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Juba, Sudan
 
 
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Juba is a city in Sudan
Sudan

Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest in the African continent and the Arab World, and List of countries and outlying territories by total area by area....
, the regional capital of Southern Sudan
Southern Sudan

Southern Sudan is located in Africa with Juba, Sudan as its capital city. Under the terms of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement with Sudan, the south has been given a large degree of autonomy and the chance to vote for full independence in 2011 after six years of home rule....
 and the capital of the Sudan
Sudan

Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest in the African continent and the Arab World, and List of countries and outlying territories by total area by area....
ese state
States of Sudan

Below is a list of the 25 states of Sudan organized by their original provinces under British rule. Arabic language versions are, as appropriate, in parentheses....
 of Central Equatoria
Central Equatoria

Central Equatoria is one of the 26 States of Sudan of Sudan, with an area of 22,956 km?. It is in the south of Sudan. Juba, Sudan is the capital of the state....
 in the Bari Tribe
005 its population was 163,442. Based on analysis of aerial photos, the best estimate of several donors working in Juba estimate the 2006 population at approximately 250,000. The 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census took place in April/May 2008 and the updated population numbers are expected by the end of calendar year 2008.

Development of population:

9th century, a trading post and a mission named Gondokoro
Gondokoro

Gondokoro was a trading-station on the east bank of the White Nile in southern Sudan, 750 miles south of Khartoum. Its importance lay in the fact that it was within a few miles of the limit of navigability of the Nile from Khartoum upstream....
 was located in the vicinity of Juba.

From 1899 to 1956, the Juba was in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan referred to the manner by which Sudan was administered between 1899 and 1956, when it was a condominium of Egypt and the United Kingdom....
 jointly administered by the United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 and Egypt
Kingdom of Egypt

The Kingdom of Egypt was the first modern Egypt, lasting from 1922 to 1953. The Kingdom was created in 1922 when the British granted independence to Egypt, a de facto colony, in order to suppress growing nationalism....
.






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Juba is a city in Sudan
Sudan

Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest in the African continent and the Arab World, and List of countries and outlying territories by total area by area....
, the regional capital of Southern Sudan
Southern Sudan

Southern Sudan is located in Africa with Juba, Sudan as its capital city. Under the terms of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement with Sudan, the south has been given a large degree of autonomy and the chance to vote for full independence in 2011 after six years of home rule....
 and the capital of the Sudan
Sudan

Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest in the African continent and the Arab World, and List of countries and outlying territories by total area by area....
ese state
States of Sudan

Below is a list of the 25 states of Sudan organized by their original provinces under British rule. Arabic language versions are, as appropriate, in parentheses....
 of Central Equatoria
Central Equatoria

Central Equatoria is one of the 26 States of Sudan of Sudan, with an area of 22,956 km?. It is in the south of Sudan. Juba, Sudan is the capital of the state....
 in the Bari Tribe

Population

In 2005 its population was 163,442. Based on analysis of aerial photos, the best estimate of several donors working in Juba estimate the 2006 population at approximately 250,000. The 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census took place in April/May 2008 and the updated population numbers are expected by the end of calendar year 2008.

Development of population:
Year Population
1973 (census) 56,737
1983 (census) 83,787
1993 (census) 114,980
2005 (estimate) 163,442


History

In 19th century, a trading post and a mission named Gondokoro
Gondokoro

Gondokoro was a trading-station on the east bank of the White Nile in southern Sudan, 750 miles south of Khartoum. Its importance lay in the fact that it was within a few miles of the limit of navigability of the Nile from Khartoum upstream....
 was located in the vicinity of Juba.

From 1899 to 1956, the Juba was in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan referred to the manner by which Sudan was administered between 1899 and 1956, when it was a condominium of Egypt and the United Kingdom....
 jointly administered by the United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 and Egypt
Kingdom of Egypt

The Kingdom of Egypt was the first modern Egypt, lasting from 1922 to 1953. The Kingdom was created in 1922 when the British granted independence to Egypt, a de facto colony, in order to suppress growing nationalism....
. British
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 hopes to join the southern part of Sudan with Uganda
Uganda

The Republic of Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania....
 were dashed in 1947 by an agreement in Juba, also known as the Juba Conference
Juba Conference

The Juba Conference was a June 1947 meeting attended by United Kingdom and Sudan delegates in the city of Juba, Sudan, regional capital of Equatoria Province in southern Sudan....
, to unify northern and southern Sudan. In 1955, a mutiny of southern soldiers in the city sparked the First Sudanese Civil War
First Sudanese Civil War

The First Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and a south that demanded more regional autonomy....
, which did not end until 1972. During the Second Sudanese Civil War
Second Sudanese Civil War

The Second Sudanese Civil War started in 1983, although it was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. It took place, for the most part, in southern Sudan and was one of the longest lasting and deadliest wars of the later 20th century....
, Juba was a strategic location that was the focus of much fighting.

