukus . The Republic of Karakalpakstan has an area of ....
Autonomous Republic of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan

Afghanistan

Afghanistan , officially the Islamic republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia....
speak Karakalpak and smaller diaspora in other parts of Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a large Eurasian country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the List of countries by area as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km? ....
, Turkey

Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
, and other parts of the world speak Karakalpak as well.

Official Status

Karakalpak has official status in the Karakalpakstan Autonomous Republic.

Dialects

The Ethnologue

Ethnologue

Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International , a Christianity linguistics service organization, which studies lesser-known languages, primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles, in their native language....
identifies two dialects of Karakalpak: Northeastern and Southeastern. Menges mentions a third possible dialect spoken in the Fergana Valley

Fergana Valley

The Fergana Valley or Farghana Valley is a region in Central Asia spreading across eastern Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Shakhimardan khanate Pamirs Central Asia....
.

Sounds

Karakalpak has 21 native consonant phonemes and regularly uses 4 non-native phonemes in loan words. Non-native sounds are shown in parentheses.

**Consonant phonemes**
	Labial Labial consonant Labials are consonants articulated either with both lips or with the lower lip and the upper teeth . English is a bilabial nasal consonant sonorant, and are bilabial stop consonant , and are labiodental fricative consonant....		Alveolar Alveolar consonant Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the Dental alveolus of the superior teeth....		Palatal Palatal consonant Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate . Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex consonant....		Velar Velar consonant Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the Soft palate)....		Uvular Uvular consonant Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the Palatine uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants....		Glottal Glottal consonant Glottal consonants are consonants articulated with the glottis. Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the so-called fricatives, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have; in fact, some do not consider them to be consonants at all....
Nasal Nasal consonant A nasal consonant is produced with a lowered soft palate in the mouth, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The oral cavity still acts as a resonance chamber for the sound, but the air does not escape through the mouth as it is blocked by the tongue....
Plosive
Affricate Affricate consonant Affricate consonants begin as stop consonants but release as a fricative consonant rather than directly into the following vowel....
Fricative Fricative consonant Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two Place of articulation close together. These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of ; the back of the tongue against the soft palate, in the case of German language , the final consonant of Bach; or the side of the tongue ag...
Rhotic Rhotic consonant Rhotic consonants, or "R"-like sounds, are non-lateral liquid consonants. This class of sounds is difficult to characterise phonetically, though most of them share some acoustic peculiarities, most notably a lowered third formant in their sound spectrum....
Approximant Approximant consonant Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and "typical" consonants. In the articulation of approximants, articulatory organs produce a narrowing of the vocal tract, but leave enough space for air to flow without much audible turbulence....

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony

Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
or other languages may not observe rules of vowel harmony, but the following rules usually apply:

Vowel	May be followed by:

Vocabulary

Personal Pronouns

men I, sen you (singular), ol he, she, it, that, biz we, siz you (plural), olar they

Numbers

bir 1, eki 2, u'sh 3, to'rt 4, bes 5, alti 6, jeti 7, segiz 8, tog'is 9, on 10, ju'z 100, min 1000

Writing system
Karakalpak was written in the Arabic alphabet
Arabic alphabet

The Arabic alphabet is the writing system used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa, such as Arabic language, Persian language, and Urdu language....
and in Persian until 1928, in the Latin alphabet
Latin alphabet

The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. It evolved from the western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumae alphabet, and was initially developed by the Ancient Romes to write the Latin....
(with additional characters) from 1928 to 1940, after which the Cyrillic alphabet
Cyrillic alphabet

The Cyrillic alphabet is a family of alphabets, subsets of which are used by five Slavic languages national languages as well as non-Slavic . It is also used by many other languages of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Siberia and other languages in the past....
was introduced. Following Uzbek independence in 1991 the decision was made to drop Cyrillic and to revert to the Latin alphabet. Whilst the use of Latin script is now widespread in Tashkent
Tashkent

Tashkent is the Capital of Uzbekistan and also of the Tashkent Province. The officially registered population of the city in 2008 was 2.18 million....
, its introduction into Karakalpakstan remains gradual. The Cyrillic and Latin alphabets are shown below with their equivalent representations in the IPA. Cyrillic letters with no representation in the Latin alphabet are marked with asterisks.

Cyrillic Latin IPA     Cyrillic Latin IPA     Cyrillic Latin IPA
?? Aa     ?? Qq     ?? Ff
?? A'a'     ?? Ll     ?? Xx
?? Bb     ?? Mm     ?? Hh
?? Vv     ?? Nn     ??* ts
?? Gg     ?? N'n'     ??* sh
?? G'g'     ?? Oo     ?? SHsh
?? Dd     ?? O'o'     ??* sh
?? Ee     ?? Pp     ??*
??* yo     ?? Rr     ?? Ii
?? Jj     ?? Ss     ??*
?? Zz     ?? Tt     ?? Ee
?? Ii     ?? Uu     ??* yu
?? Yy     ?? U'u'     ?? ya
?? Kk     ?? Ww

External links