Kanal (film)
Encyclopedia
Kanał (ˈkanaw, Sewer) is a 1956 Polish film
Cinema of Poland
The history of cinema in Poland is almost as long as history of cinematography, and it has universal achievements, even though Polish movies tend to be less commercially available than movies from several other European nations....

 directed by Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Wajda is a Polish film director. Recipient of an honorary Oscar, he is possibly the most prominent member of the unofficial "Polish Film School"...

. It was the first film made about the Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army , to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces...

, telling the story of a company of Home Army resistance fighters escaping the Nazi
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...

 onslaught through the city's sewers
Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer is a separate underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings to treatment or disposal. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas also carry industrial wastewater...

. Kanał is the second film of Wajda's War Trilogy
Trilogy
A trilogy is a set of three works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, or video games...

, preceded by A Generation
A Generation
A Generation is a 1955 Polish film directed by Andrzej Wajda. It is based on the novel Pokolenie by Bohdan Czeszko, who also wrote the script, and it was Wajda's first film and the opening installment of what became his Three War Films trilogy set in the Second World War, completed by Kanal and...

and followed by Ashes and Diamonds
Ashes and Diamonds (film)
Ashes and Diamonds is a 1958 Polish film directed by Andrzej Wajda, based on the 1948 novel by Polish writer Jerzy Andrzejewski...

.

Plot

It is 25 September 1944, during the last days of the Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army , to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces...

. Lieutenant
Lieutenant
A lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces. Typically, the rank of lieutenant in naval usage, while still a junior officer rank, is senior to the army rank...

 Zadra leads a unit of 43 soldiers and civilians to a new position amidst the ruins of the Mokotów
Mokotów
Mokotów is a dzielnica of Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Mokotów is densely populated. It is a seat to many foreign embassies and companies...

 district.

The composer Michal manages to telephone his wife and child in the German-controlled portion of the city. After a few words, she tells him that the Germans are clearing the building and that they are coming for her. Then the line goes dead. The next morning, 23-year-old Officer Cadet Korab apologizes after walking into a room to find the second in command, Lieutenant Madry, and messenger girl Halinka in bed. (Halinka later reveals that Madry is her first lover.) A German
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...

 attack is beaten off, but Korab is wounded.

Surrounded by the enemy, Zadra is ordered to retreat through the sewers to the downtown district. Now down to 27 fit to travel, including Korab, they slog through the filth.

Daisy, their guide, asks Zadra to let her help Korab, claiming that the others can find their way easily enough. Zadra allows it. However, the pair fall further and further behind. When they reach the right turnoff, Korab is too weak to climb the upward sloping tunnel, so they rest for a while. He notices some graffiti
Graffiti
Graffiti is the name for images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted or marked in any manner on property....

 on the opposite wall, but cannot quite make it out. Daisy tells him it says "I love Janek", when the name is actually Jacek, Korab's first name. Afterward, she drives him on, not letting him stop. They proceed in a less taxing direction. Finally, they see sunlight. By this time, Korab is half blind and at the end of his strength. He cannot see that the exit is closed off by metal bars. Daisy finally reveals her feelings for him, kissing him before telling him that he can rest for a while.

The main group follows Zadra for a while, but they become lost without Daisy. Finally, when Zadra tells Sergeant Kula to order them onward after a brief rest, they remain where they are. Kula lies and tells Zadra they are following in order to get him to keep going.

Meanwhile, Madry, Halinka and Michal are also on their own. Eventually, Michal loses his mind and wanders away, playing an ocarina
Ocarina
The ocarina is an ancient flute-like wind instrument. Variations do exist, but a typical ocarina is an enclosed space with four to twelve finger holes and a mouthpiece that projects from the body...

. Upon reaching a dead end, Madry cries out that he has somebody to live for; when Halinka asks who, he tells her he has a wife and child. She asks him to turn off his flashlight, then shoots herself. Madry finds an exit, but when he emerges, he joins the rest of his unit as German captives. Despondent, he kneels beside the bodies of others who have apparently been executed.

Zadra, Kula and a third man find another exit, but it is booby trapped. The other man disarms two German grenades, but is killed by the third and last. Zadra and Kula find themselves in a deserted part of the city. When Zadra tells Kula to bring up the rest of the men, Kula admits he lied. Enraged, Zadra shoots him and reluctantly heads back down for a futile search for his men.