In 2005, Juba was handed over to the Sudanese People's Liberation Army. The city serves as the permanent regional capital of Southern Sudan
Southern Sudan

Southern Sudan is located in Africa with Juba, Sudan as its capital city. Under the terms of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement with Sudan, the south has been given a large degree of autonomy and the chance to vote for full independence in 2011 after six years of home rule....
, although the interim capital was Rumbek
Rumbek

Rumbek is the Capital of the States of Sudan of Lakes, Sudan in southern Sudan. Following the peace agreement ending the Second Sudanese Civil War, the Sudanese People's Liberation Movement chose it as the interim administrative center of the Southern Sudan....
.

With the advent of peace, the United Nations
United Nations

The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....
 increased its presence in Juba, whereas many Southern Sudan
Southern Sudan

Southern Sudan is located in Africa with Juba, Sudan as its capital city. Under the terms of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement with Sudan, the south has been given a large degree of autonomy and the chance to vote for full independence in 2011 after six years of home rule....
 operations had until that time been managed from Kenya
Kenya

The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the northeast, Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, and Sudan to the northwest, with the Indian Ocean running along the southeast border....
. Under the leadership of the United Nations
United Nations

The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....
 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Ocha

Ocha may refer to:* Glen James Ocha , an American executed for murder* OCHA, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs...
, the United Nations
United Nations

The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....
 established a camp known as "OCHA Camp", which served as a base for many United Nations
United Nations

The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....
 agencies and non-governmental organizations.

Infrastructure


The city is a river port and the southern terminus of traffic along the Nile
Nile

The Nile is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the List of rivers by length in the world.The Nile has two major tributary, the White Nile and Blue Nile, the latter being the source of most of the Nile's water and silt, but the former being the longer of the two....
, properly called the Bahr al Jabal section of the White Nile
White Nile

The White Nile is a river of Africa, one of the two main tributary of the Nile, the other being the Blue Nile. In the strict meaning, "White Nile" refers to the river formed at Lake No at the confluence of the Bahr al Jabal and Bahr el Ghazal rivers....
. Before the civil war Juba was also a transportation hub, with highways connecting it to Kenya
Kenya

The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the northeast, Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, and Sudan to the northwest, with the Indian Ocean running along the southeast border....
, Uganda
Uganda

The Republic of Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania....
 and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Because of the war Juba can hardly be called a "Transportation Hub" anymore. Roads and the harbour are currently not in use due to disrepair. The UN and Southern Sudanese government are repairing the roads, but full repair is expected to take many years. The Swiss Foundation for Mine Action
Swiss Foundation for Mine Action

The Swiss Foundation for Mine Action is a Swiss non-governmental organisation based in Geneva. . FSD is politically, ideologically and religiously independent....
 (FSD
FSD

FSD may refer to:*Female Sexual Dysfunction*Finnish Social Science Data Archive *Fire Services Department *Sioux Falls Regional Airport, IATA code FSD...
) started in 2003 to clear the roads leading from Juba to Uganda and Kenya, it is expected that these roads will be completely demined and rebuilt in the course of 2006-2008. The rebuilding of the roads, most un-paved, takes a tremendous amount of effort and time because of the limited work season due to the rainy season, which lasts from March until October. The first road that has started to be rebuilt is the road to Uganda. This road is particularly important as many of the original habitants of Juba fled to Uganda during the war. The roads are considerably important for the peace process in Sudan as people need them to return to their homes and to regain what they feel is a normal life again.

, there are three paved roads in Juba. The main one is a concrete road, built by the English in the fifties. The rebuilding of Juba is in full process now; evidence of this is reflected by Walta Information Center
Walta Information Center

Walta Information Center is a private news and information service that is based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.External links* ...
's report that Ethiopian Airlines
Ethiopian Airlines

Ethiopian Airlines is an airline based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It is the flag carrier of Ethiopia, operating scheduled international passenger and freight services to 85 destinations world-wide, as well as domestic services to 32 destinations and passenger and cargo charter flights....
 would begin flights to Juba three times a week in September 2006. As of July 2008 there are now daily flights from Nairobi International Airport with 3 companies, daily flights from Khartoum with only one company and weekly flights with Entebbe and Addis Abeba. Juba is served by the Juba Airport
Juba Airport

Juba Airport is an airport in Juba, Sudan, Sudan . It is the operational base for Feeder Airlines Company....
 (JUB/HSSJ).

The city is the location of the Juba National University.

External links

  • Fisher, J. 2005, , BBC News, 20 April.
  • Holt, K. 2007, , BBC News, 4 January.