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The Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft is a German
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 entity formally known as the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science).






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Freie Universitaet Berlin Otto Hahn Bau Im Winter 01 2005
Freie Universitaet Berlin Fachbereich Rechtswissenschaft
The Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft is a German
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 entity formally known as the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science). The Kaiser Wilhelm Society was the umbrella organization for the institutes, testing stations, and units spawned under its authority.

Founding


The Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft (KWG, Kaiser Wilhelm Society) was founded in 1911, based on plans drawn up by Friedrich von Altoff and Friedrich Schmidt-Ott on the instigation of Adolf von Harnack
Adolf von Harnack

Adolf von Harnack , was a Germany theology and prominent church historian.He produced many religious publications from 1873-1912.Harnack traced the influence of Hellenistic philosophy on early Christian writing and called on Christians to question the authenticity of doctrines that arose in the early Christian church....
. The purpose of the KWG was to promote the sciences in Germany, specifically by founding and maintaining research institutions independent from the state. The institutions were to be under the guidance of prominent directors, which included luminaries such as Walther Bothe
Walther Bothe

Walther Wilhelm Georg Bothe was a Germany nuclear physicist.In 1913, he joined the newly created Laboratory for Radioactivity at the Reich Physical and Technical Institute , where he remained until 1930, the latter few years as the director of the laboratory....
, Peter Debye
Peter Debye

Peter Joseph William Debye was a Netherlands physics and physical chemistry, and Nobel laureate....
, Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was a Germany-born theoretical physics. He is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass?energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E = mc2....
, Fritz Haber
Fritz Haber

Fritz Haber was a German chemistry, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for Haber process, important for fertilizers and explosives....
, and Werner Heisenberg
Werner Heisenberg

Werner Heisenberg was a German Theoretical physics who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum theory....
; a board of trustees also provided guidance. Funding was ultimately obtained from sources internal and external to Germany. Internally, money was raised from individuals, industry, and the government, as well as through the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft
Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft

Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft was founded on 30 October 1920 on the initiative of leading members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences – Fritz Haber, Max Planck, and Ernst von Harnack – and the former Preu?ischen Kultusminister Friedrich Schmidt-Ott....
 (Emergency Association of German Science.). External to Germany, the Rockefeller Foundation
Rockefeller Foundation

The Rockefeller Foundation is a prominent philanthropic organization and private foundation based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The preeminent institution established by the six-generation Rockefeller family, it was founded by John D....
 made contributions.

After World War II


By the end of World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, the KWG and its institutes had lost their central location in Berlin and were operating in other locations. The KWG was operating out of its Aerodynamics Testing Station in Göttingen
Göttingen

G?ttingen is a college town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the Capital of the district of G?ttingen . The Leine river runs through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686....
. Albert Vögler
Albert Vögler

Albert V?gler , was a Germany politician, industrialist and entrepreneur. He was an important executive in the munitions industry during the Second World War....
, the president of the KWG, committed suicide on 14 April. Thereupon, Ernst Telschow assumed the duties until Max Planck
Max Planck

Karl Ernst Ludwig Marx Planck, better known as Max Planck was a Germany physicist. He is considered to be the founder of the Quantum mechanics, and one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century....
 could be brought from Magdeburg
Magdeburg

Magdeburg , the Capital of the States of Germany of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, lies on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe....
 to Göttingen, which was in the British zone of the Allied Occupation Zones in Germany
Allied Occupation Zones in Germany

The Allies of World War II powers who defeated Nazi Germany in World War II divided the country west of the Oder-Neisse line into four occupation zones for administrative purposes during the period 1945?1949....
. Planck assumed the duties on 16 May until a president could be elected. Otto Hahn
Otto Hahn

Otto Hahn was a German chemist and Nobel laureate who pioneered the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. He is regarded as "the father of nuclear chemistry" and the "founder of the atomic age"....
 was selected by directors to be president, but there were a number of difficulties to be overcome. Hahn, being related to nuclear research had been captured by the allied forces of Operation Alsos
Operation Alsos

Operation Alsos was an effort at the end of World War II by the Allies , branched off from the Manhattan Project, to investigate the German nuclear energy project, seize German nuclear resources, materials and personnel to further American research and to prevent their capture by the Soviets, and to discern how far the Germans had gone toward...
, and he was still interned at Farm Hall in England, under Operation Epsilon
Operation Epsilon