Production

The script was written by Jerzy Stefan Stawiński
Jerzy Stefan Stawiński
Jerzy Stefan Stawiński was a Polish screenwriter and film director. Beginning in 1957 he had written or co-written 29 films. He wrote a segment of the film Love at Twenty, which was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival.He grew up in the Żoliborz district of Warsaw. When World...

 who himself survived in the sewers as a soldier of Armia Krajowa
Armia Krajowa
The Armia Krajowa , or Home Army, was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II German-occupied Poland. It was formed in February 1942 from the Związek Walki Zbrojnej . Over the next two years, it absorbed most other Polish underground forces...

 (the Polish underground resistance army) during the Warsaw Uprising. It was made by P.P. Film Polski at its production unit, Zespol Filmowy "Kadr"

Releases

Kanał earned Wajda the Special Jury Prize
Special Jury Prize
Several awards ceremonies have a Special Jury Prize# Jury Prize # Special Jury Prize...

 at the 1957 Cannes Film Festival
1957 Cannes Film Festival
-Jury:*André Maurois *Jean Cocteau *Maurice Genevoix *Georges Huisman *Maurice Lehmann *Marcel Pagnol *Michael Powell *Jules Romains...

. Censorship
Censorship
thumb|[[Book burning]] following the [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|1973 coup]] that installed the [[Military government of Chile |Pinochet regime]] in Chile...

 remained strong in Poland, but the fall of the Stalinist regime of Bolesław Bierut following the death of Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...

 led to a loss of control allowing the film, "showing the tragic fate of those who followed the wrong orders", as the press put it at the time, to be made. Polish critics state that the film paved the way for other films of the Polish School
Polish Film School
Polish Film School refers to an informal group of Polish film directors and screenplay writers active between 1955 and approximately 1963.The group was under heavy influence of Italian neorealists. It took advantage of the liberal changes in Poland after the 1956 to portray the complexity of...

 of filmmakers.

Cast

  • Teresa Izewska as Stokrotka (Daisy)
  • Tadeusz Janczar
    Tadeusz Janczar
    Tadeusz Janczar was a Polish film actor. He appeared in 26 films between 1952 and 1983.-Selected filmography:* Landscape After the Battle * Bad Luck * Farewells * Kanał * A Generation...

     as Jacek Korab
  • Wienczysław Glinski as Lt. Zadra
  • Tadeusz Gwiazdowski as Sgt. Kula
  • Stanisław Mikulski as Smukly
  • Emil Karewicz
    Emil Karewicz
    Emil Karewicz is a Polish television and cinema actor.-External links:...

     as Lt. Madry
  • Vladek Sheybal
    Vladek Sheybal
    Vladek Sheybal , born Władysław Sheybal, was a Polish character actor, whose career lasted from the 1950s into the 1980s. He was probably best known for his portrayal of the chess grandmaster Kronsteen in the 1963 James Bond film From Russia with Love, a role for which he had been personally...

     as Michal, the composer (credited as Wladyslaw Sheybal)
  • Teresa Berezowska as Halinka

External links


Kanał (ˈkanaw, Sewer) is a 1956 Polish film
Cinema of Poland
The history of cinema in Poland is almost as long as history of cinematography, and it has universal achievements, even though Polish movies tend to be less commercially available than movies from several other European nations....

 directed by Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Wajda is a Polish film director. Recipient of an honorary Oscar, he is possibly the most prominent member of the unofficial "Polish Film School"...

. It was the first film made about the Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army , to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces...

, telling the story of a company of Home Army resistance fighters escaping the Nazi
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...

 onslaught through the city's sewers
Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer is a separate underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings to treatment or disposal. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas also carry industrial wastewater...

. Kanał is the second film of Wajda's War Trilogy
Trilogy
A trilogy is a set of three works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, or video games...

, preceded by A Generation
A Generation
A Generation is a 1955 Polish film directed by Andrzej Wajda. It is based on the novel Pokolenie by Bohdan Czeszko, who also wrote the script, and it was Wajda's first film and the opening installment of what became his Three War Films trilogy set in the Second World War, completed by Kanal and...

and followed by Ashes and Diamonds
Ashes and Diamonds (film)
Ashes and Diamonds is a 1958 Polish film directed by Andrzej Wajda, based on the 1948 novel by Polish writer Jerzy Andrzejewski...

.

Plot

It is 25 September 1944, during the last days of the Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army , to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces...

. Lieutenant
Lieutenant
A lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces. Typically, the rank of lieutenant in naval usage, while still a junior officer rank, is senior to the army rank...

