Julián Marías
Encyclopedia
Julián Marías Aguilera was a Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

 philosopher
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...

. His History of Philosophy (1941) is widely accepted as the greatest work written in Spanish
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...

 on the subject of the history of philosophy. He was a pupil of the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset
José Ortega y Gasset
José Ortega y Gasset was a Spanish liberal philosopher and essayist working during the first half of the 20th century while Spain oscillated between monarchy, republicanism and dictatorship. He was, along with Nietzsche, a proponent of the idea of perspectivism.-Biography:José Ortega y Gasset was...

.

Life and work

Marías was born in the city of Valladolid
Valladolid
Valladolid is a historic city and municipality in north-central Spain, situated at the confluence of the Pisuerga and Esgueva rivers, and located within three wine-making regions: Ribera del Duero, Rueda and Cigales...

, but moved to Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...

 at the age of five. He went on to study philosophy at the Complutense University of Madrid
Complutense University of Madrid
The Complutense University of Madrid is a university in Madrid, and one of the oldest universities in the world. It is located on a sprawling campus that occupies the entirety of the Ciudad Universitaria district of Madrid, with annexes in the district of Somosaguas in the neighboring city of...

, graduating in 1936. Within months of his graduation the Spanish Civil War
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil WarAlso known as The Crusade among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War among Carlists, and The Rebellion or Uprising among Republicans. was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939...

 broke out. During the conflict Marías sided with the Republicans
Second Spanish Republic
The Second Spanish Republic was the government of Spain between April 14 1931, and its destruction by a military rebellion, led by General Francisco Franco....

, although his actual contributions were limited to propaganda articles and broadcasts.

Following the end of the war in 1939, Marías returned to education. His doctoral thesis was rejected by the university, however, and handed over to the police, due to his inclusion of a number of lines critical of the rule of Franco
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was a Spanish general, dictator and head of state of Spain from October 1936 , and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in November, 1975...

. As a consequence of his writings Marías was briefly imprisoned and, upon his release, banned from teaching. Fortunately for Marías the proceeds from the sales of his History of Philosophy, which went through countless editions, meant that the punishment did not seriously damage his livelihood.

In 1948 he co-founded, along with his former teacher José Ortega y Gasset, the Instituto de Humanidades (which he went on to head after the death of Ortega in 1955). Between the late 1940s and the 1970s, being unable to teach in Spain, Marías taught at numerous institutions in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

, including Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...

, Yale University
Yale University
Yale University is a private, Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States...

, Wellesley College, and UCLA.

Marías wrote on a wide variety of subjects during his long career. A subject of particular interest was Cervantes's
Miguel de Cervantes
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra was a Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright. His magnum opus, Don Quixote, considered the first modern novel, is a classic of Western literature, and is regarded amongst the best works of fiction ever written...

 Don Quixote. In 1964 he was elected into the Real Academia Española
Real Academia Española
The Royal Spanish Academy is the official royal institution responsible for regulating the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, but is affiliated with national language academies in twenty-one other hispanophone nations through the Association of Spanish Language Academies...

, and he won a Prince of Asturias award
Prince of Asturias Awards
The Prince of Asturias Awards are a series of annual prizes awarded in Spain by the Prince of Asturias Foundation to individuals, entities or organizations from around the world who make notable achievements in the sciences, humanities, and public affairs....

 in 1996.

He is the father of novelist Javier Marías
Javier Marías
Javier Marías is a Spanish novelist. He is also a translator and columnist.-Life:Javier Marías was born in Madrid. His father was the philosopher Julián Marías, who was briefly imprisoned and then banned from teaching for opposing Franco...

 and art historian Fernando Marías, and married the sister of director Jesús Franco
Jesús Franco
Jesús "Jess" Franco is a Spanish film director, writer, cinematographer and actor. His career took off in 1961 with his cult classic The Awful Dr. Orloff, which received wide distribution in the United States and England...

.

Selected works in translation

  • History of Philosophy, translated from Spanish by Stanley Appelbaum and Clarence C. Strawbridge, Dover Publications Inc., New York, 1967.
  • Philosophy as Dramatic Theory
  • Metaphysical Anthropology: The Empirical Structure of Human Life
  • America in the Fifties and Sixties: Julián Marías on the United States
  • Biography of Philosophy
  • The Christian Perspective

Works in Spanish

  • Juventud en el mundo antiguo. Crucero universitario por el Mediterráneo, Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 1934
  • Historia de la filosofía, with a prologue by Xavier Zubiri
    Xavier Zubiri
    Xavier Zubiri was a Spanish philosopher noted for his intellectual rigor. A major accomplishment of Zubiri's philosophy is its systematic development of a new conception of reality such that within it man, as a "sentient intelligence," appears in a different light...