Operation Epsilon was the codename of a program in which Allied forces near the end of World War II detained ten Germany scientists who were thought to have worked on Nazi Germany's German nuclear energy project....
. At first, Hahn was reluctant to accept the post, but others prevailed upon him to accept it. Hahn took over the presidency three months after being released and returned to Germany. However, the Office of Military Government, United States
Office of Military Government, United States

The Office of Military Government, United States was the United States military-established government created shortly after the end of hostilities in occupied Germany in World War II....
 (OMGUS) passed a resolution to dissolve the KWG on 11 July 1946. Meanwhile, members of the British occupation forces, specifically in the Research Branch of the OMGUS, saw the Society in a more favorable light and tried to dissuade the Americans from taking such action. The physicist Howard Percy Robertson
Howard Percy Robertson

Howard Percy Robertson was an American mathematician and physicist known for contributions related to physical cosmology and the uncertainty principle....
 was director of the department for science in the British Zone; he had a National Research Council Fellowship in the 1920s to study at the Georg-August University of Göttingen and the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich
Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich

The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich , also known as LMU, is a university in Munich and, with more than 44,000 students, is the second-largest university in Germany....
. Also, Colonel Bertie Blount was on the staff of the British Research Branch, and he had received his doctorate at Göttingen under Walther Borsche. Among other things, Bertie suggested to Hahn to write to Sir Henry Hallett Dale
Henry Hallett Dale

Sir Henry Hallett Dale, Order of Merit , Order of British Empire, Royal Society was an England pharmacologist. For his study of acetylcholine as agent in the chemical transmission of nerve impulses he shared the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Otto Loewi....
, who had been the president of the Royal Society
Royal Society

The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, or even the Royal, is a learned society for science that was founded in 1660 and is considered by most to be the oldest such society still in existence....
, which he did. While in England, Bertie also spoke with Dale, who came up with a suggestion. Dale believed that it was only the name which conjured up a pejorative picture and suggested that the Society be renamed the Max Planck Gesellschaft. On 11 September 1946, the Max Planck Gesellschaft was founded in the British Zone only. The second founding took place on 26 February 1948 for both the American and British occupation zones. The physicists Max von Laue
Max von Laue

Max Theodor Felix von Laue was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals....
 and Walther Gerlach were also instrumental in establishing the Society across the allied zones, including the French zone.

Presidents


  • Adolf von Harnack
    Adolf von Harnack

    Adolf von Harnack , was a Germany theology and prominent church historian.He produced many religious publications from 1873-1912.Harnack traced the influence of Hellenistic philosophy on early Christian writing and called on Christians to question the authenticity of doctrines that arose in the early Christian church....
     (1911 - 1930)
  • Max Planck
    Max Planck

    Karl Ernst Ludwig Marx Planck, better known as Max Planck was a Germany physicist. He is considered to be the founder of the Quantum mechanics, and one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century....
     (1930 - 1937)
  • Carl Bosch
    Carl Bosch

    Carl Bosch was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company....
     (1937 - 1940)
  • Albert Vögler
    Albert Vögler

    Albert V?gler , was a Germany politician, industrialist and entrepreneur. He was an important executive in the munitions industry during the Second World War....
     (1941 - 1945)
  • Max Planck
    Max Planck

    Karl Ernst Ludwig Marx Planck, better known as Max Planck was a Germany physicist. He is considered to be the founder of the Quantum mechanics, and one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century....
     (16 May 1945 - 31 March 1946)
  • Otto Hahn
    Otto Hahn

    Otto Hahn was a German chemist and Nobel laureate who pioneered the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. He is regarded as "the father of nuclear chemistry" and the "founder of the atomic age"....
     (1 April 1946 - 10 September 1946 in the British Occupation Zone)


Institutes, Testing Stations, & Units


Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes


  1. KWI for Animal Breeding Research, founded in Dummerstorf
    Dummerstorf

    Dummerstorf is a municipality in the Bad Doberan , in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany....
    . Transformed into a research institute of the (East)-German Academy of Sciences.
  2. KWI of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics
    Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics

    The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics was founded in 1927. In its early years, and during the Nazism era, it was strongly associated with theories of Nazi eugenics and racial hygiene advocated by its leading theorists Fritz Lenz and Eugen Fischer, and by its director Otmar von Verschuer....
    , founded 1926 in Berlin-Dahlem.
  3. KWI for Bast Fiber Research, founded 1938 in Sorau. It was relocated to Mährisch Schönberg
    Šumperk