 Zadra leads a unit of 43 soldiers and civilians to a new position amidst the ruins of the Mokotów
Mokotów
Mokotów is a dzielnica of Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Mokotów is densely populated. It is a seat to many foreign embassies and companies...

 district.

The composer Michal manages to telephone his wife and child in the German-controlled portion of the city. After a few words, she tells him that the Germans are clearing the building and that they are coming for her. Then the line goes dead. The next morning, 23-year-old Officer Cadet Korab apologizes after walking into a room to find the second in command, Lieutenant Madry, and messenger girl Halinka in bed. (Halinka later reveals that Madry is her first lover.) A German
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...

 attack is beaten off, but Korab is wounded.

Surrounded by the enemy, Zadra is ordered to retreat through the sewers to the downtown district. Now down to 27 fit to travel, including Korab, they slog through the filth.

Daisy, their guide, asks Zadra to let her help Korab, claiming that the others can find their way easily enough. Zadra allows it. However, the pair fall further and further behind. When they reach the right turnoff, Korab is too weak to climb the upward sloping tunnel, so they rest for a while. He notices some graffiti
Graffiti
Graffiti is the name for images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted or marked in any manner on property....

 on the opposite wall, but cannot quite make it out. Daisy tells him it says "I love Janek", when the name is actually Jacek, Korab's first name. Afterward, she drives him on, not letting him stop. They proceed in a less taxing direction. Finally, they see sunlight. By this time, Korab is half blind and at the end of his strength. He cannot see that the exit is closed off by metal bars. Daisy finally reveals her feelings for him, kissing him before telling him that he can rest for a while.

The main group follows Zadra for a while, but they become lost without Daisy. Finally, when Zadra tells Sergeant Kula to order them onward after a brief rest, they remain where they are. Kula lies and tells Zadra they are following in order to get him to keep going.

Meanwhile, Madry, Halinka and Michal are also on their own. Eventually, Michal loses his mind and wanders away, playing an ocarina
Ocarina
The ocarina is an ancient flute-like wind instrument. Variations do exist, but a typical ocarina is an enclosed space with four to twelve finger holes and a mouthpiece that projects from the body...

. Upon reaching a dead end, Madry cries out that he has somebody to live for; when Halinka asks who, he tells her he has a wife and child. She asks him to turn off his flashlight, then shoots herself. Madry finds an exit, but when he emerges, he joins the rest of his unit as German captives. Despondent, he kneels beside the bodies of others who have apparently been executed.

Zadra, Kula and a third man find another exit, but it is booby trapped. The other man disarms two German grenades, but is killed by the third and last. Zadra and Kula find themselves in a deserted part of the city. When Zadra tells Kula to bring up the rest of the men, Kula admits he lied. Enraged, Zadra shoots him and reluctantly heads back down for a futile search for his men.

Production

The script was written by Jerzy Stefan Stawiński
Jerzy Stefan Stawiński
Jerzy Stefan Stawiński was a Polish screenwriter and film director. Beginning in 1957 he had written or co-written 29 films. He wrote a segment of the film Love at Twenty, which was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival.He grew up in the Żoliborz district of Warsaw. When World...

 who himself survived in the sewers as a soldier of Armia Krajowa
Armia Krajowa
The Armia Krajowa , or Home Army, was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II German-occupied Poland. It was formed in February 1942 from the Związek Walki Zbrojnej . Over the next two years, it absorbed most other Polish underground forces...

 (the Polish underground resistance army) during the Warsaw Uprising. It was made by P.P. Film Polski at its production unit, Zespol Filmowy "Kadr"

Releases

Kanał earned Wajda the Special Jury Prize
Special Jury Prize
Several awards ceremonies have a Special Jury Prize# Jury Prize # Special Jury Prize...

 at the 1957 Cannes Film Festival
1957 Cannes Film Festival
-Jury:*André Maurois *Jean Cocteau *Maurice Genevoix *Georges Huisman *Maurice Lehmann *Marcel Pagnol *Michael Powell *Jules Romains...

