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Josiah Harmar (November 10, 1753 – August 20, 1813) was an officer in the United States Army
United States Army

The United States Army is the branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for Army operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S....
 during the American Revolution
American Revolution

The American Revolution refers to the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrew the governance of the British Empire and then rejected the British monarchy to become the sovereign United States of America....
 and the Northwest Indian War
Northwest Indian War

The Northwest Indian War , also known as Little Turtle's War and by various other names, was a war fought between the United States and a large confederation of Native Americans in the United States for control of the Northwest Territory, which ended with a decisive U.S....
. He was the senior officer in the Army for seven years.

Harmar was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Philadelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population city in the United States. It is the fifth-largest metropolitan area and fourth-largest urban area by population in the United States, the nation's fourth-largest consumer media market as ranked by the Nielsen Media Research, and the 49th-most...
 and educated at a Quaker school. He started his military career during the American Revolutionary War, receiving a commission as a captain in 1775. He served under George Washington
George Washington

George Washington was the leader of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War and served as the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States of the United States of Americas ....
 and Henry Lee during the war, and at its conclusion, by then a colonel
Colonel

Colonel is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country in the world. It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures....
, was chosen by Congress
United States Congress

The United States Congress is the Bicameralism legislature of the Federal government of the United States of the United States of America, consisting of two houses, the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives....
 in 1784 to relay the ratified Treaty of Paris (1783)
Treaty of Paris (1783)

The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ratified by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784 and by the King of Great Britain on April 9, 1784 , formally ended the American Revolutionary War between the Kingdom of Great Britain and United States, which had rebelled against British rule starting in 1775....
 to commissioner Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and Printer , Satire, list of political philosophers, politician, scientist, inventor, activism, statesman, and diplomacy....
 in Paris.

Harmar was the senior officer in the United States Army
United States Army

The United States Army is the branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for Army operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S....
, from 1784 to 1791, and was given command of the First American Regiment
First American Regiment

The First American Regiment was the first peacetime Regular Army force authorized by Congress after the American Revolutionary War.After the conclusion of the American Revolution in 1783, Congress ordered the Continental Army to disband, and General George Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief....
 in 1784.






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Josiah Harmar (November 10, 1753 – August 20, 1813) was an officer in the United States Army
United States Army

The United States Army is the branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for Army operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S....
 during the American Revolution
American Revolution

The American Revolution refers to the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrew the governance of the British Empire and then rejected the British monarchy to become the sovereign United States of America....
 and the Northwest Indian War
Northwest Indian War

The Northwest Indian War , also known as Little Turtle's War and by various other names, was a war fought between the United States and a large confederation of Native Americans in the United States for control of the Northwest Territory, which ended with a decisive U.S....
. He was the senior officer in the Army for seven years.

Harmar was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Philadelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population city in the United States. It is the fifth-largest metropolitan area and fourth-largest urban area by population in the United States, the nation's fourth-largest consumer media market as ranked by the Nielsen Media Research, and the 49th-most...
 and educated at a Quaker school. He started his military career during the American Revolutionary War, receiving a commission as a captain in 1775. He served under George Washington
George Washington

George Washington was the leader of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War and served as the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States of the United States of Americas ....
 and Henry Lee during the war, and at its conclusion, by then a colonel
Colonel

Colonel is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country in the world. It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures....
, was chosen by Congress
United States Congress

The United States Congress is the Bicameralism legislature of the Federal government of the United States of the United States of America, consisting of two houses, the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives....
 in 1784 to relay the ratified Treaty of Paris (1783)
Treaty of Paris (1783)

The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ratified by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784 and by the King of Great Britain on April 9, 1784 , formally ended the American Revolutionary War between the Kingdom of Great Britain and United States, which had rebelled against British rule starting in 1775....
 to commissioner Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and Printer , Satire, list of political philosophers, politician, scientist, inventor, activism, statesman, and diplomacy....
 in Paris.

Harmar was the senior officer in the United States Army
United States Army

The United States Army is the branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for Army operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S....
, from 1784 to 1791, and was given command of the First American Regiment
First American Regiment

The First American Regiment was the first peacetime Regular Army force authorized by Congress after the American Revolutionary War.After the conclusion of the American Revolution in 1783, Congress ordered the Continental Army to disband, and General George Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief....
 in 1784. He signed the Treaty of Fort McIntosh
Treaty of Fort McIntosh

The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a treaty between the United States government and representatives of the Wyandotte, Lenape, Chippewa and Ottawa tribe nations of Native Americans ....
 in 1785, the same year that he ordered the construction of Fort Harmar near Marietta, Ohio
Marietta, Ohio

Marietta is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Washington County, Ohio. The municipality is located in southeastern Ohio along the Ohio River....
. He also supervised the construction of Fort Steuben near present-day Steubenville, Ohio
Steubenville, Ohio

Steubenville is a city located along the Ohio River in Jefferson County, Ohio, Ohio, in the United States. It is the county seat of Jefferson County, Ohio and is largely considered part of the Pittsburgh Tri-State area, unofficially as a suburb despite its own individual identity....
. Harmar was promoted to brigadier general in 1787. General Harmar directed the construction in 1789 of Fort Washington, Cincinnati, Ohio
Fort Washington, Cincinnati, Ohio

Fort Washington was a fort in the early history of Cincinnati, Ohio.In 1789, Fort Washington was built to protect early settlements located in the Northwest Territory....
, which was built to protect the settlements in the Northwest Territory
Northwest Territory

The Northwest Territory, formally known as the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio, was a governmental region within the early United States....
. The fort was named in honor of President Washington.

In 1790, Harmar was sent on expeditions against Native Americans
Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans in the United States are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii....
 and remaining British
Great Britain

Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the List of islands by area, and the largest in Europe. With a population of 58.9 million people it is List of islands by population....
 in the Northwest Territory
Northwest Territory

The Northwest Territory, formally known as the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio, was a governmental region within the early United States....
. After a few initial military successes, his force of Federal troops was defeated by a tribal coalition led by Little Turtle
Michikinikwa

Little Turtle or Mishikinakwa was a chief of the Miami tribe in what is presently Indiana, and one of the most successful Native Americans in the United States military leaders of his era....
, in an engagement known as the "Harmar's defeat", "Battle of the Maumee
Maumee River

The Maumee River is a river in northwestern Ohio and northeastern Indiana in the United States. It is formed at Fort Wayne, Indiana by the confluence of the St....
", Battle of Kekionga
Kekionga

Kekionga, also known as Kiskakon or Pacanne Village, was the capitol of the Miami tribe at the confluence of the St. Joseph River , St. Marys River and Maumee Rivers on the western edge of the Great Black Swamp....
", or "Battle of the Miami Towns". Later, Harmar returned with a somewhat larger force and engaged the coalition, but fought to a draw. Consequently he was relieved of this command and replaced by General Arthur St. Clair
Arthur St. Clair

Arthur St. Clair was an American soldier and politician. Born in Scotland, he served in the British Army during the French and Indian War before settling in Pennsylvania, where he held local office....
. Harmar was subsequently court-martial
Court-martial

A court-martial is a military court. These military courts can determine punishments for members of the military subject to military law who are found guilty or may dismiss the charges based on the evidence and the case presented....
ed, at his own request, on various charges of negligence, and exonerated.

After his retirement from the Army in 1792, Harmar served as adjutant general
Adjutant general

An Adjutant General is a military chief administrative officer....
 of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
 (1793–1799). He died near Philadelphia at his estate, "The Retreat." He is buried at the Episcopal church of St. James, Kingsessing, in West Philadelphia.

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