    ?umperk is a town and district in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It is called "The Gate to Hrub? Jesen?k mountains."History ...
     in 1941 and to Bielefeld in 1946. After its incorporation into the Max Planck Society
    Max Planck Society

    The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur F?rderung der Wissenschaften e. V. is an independent non-profit association of Germany research institutes funded by the federal and state governments....
     in 1948 and two further relocations to Westheim and Niedermarsberg in 1951 it was incorporated into the Max Planck Institute for Breeding Research and relocated to Köln-Vogelsang. The Institute was closed down in 1957. Its first director was Ernst Schilling 1938-1945 1948-1951.
  4. KWI for Biology, founded 1912 in Berlin and moved to Tübingen
    Tübingen

    T?bingen, a traditional university town in Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany, is situated 30 km southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and Ammer rivers....
     in 1943. It is now the Max Planck Institute for Biology
    Max Planck Institute for Biology

    The Max Planck Institute for Biology was located in T?bingen, Germany. It was created as the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology in 1912, and moved to T?bingen 1943....
    .
  5. KWI for Biochemistry, founded 1912. Nowadays, there exists the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
    Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry

    The Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Martinsried, a suburb of Munich. The Institute, founded 1912 as a Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, was relocated from Berlin in 1945 to T?bingen and moved once more in 1956 to Munich....
    , but there is no straight relation between the institutes.
  6. KWI for Biophysics, formerly the Institut für Physikalische Grundlagen der Medizin of Friedrich Dessauer
    Friedrich Dessauer

    Friedrich Dessauer was an important physicist, a philosopher, a socially engaged entrepreneur and a journalist.Friedrich Dessauer was born in Aschaffenburg, Germany....
     was incorporated into the KWG by Boris Rajewski in 1937. The Institute is located in Frankfurt am Main. It is now the Max Planck Institute for Biophysics
    Max Planck Institute for Biophysics

    The Max Planck Institute for Biophysics is located in Frankfurt, Germany. It was founded as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology in 1937, and moved into new buildings in 2003....
    .
  7. KWI for Brain Research, founded 1914 in Berlin by Oskar Vogt
    Oskar Vogt

    Oskar Vogt was a Germany physician and neurologist. He was born in Husum, Germany - Schleswig-Holstein. Vogt studied medicine at Kiel and Jena, obtaining his doctorate degree from Jena in 1894....
    . It is now the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research
    Max Planck Institute for Brain Research

    The Max Planck Institute for Brain Research is located in Frankfurt, Germany. It was founded as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research in Berlin 1914, and moved into new buildings in Frankfurt 1962....
    .
  8. KWI for Cell Physiology, founded 1930 in Berlin-Dahlem by Otto Heinrich Warburg
    Otto Heinrich Warburg

    Otto Heinrich Warburg , son of physicist Emil Warburg, was a Germany physiologist, medical doctor and Nobel laureate. Warburg was one of the twentieth century's leading Cell biology....
     and the Rockefeller Foundation
    Rockefeller Foundation

    The Rockefeller Foundation is a prominent philanthropic organization and private foundation based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The preeminent institution established by the six-generation Rockefeller family, it was founded by John D....
    .
  9. KWI for Chemistry, founded 1911 in Dahlem
    Dahlem (Berlin)

    This article refers to the neighborhood in Berlin. For other places with the same name, please see Dahlem.Dahlem is a locality of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough in southwestern Berlin....
    , Berlin
    Berlin

    Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
    . It is now the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
    Max Planck Institute for Chemistry

    The Max Planck Institute for Chemistry is a scientific research institute under the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.Basic research in chemistry and related subjects is carried out at the four departments of the institute....
    ; a.k.a. the Otto Hahn
    Otto Hahn

    Otto Hahn was a German chemist and Nobel laureate who pioneered the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. He is regarded as "the father of nuclear chemistry" and the "founder of the atomic age"....
     Institute.
  10. KWI for Coal Research Institute of the KWG, founded 1912 in Mülheim
    Mülheim

    M?lheim an der Ruhr, also called "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It is located in the Ruhr area between Duisburg and Essen, Germany, bordering to the south of the City of Oberhausen and 30 km to the north-east of D?sseldorf....
    . It is now the Max Planck Institute für Kohlenforschung.
  11. KWI for Comparative Public Law and International Law, founded 1924 in Berlin. It is now the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg
    Heidelberg