. Censorship
Censorship
thumb|[[Book burning]] following the [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|1973 coup]] that installed the [[Military government of Chile |Pinochet regime]] in Chile...

 remained strong in Poland, but the fall of the Stalinist regime of Bolesław Bierut following the death of Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...

 led to a loss of control allowing the film, "showing the tragic fate of those who followed the wrong orders", as the press put it at the time, to be made. Polish critics state that the film paved the way for other films of the Polish School
Polish Film School
Polish Film School refers to an informal group of Polish film directors and screenplay writers active between 1955 and approximately 1963.The group was under heavy influence of Italian neorealists. It took advantage of the liberal changes in Poland after the 1956 to portray the complexity of...

 of filmmakers.

Cast

  • Teresa Izewska as Stokrotka (Daisy)
  • Tadeusz Janczar
    Tadeusz Janczar
    Tadeusz Janczar was a Polish film actor. He appeared in 26 films between 1952 and 1983.-Selected filmography:* Landscape After the Battle * Bad Luck * Farewells * Kanał * A Generation...

     as Jacek Korab
  • Wienczysław Glinski as Lt. Zadra
  • Tadeusz Gwiazdowski as Sgt. Kula
  • Stanisław Mikulski as Smukly
  • Emil Karewicz
    Emil Karewicz
    Emil Karewicz is a Polish television and cinema actor.-External links:...

     as Lt. Madry
  • Vladek Sheybal
    Vladek Sheybal
    Vladek Sheybal , born Władysław Sheybal, was a Polish character actor, whose career lasted from the 1950s into the 1980s. He was probably best known for his portrayal of the chess grandmaster Kronsteen in the 1963 James Bond film From Russia with Love, a role for which he had been personally...

     as Michal, the composer (credited as Wladyslaw Sheybal)
  • Teresa Berezowska as Halinka

External links


Kanał (ˈkanaw, Sewer) is a 1956 Polish film
Cinema of Poland
The history of cinema in Poland is almost as long as history of cinematography, and it has universal achievements, even though Polish movies tend to be less commercially available than movies from several other European nations....

 directed by Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Wajda is a Polish film director. Recipient of an honorary Oscar, he is possibly the most prominent member of the unofficial "Polish Film School"...

. It was the first film made about the Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army , to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces...

, telling the story of a company of Home Army resistance fighters escaping the Nazi
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...

 onslaught through the city's sewers
Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer is a separate underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings to treatment or disposal. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas also carry industrial wastewater...

. Kanał is the second film of Wajda's War Trilogy
Trilogy
A trilogy is a set of three works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, or video games...

, preceded by A Generation
A Generation
A Generation is a 1955 Polish film directed by Andrzej Wajda. It is based on the novel Pokolenie by Bohdan Czeszko, who also wrote the script, and it was Wajda's first film and the opening installment of what became his Three War Films trilogy set in the Second World War, completed by Kanal and...

and followed by Ashes and Diamonds
Ashes and Diamonds (film)
Ashes and Diamonds is a 1958 Polish film directed by Andrzej Wajda, based on the 1948 novel by Polish writer Jerzy Andrzejewski...

.

Plot

It is 25 September 1944, during the last days of the Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army , to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces...

. Lieutenant
Lieutenant
A lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces. Typically, the rank of lieutenant in naval usage, while still a junior officer rank, is senior to the army rank...

 Zadra leads a unit of 43 soldiers and civilians to a new position amidst the ruins of the Mokotów
Mokotów
Mokotów is a dzielnica of Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Mokotów is densely populated. It is a seat to many foreign embassies and companies...

 district.

The composer Michal manages to telephone his wife and child in the German-controlled portion of the city. After a few words, she tells him that the Germans are clearing the building and that they are coming for her. Then the line goes dead. The next morning, 23-year-old Officer Cadet Korab apologizes after walking into a room to find the second in command, Lieutenant Madry, and messenger girl Halinka in bed. (Halinka later reveals that Madry is her first lover.) A German
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...

 attack is beaten off, but Korab is wounded.

Surrounded by the enemy, Zadra is ordered to retreat through the sewers to the downtown district. Now down to 27 fit to travel, including Korab, they slog through the filth.

Daisy, their guide, asks Zadra to let her help Korab, claiming that the others can find their way easily enough. Zadra allows it. However, the pair fall further and further behind. When they reach the right turnoff, Korab is too weak to climb the upward sloping tunnel, so they rest for a while. He notices some graffiti
Graffiti
Graffiti is the name for images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted or marked in any manner on property....

 on the opposite wall, but cannot quite make it out. Daisy tells him it says "I love Janek", when the name is actually Jacek, Korab's first name. Afterward, she drives him on, not letting him stop. They proceed in a less taxing direction. Finally, they see sunlight. By this time, Korab is half blind and at the end of his strength. He cannot see that the exit is closed off by metal bars. Daisy finally reveals her feelings for him, kissing him before telling him that he can rest for a while.

