José María Bocanegra
Encyclopedia
José María Bocanegra was a Mexican lawyer and politician who was briefly interim
president of Mexico
in 1829.
Bocanegra graduated from the Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City
, becoming a lawyer. During the colonial period he was a lawyer for the Audiencia and a member of the College of Attorneys. He was vice-president of the Committee of Charity of the Hospice for the Poor. He became a deputy to the first Mexican Constituent Congress in 1824. He supported Agustín de Iturbide
's ascent to the imperial throne (Plan de Iguala), but opposed his exercise of arbitrary power.
Bocanegra entered the Chamber of Deputies in 1827, and on January 26, 1829, President Guadalupe Victoria
named him Minister of Internal and External Relations. He continued to hold this position with the change of administration to Vicente Guerrero
, until April 1, 1829.
On December 4, 1829, Vice-President Anastasio Bustamante
rose in revolt against Guerrero (Plan de Jalapa). Guerrero received permission from Congress to take the field to combat the rebels. On December 16, 1829 Bocanegra was appointed interim president by Congress
during Guerrero's absence, by virtue of his position as president of the Supreme Court. He took office on December 18 and served from that date to December 23, 1829, only six days. On the latter date, the military garrison of Mexico City joined the Plan de Jalapa and withdrew recognition of Bocanegra. They installed an executive triumvirate
of Pedro Vélez
, Lucas Alamán
and Luis de Quintanar
. Bocanegra returned to his professional duties as a lawyer.
Later, Bocanegra was Minister of the Treasury under Presidents Valentín Gómez Farías
and Antonio López de Santa Anna
(April 26, 1833 to December 12, 1833) and Minister of External Relations and of the Treasury under presidents Santa Anna, Nicolás Bravo
and Valentín Canalizo
(through August 18, 1844). During this period he violently protested the annexation of Texas by the United States.
Bocanegra was known as an honorable and capable man who was uncomfortable participating in politics but felt it his duty to do so. He wrote Memorias para la Historia de México Independiente. His nephew Francisco González Bocanegra
was the author of the Himno Nacional Mexicano
(Mexican National Anthem). José María Bocanegra died July 23, 1862 in the Federal District.
Interim
Interim is an album by British rock band The Fall, compiled from live and studio material and released in 2004. It features the first officially released versions of "Clasp Hands", "Blindness" and "What About Us?" — all of which were later included on the band's next studio album Fall Heads Roll —...
president of Mexico
President of Mexico
The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...
in 1829.
Bocanegra graduated from the Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City
Mexico City
Mexico City is the Federal District , capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole...
, becoming a lawyer. During the colonial period he was a lawyer for the Audiencia and a member of the College of Attorneys. He was vice-president of the Committee of Charity of the Hospice for the Poor. He became a deputy to the first Mexican Constituent Congress in 1824. He supported Agustín de Iturbide
Agustín de Iturbide
Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Aramburu , also known as Augustine I of Mexico, was a Mexican army general who built a successful political and military coalition that was able to march into Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively ending the Mexican War of Independence...
's ascent to the imperial throne (Plan de Iguala), but opposed his exercise of arbitrary power.
Bocanegra entered the Chamber of Deputies in 1827, and on January 26, 1829, President Guadalupe Victoria
Guadalupe Victoria
Guadalupe Victoria born José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix, was a Mexican politician and military man who fought for independence against the Spanish Empire in the Mexican War of Independence. He was a deputy for Durango and a member of the Supreme Executive Power...
named him Minister of Internal and External Relations. He continued to hold this position with the change of administration to Vicente Guerrero
Vicente Guerrero
Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña was one of the leading revolutionary generals of the Mexican War of Independence, who fought against Spain for independence in the early 19th century, and served briefly as President of Mexico...
, until April 1, 1829.
On December 4, 1829, Vice-President Anastasio Bustamante
Anastasio Bustamante
Anastasio Bustamante y Oseguera was president of Mexico three times, from 1830 to 1832, from 1837 to 1839 and from 1839 to 1841. He was a Conservative. He first came to power by leading a coup against president Vicente Guerrero...
rose in revolt against Guerrero (Plan de Jalapa). Guerrero received permission from Congress to take the field to combat the rebels. On December 16, 1829 Bocanegra was appointed interim president by Congress
Congress of Mexico
The Congress of the Union is the legislative branch of the Mexican government...
during Guerrero's absence, by virtue of his position as president of the Supreme Court. He took office on December 18 and served from that date to December 23, 1829, only six days. On the latter date, the military garrison of Mexico City joined the Plan de Jalapa and withdrew recognition of Bocanegra. They installed an executive triumvirate
Triumvirate
A triumvirate is a political regime dominated by three powerful individuals, each a triumvir . The arrangement can be formal or informal, and though the three are usually equal on paper, in reality this is rarely the case...
of Pedro Vélez
Pedro Vélez
José Pedro Antonio Vélez de Zúñiga was a Mexican politician and lawyer. He was also head of Governing Board of Mexico in 1829....
, Lucas Alamán
Lucas Alamán
Lucas Ignacio Alamán y Escalada was a Mexican scientist, politician, historian and writer. He studied at the Real Colegio de Minas de la Nueva España. He frequently traveled on his credentials as a scientist and diplomat, becoming one of the most educated men in Mexico...
and Luis de Quintanar
Luis de Quintanar
José Luis de Quintanar Soto y Ruiz was a Royalist military officer in New Spain and a Mexican politician after independence....
. Bocanegra returned to his professional duties as a lawyer.
Later, Bocanegra was Minister of the Treasury under Presidents Valentín Gómez Farías
Valentín Gómez Farías
Valentín Gómez Farías was several times acting President of Mexico in the 1830s and 1840s.Gomez Farias was one of the more important political figures in early Mexico. The first presidency of Santa Anna from 1833 to 1836 was a temporary victory for the Mexican Liberals...
and Antonio López de Santa Anna
Antonio López de Santa Anna
Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón , often known as Santa Anna or López de Santa Anna, known as "the Napoleon of the West," was a Mexican political leader, general, and president who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government...
(April 26, 1833 to December 12, 1833) and Minister of External Relations and of the Treasury under presidents Santa Anna, Nicolás Bravo
Nicolás Bravo
Nicolás Bravo was a Mexican politician and soldier. He distinguished himself in both offices during the 1846–1848 U.S. invasion of Mexico....
and Valentín Canalizo
Valentín Canalizo
Valentín Canalizo was a Mexican general and conservative politician. He was a supporter of a centralist national government and an obedient follower and confidante of General Antonio López de Santa Anna...
(through August 18, 1844). During this period he violently protested the annexation of Texas by the United States.
Bocanegra was known as an honorable and capable man who was uncomfortable participating in politics but felt it his duty to do so. He wrote Memorias para la Historia de México Independiente. His nephew Francisco González Bocanegra
Francisco González Bocanegra
Francisco González Bocanegra was a Mexican poet who wrote the lyrics of the Mexican National Anthem in 1853....
was the author of the Himno Nacional Mexicano
Himno Nacional Mexicano
The National Anthem of Mexico started being used in 1854, although it was not officially adopted by law until 1943. The lyrics of the national anthem, which allude to Mexican victories in the heat of battle and cries of defending the homeland, were composed by poet Francisco González Bocanegra in...
(Mexican National Anthem). José María Bocanegra died July 23, 1862 in the Federal District.