    Heidelberg is a city in Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany. As of 2006, over 140,000 people live within the city's area. The town of Heidelberg is an administrative district of its own....
    .
  12. KWI for Experimental Therapy, founded in 1915 by August von Wasserman.
  13. KWI for Fiber Chemistry, founded in 1920 by Reginald Oliver Herzog and it closed in 1934.
  14. KWI of Flow (Fluid Dynamics) Research, founded 1925. Ludwig Prandtl
    Ludwig Prandtl

    Ludwig Prandtl was a Germany scientist. He was a pioneer of aerodynamics, and developed the mathematical basis for the fundamental principles of subsonic aerodynamics in the 1920s....
     was the director from 1926 to 1946. It is now the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization
    Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization

    The Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization in G?ttingen, Germany, is a research institute for investigations of complex non-equilibrium systems in Physics and Biology....
    .
  15. KWI for Foreign Private and Private International Law, founded 1926 in Berlin by Ernst Rabel. It is now the Max Planck Institute for Foreign Private and Private International Law in Hamburg
    Hamburg

    Hamburg is the second-largest city in Germany , and is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits. The city is home to approximately 1.8 million people, while the Hamburg metropolitan area has more than 4.3 million inhabitants....
    .
  16. KWI for German History, founded 1917 in Berlin. It was the Max Planck Institute for History later, now transformed into an Max Planck Institute for multi-ethnic societies.
  17. KWI for Hydrobiological Research. One of its directors was August Friedrich Thienemann.
  18. KWI for Iron Research, founded 1917 in Aachen
    Aachen

    is a historic spa town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the westernmost city of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km west of Cologne....
     and it moved to Düsseldorf
    Düsseldorf

    D?sseldorf is the capital city of the Germany state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is an economic centre of Germany. The city is situated on the River Rhine and has a high population density - the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area has over 10 million inhabitants alone....
     in 1921. It is now the Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH
    Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH

    The Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in D?sseldorf. The institute was founded as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Iron Research in Aachen 1917 and moved 1921 to D?sseldorf....
    .
  19. KWI for Leather Research, founded 1921 in Dresden
    Dresden

    Dresden is the capital city of the Germany Federal Free state of Saxony. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon triangle metropolitan area....
     by Max Bergmann
    Max Bergmann

    Max Bergmann was a Jewish-Germany biochemist. He used first time the Carboxybenzyl protecting group for the synthesis of oligopeptides....
    . It became a part of an institute that later the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
    Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry

    The Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Martinsried, a suburb of Munich. The Institute, founded 1912 as a Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, was relocated from Berlin in 1945 to T?bingen and moved once more in 1956 to Munich....
     in Martinsried
    Martinsried

    Martinsried is a section of Planegg, a municipality neighboring Munich, Germany. Martinsried lies about 15 km southwest of Munich's city center....
    .
  20. KWI for Medical Research founded 1929 in Heidelberg
    Heidelberg

    Heidelberg is a city in Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany. As of 2006, over 140,000 people live within the city's area. The town of Heidelberg is an administrative district of its own....
     by Ludolf von Krehl
    Ludolf von Krehl

    Albrecht Ludolf von Krehl was a German internist and physiologist who was a native of Leipzig. He was the son of Orientalist Christoph Krehl ...
    . It is now the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
    Max Planck Institute for Medical Research

    The Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg is a facility of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft for the medical basic research. Since its foundation, six Nobel Prize laureates worked at the Institute: Otto Fritz Meyerhof , Richard Kuhn , Walther Bothe , Andr? Michel Lwoff , Rudolf M??bauer and Bert Sakmann ....
     in Heidelberg.
  21. KWI for Metals Research, founded 1921 in Neubabelsberg. It closed in 1933 and reopened in Stuttgart in 1934. It is now the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research
    Max Planck Institute for Metals Research

    The Max Planck Institute for Metals Research is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Stuttgart. The institute was founded 1921 as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Metal Research in Berlin and closed 1932....
     in Stuttgart
    Stuttgart

    Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-W?rttemberg in southern Germany. The list of cities in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 590,429 while the metropolitan area referred to as Stuttgart Region has a population of 2.7 million ....
    .
  22. KWI for Plant Breeding Research, founded in Müncheberg
    Müncheberg

    M?ncheberg is a small town in M?rkisch-Oderland, Germany approximately half-way between Berlin and the border with Poland....
     in 1929 by Erwin Baur
    Erwin Baur

    Erwin Baur was a German geneticist and botanist. Baur worked primarily on plant genetics. He was director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Breeding Research research ....
    . It is now the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research
    Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research