The main group follows Zadra for a while, but they become lost without Daisy. Finally, when Zadra tells Sergeant Kula to order them onward after a brief rest, they remain where they are. Kula lies and tells Zadra they are following in order to get him to keep going.

Meanwhile, Madry, Halinka and Michal are also on their own. Eventually, Michal loses his mind and wanders away, playing an ocarina
Ocarina
The ocarina is an ancient flute-like wind instrument. Variations do exist, but a typical ocarina is an enclosed space with four to twelve finger holes and a mouthpiece that projects from the body...

. Upon reaching a dead end, Madry cries out that he has somebody to live for; when Halinka asks who, he tells her he has a wife and child. She asks him to turn off his flashlight, then shoots herself. Madry finds an exit, but when he emerges, he joins the rest of his unit as German captives. Despondent, he kneels beside the bodies of others who have apparently been executed.

Zadra, Kula and a third man find another exit, but it is booby trapped. The other man disarms two German grenades, but is killed by the third and last. Zadra and Kula find themselves in a deserted part of the city. When Zadra tells Kula to bring up the rest of the men, Kula admits he lied. Enraged, Zadra shoots him and reluctantly heads back down for a futile search for his men.

Production

The script was written by Jerzy Stefan Stawiński
Jerzy Stefan Stawiński
Jerzy Stefan Stawiński was a Polish screenwriter and film director. Beginning in 1957 he had written or co-written 29 films. He wrote a segment of the film Love at Twenty, which was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival.He grew up in the Żoliborz district of Warsaw. When World...

 who himself survived in the sewers as a soldier of Armia Krajowa
Armia Krajowa
The Armia Krajowa , or Home Army, was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II German-occupied Poland. It was formed in February 1942 from the Związek Walki Zbrojnej . Over the next two years, it absorbed most other Polish underground forces...

 (the Polish underground resistance army) during the Warsaw Uprising. It was made by P.P. Film Polski at its production unit, Zespol Filmowy "Kadr"

Releases

Kanał earned Wajda the Special Jury Prize
Special Jury Prize
Several awards ceremonies have a Special Jury Prize# Jury Prize # Special Jury Prize...

 at the 1957 Cannes Film Festival
1957 Cannes Film Festival
-Jury:*André Maurois *Jean Cocteau *Maurice Genevoix *Georges Huisman *Maurice Lehmann *Marcel Pagnol *Michael Powell *Jules Romains...

. Censorship
Censorship
thumb|[[Book burning]] following the [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|1973 coup]] that installed the [[Military government of Chile |Pinochet regime]] in Chile...

 remained strong in Poland, but the fall of the Stalinist regime of Bolesław Bierut following the death of Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...

 led to a loss of control allowing the film, "showing the tragic fate of those who followed the wrong orders", as the press put it at the time, to be made. Polish critics state that the film paved the way for other films of the Polish School
Polish Film School
Polish Film School refers to an informal group of Polish film directors and screenplay writers active between 1955 and approximately 1963.The group was under heavy influence of Italian neorealists. It took advantage of the liberal changes in Poland after the 1956 to portray the complexity of...

 of filmmakers.

Cast

  • Teresa Izewska as Stokrotka (Daisy)
  • Tadeusz Janczar
    Tadeusz Janczar
    Tadeusz Janczar was a Polish film actor. He appeared in 26 films between 1952 and 1983.-Selected filmography:* Landscape After the Battle * Bad Luck * Farewells * Kanał * A Generation...

     as Jacek Korab
  • Wienczysław Glinski as Lt. Zadra
  • Tadeusz Gwiazdowski as Sgt. Kula
  • Stanisław Mikulski as Smukly
  • Emil Karewicz
    Emil Karewicz
    Emil Karewicz is a Polish television and cinema actor.-External links:...

     as Lt. Madry
  • Vladek Sheybal
    Vladek Sheybal
    Vladek Sheybal , born Władysław Sheybal, was a Polish character actor, whose career lasted from the 1950s into the 1980s. He was probably best known for his portrayal of the chess grandmaster Kronsteen in the 1963 James Bond film From Russia with Love, a role for which he had been personally...

     as Michal, the composer (credited as Wladyslaw Sheybal)
  • Teresa Berezowska as Halinka

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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