    , epilogue by José Ortega y Gasset
    José Ortega y Gasset
    José Ortega y Gasset was a Spanish liberal philosopher and essayist working during the first half of the 20th century while Spain oscillated between monarchy, republicanism and dictatorship. He was, along with Nietzsche, a proponent of the idea of perspectivism.-Biography:José Ortega y Gasset was...

    , Revista de Occidente, Madrid 1941 (28th ed., 1976)
  • La filosofía del Padre Gratry. La restauración de la Metafísica en el problema de Dios y de la persona, Escorial, Madrid 1941
  • Miguel de Unamuno
    Miguel de Unamuno
    Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo was a Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright and philosopher.-Biography:...

    , Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 1943
  • El tema del hombre, Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1943
  • San Anselmo
    Saint Anselm
    Saint Anselm may be* Saint Anselm College - a Benedictine, Catholic liberal arts college in Goffstown, New Hampshire.* Saint Anselm of Canterbury* Saint Anselm of Lucca the Younger* Saint Anselm, Duke of Friuli...

     y el insensato y otros estudios de filosofía
    , Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1944
  • Introducción a la filosofía, Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1947
  • La filosofía española actual. Unamuno, Ortega, Morente, Zubiri, Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 1948
  • El método histórico de las generaciones, Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1949
  • Ortega y tres antípodas. Un ejemplo de intriga intelectual, Revista de Occidente, Buenos Aires, 1950
  • Biografía de la Filosofía, Emecé, Buenos Aires, 1954
  • Ensayos de teoría, Barna, Barcelona, 1954
  • Idea de la Metafísica, Columba, Buenos Aires, 1954
  • La estructura social. Teoría y método, Sociedad de Estudios y Publicaciones, Madrid, 1955
  • Filosofía actual y existencialismo en España, Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1955
  • El oficio del pensamiento, Biblioteca Nueva, Madrid, 1958
  • La Escuela de Madrid. Estudios de filosofía española, Emecé, Buenos Aires, 1959
  • Ortega. I. Circunstancia y vocación, Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1960
  • Los españoles, Revista de Occidente, Madrid. 1962
  • La España posible en tiempo de Carlos III, Sociedad de Estudios y Publicaciones, Madrid, 1963
  • El tiempo que ni vuelve ni tropieza, Edhasa, Barcelona, 1964
  • Análisis de los Estados Unidos, Guadarrama, Madrid, 1968
  • Antropología metafísica. La estructura empírica de la vida humana, Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1970
  • Visto y no visto. Crónicas de cine, Guadarrama, Madrid, 1970, 2 vols.
  • Imagen de la India e Israel: una resurrección, Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1973
  • Problemas del cristianismo, BAC, Madrid, 1979
  • La mujer en el siglo XX, Alianza, Madrid, 1980
  • Ortega. II. Las trayectorias, Alianza, Madrid, 1983
  • España inteligible. Razón histórica de las Españas, Alianza, Madrid, 1985
  • La mujer y su sombra, Alianza, Madrid, 1986
  • Ser español, Planeta, Barcelona, 1987
  • Una vida presente. Memorias, Alianza, Madrid, 1988–1989, 3 vols.: I (1914–1951), II (1951–1975), III (1975–1989).
  • La felicidad humana, Alianza, Madrid 1989
  • Generaciones y constelaciones, Alianza, Madrid, 1989
  • Cervantes
    Cervantes
    -People:*Alfonso J. Cervantes , mayor of St. Louis, Missouri*Francisco Cervantes de Salazar, 16th-century man of letters*Ignacio Cervantes, Cuban composer*Jorge Cervantes, a world-renowned expert on indoor, outdoor, and greenhouse cannabis cultivation...

    , clave española
    , Alianza, Madrid, 1990
  • Acerca de Ortega, Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 1991
  • La educación sentimental, Alianza, Madrid, 1992
  • Razón de la filosofía, Alianza, Madrid, 1993
  • Mapa del mundo personal, Alianza, Madrid 1993
  • El cine de Julián Marías. Escritos sobre cine, compilation edited by Fernando Alonso, Royal Books, Barcelona, 1994, 2 vols.
  • Tratado de lo mejor, Alianza, Madrid, 1995
  • Persona, Alianza, Madrid, 1996
  • Sobre el cristianismo, Planeta Testimonio, Barcelona, 1997
  • El curso del tiempo, Tomos I y II, Alianza, 1998. 2 vols.
  • Tratado sobre la convivencia, Martínez Roca, Barcelona 2000
  • Entre dos siglos, Alianza, Madrid, 2002
  • Obras completas, Revista de Occidente / Alianza Editorial, Madrid 1958-1970, 10 vols.

External links

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