    The Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research is located in Cologne, Germany. The institute was founded as part of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society as the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Plant Breeding Research in 1928 in M?ncheberg, midway between Berlin and the German-Polish border....
     located in Cologne
    Cologne

    Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants....
    .
  23. KWI for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, founded 1911 in Dahlem, Berlin. It is now the Fritz Haber Institute of the MPG
    Fritz Haber Institute of the MPG

    The Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society is a science research institute located at the heart of the academic district of Dahlem, in Berlin, Germany....
    , named after Fritz Haber
    Fritz Haber

    Fritz Haber was a German chemistry, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for Haber process, important for fertilizers and explosives....
    , who was the director 1911-1933.
  24. KWI for Physics, founded 1917 in Berlin. Albert Einstein
    Albert Einstein

    Albert Einstein was a Germany-born theoretical physics. He is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass?energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E = mc2....
     was the director 1917-1933; in 1922, Max von Laue
    Max von Laue

    Max Theodor Felix von Laue was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals....
     became deputy director and took over administrative duties from Einstein. It is now the Max Planck Institute for Physics
    Max Planck Institute for Physics

    Max Planck Institute for Physics is a physics institute in Munich, Germany which specialises in High Energy Physics and Astroparticle physics. It is part of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft and is also known as the Werner Heisenberg Institute, after its first director....
    ; a.k.a. the Werner Heisenberg
    Werner Heisenberg

    Werner Heisenberg was a German Theoretical physics who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum theory....
     Institute.
  25. KWI for Physiology of Effort (Work) / KWI for Occupational Physiology, founded 1912 in Berlin and it moved to Dortmund in 1929. It is now the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology
    Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology

    The Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology is located in Dortmund, Germany next to the Dortmund University of Technology. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society ....
     in Dortmund.
  26. KWI of Psychiatry in Munich. It is now the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry.
  27. KWI for Silicate Research, founded 1926 in Berlin-Dahlem by Wilhelm Eitel.
  28. KWI for Textile Chemistry
  29. KWI Vine Breeding


Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft Organizations


  1. Aerodynamic Testing Station (Göttingen e.V.) of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society. The testing unit Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt (AVA) was formed in 1925 along with the KWI of Flow (Fluid Dynamics) Research. In 1937, it became the testing station of the KWG.
  2. Biological Station Lunz of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society
  3. German Entomological Institute of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society
  4. Hydrobiological Station of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society
  5. Institute for Agricultural Work Studies in the Kaiser Wilhelm Society
  6. Research Unit "D" in the Kaiser Wilhelm Society
  7. Rossitten Bird Station of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, founded 1901 in Rossitten and integrated into the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in 1921. The ornithological station was ceased at the end of the Second World War, but work continues at the ornithological station Radolfzell
    Radolfzell

    Radolfzell am Bodensee is a town in Germany at the western end of Lake Constance approximately 18 km northwest of Konstanz. It is the third largest town, after Constance and Singen, in the Konstanz , in Baden-W?rttemberg....
     which is part of the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.
  8. Silesian
    Province of Silesia

    The Province of Silesia was a Provinces of Prussia of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815 to 1919; the territory had been conquered from Habsburg Monarchy during the 18th century Silesian Wars....
     Coal Research Institute of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society    , in Breslau.


Foreign


  1. Bibliotheca Hertziana, founded 1913 in Rome. It is now the Bibliotheca Hertziana - Max Planck Institute of Art History
    Bibliotheca Hertziana - Max Planck Institute of Art History

    The Bibliotheca Hertziana - Max Planck Institute of Art History is located in Rome, Italy. It was founded by a donation of Henriette Hertz in 1913 as a Kaiser Wilhelm Institute....
     in Rome.
  2. German-Bulgarian Institute for Agricultural Science founded in 1940 in Sofia.
  3. German-Greek Institute for Biology in the Kaiser Wilhelm Society founded in 1940 in Athens.
  4. German-Italian Institute for Marine Biology at Rovigno, Italy.
  5. Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Cultivated Plant Research founded in 1940 in Vienna, Austria.


Other


  1. Institute for the Science of Agricultural Work founded in 1940 in Breslau.
  2. Research Unit for Virus Research of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biochemistry and the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology.


Bibliography


External links

  • - Presidential Commission of the Max Planck Gesellschaft
  • – Nobel Prize Articles
  • – Max Planck Gesellschaft Archives
  • (in German) – Deutsches Historisches Museum
  • – English Portal