Joint Photographic Experts Group
Encyclopedia
The Joint Photographic Experts Group is the joint committee between ISO/IEC JTC1
ISO/IEC JTC1
ISO/IEC JTC 1 is Joint Technical Committee 1 of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission . It deals with all matters of information technology....

 and ITU-T
ITU-T
The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector is one of the three sectors of the International Telecommunication Union ; it coordinates standards for telecommunications....

 (formerly CCITT) that created the JPEG
JPEG
In computing, JPEG . The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality. JPEG typically achieves 10:1 compression with little perceptible loss in image quality....

, JPEG 2000
JPEG 2000
JPEG 2000 is an image compression standard and coding system. It was created by the Joint Photographic Experts Group committee in 2000 with the intention of superseding their original discrete cosine transform-based JPEG standard with a newly designed, wavelet-based method...

, and JPEG XR standards. It is one of two sub-groups of ISO
International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization , widely known as ISO, is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Founded on February 23, 1947, the organization promulgates worldwide proprietary, industrial and commercial...

/IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
The International Electrotechnical Commission is a non-profit, non-governmental international standards organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies – collectively known as "electrotechnology"...

 Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29, Working Group 1 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1) - titled as Coding of still pictures. In the ITU-T
ITU-T
The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector is one of the three sectors of the International Telecommunication Union ; it coordinates standards for telecommunications....

, its work falls in the domain of the ITU-T Visual Coding Experts Group (VCEG)
VCEG
The Video Coding Experts Group or Visual Coding Experts Group is the informal name of Question 6 of Working Party 3 of Study Group 16 of the ITU-T. Its abbreviated title is ITU-T Q.6/SG 16...

. ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29 Working Group 1 (working together with ITU-T Study Group 16 - SG16 and previously also with Study Group 8 - SG8) is responsible for the JPEG and JBIG standards. The scope of the organization includes the work of both the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group
Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group
The Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group is a group of experts nominated by national standards bodies and major companies to work to produce standards for bi-level image coding. The 'joint' refers to its status as a committee working on both ISO and ITU-T standards...

.

In April 1983, ISO started to work to add photo quality graphics to the text terminals. In the mid 1980s, both CCITT (now ITU-T) and ISO had standardization groups for image coding: CCITT Study Group VIII (SG8) - Telematic Services and ISO TC97 SC2 WG8 - Coding of Audio and Picture Information. They were historically targeted on image communication. In 1986 it was decided to create the Joint (CCITT/ISO) Photographic Expert Group. The JPEG committee was created in 1986. In 1988 it was decided to create the Joint (CCITT/ISO) Bi-level Image Group (JBIG). The group typically meets three times annually in North America, Asia and Europe. The group often meets jointly with the JBIG committee.

Joint Bi-level Image experts Group

The Joint Bi-level Image experts Group
Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group
The Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group is a group of experts nominated by national standards bodies and major companies to work to produce standards for bi-level image coding. The 'joint' refers to its status as a committee working on both ISO and ITU-T standards...

(JBIG) is the second sub-group of the same working group
Working group
A working group is an interdisciplinary collaboration of researchers working on new research activities that would be difficult to develop under traditional funding mechanisms . The lifespan of the WG can last anywhere between a few months and several years...

 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1) as the Joint Photographic Experts Group, which focuses on binary image
Binary image
A binary image is a digital image that has only two possible values for each pixel. Typically the two colors used for a binary image are black and white though any two colors can be used. The color used for the object in the image is the foreground color while the rest of the image is the...

s. They created the JBIG
JBIG
JBIG is a lossless image compression standard from the Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group, standardized as ISO/IEC standard 11544 and as ITU-T recommendation T.82. It is widely implemented in fax machines. Now that the newer bi-level image compression standard JBIG2 has been released, JBIG is also...

 and JBIG2
JBIG2
JBIG2 is an image compression standard for bi-level images, developed by the Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group. It is suitable for both lossless and lossy compression...

 standard.

Standards published and under development

The JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) as a sub-group of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 - Coding of Still Pictures (working as a joint team with ITU-T SG 16) have developed various standards, which have been published by ITU-T and/or ISO/IEC. The standards developed by the JPEG and JBIG sub-groups are referred to as a joint development of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 and ITU-T SG 16. The JPEG standards consist of different Parts. Each part covers a certain aspect of the whole specification. Some of the published JPEG standards were revised by later amendments and/or new editions. Standards developed and under development by JPEG are shown in the table below.
Joint Photographic Experts Group - standards published and under development
Common Name Part First public release date (First edition) ISO/IEC Number  ITU Number Formal Title
JPEG
JPEG
In computing, JPEG . The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality. JPEG typically achieves 10:1 compression with little perceptible loss in image quality....

 
Part 1 1992 ISO/IEC 10918-1 ITU-T Rec. T.81 Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images – Requirements and guidelines
Part 2 1994 ISO/IEC 10918-2 ITU-T Rec. T.83 Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images – Compliance testing
Part 3 1996 ISO/IEC 10918-3 ITU-T Rec. T.84 Information technology—Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Extensions
Part 4 1998 ISO/IEC 10918-4 ITU-T Rec. T.86 Information technology—Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Registration of JPEG profiles, SPIFF profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers, SPIFF compression types and Registration Authorities (REGAUT)
Part 5 under development ISO/IEC FDIS 10918-5 Information technology—Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF)
JPEG-LS
JPEG-LS
Lossless JPEG refers to a 1993 addition to JPEG standard by the Joint Photographic Experts Group to enable lossless compression. However, it might be used as an umbrella term to refer to all lossless compression schemes developed by the Joint Photographic Expert group...

 
Part 1 1998 ISO/IEC 14495-1 ITU-T Rec. T.87 Information technology—Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Baseline
Part 2 2002 ISO/IEC 14495-2 ITU-T Rec. T.870 Information technology—Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Extensions
JPEG 2000
JPEG 2000
JPEG 2000 is an image compression standard and coding system. It was created by the Joint Photographic Experts Group committee in 2000 with the intention of superseding their original discrete cosine transform-based JPEG standard with a newly designed, wavelet-based method...

 
Part 1 2000 ISO/IEC 15444-1 ITU-T Rec. T.800 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system – Core coding system
Part 2 2004 ISO/IEC 15444-2 ITU-T Rec. T.801 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system – Extensions
Part 3 2002 ISO/IEC 15444-3 ITU-T Rec. T.802 Information technology—JPEG 2000 image coding system: Motion JPEG 2000
Part 4 2002 ISO/IEC 15444-4 ITU-T Rec. T.803 Information technology—JPEG 2000 image coding system: Conformance testing
Part 5 2003 ISO/IEC 15444-5 ITU-T Rec. T.804 Information technology—JPEG 2000 image coding system: Reference software
Part 6 2003 ISO/IEC 15444-6 Information technology—JPEG 2000 image coding system—Part 6: Compound image file format
Part 8 2007 ISO/IEC 15444-8 ITU-T Rec. T.807 Information technology—JPEG 2000 image coding system: Secure JPEG 2000
Part 9 2005 ISO/IEC 15444-9 ITU-T Rec. T.808 Information technology—JPEG 2000 image coding system: Interactivity tools, APIs and protocols
Part 10 2008 ISO/IEC 15444-10 ITU-T Rec. T.809 Information technology—JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions for three-dimensional data
Part 11 2007 ISO/IEC 15444-11 ITU-T Rec. T.810 Information technology—JPEG 2000 image coding system: Wireless
Part 12 2004 ISO/IEC 15444-12 Information technology—JPEG 2000 image coding system—Part 12: ISO base media file format
Part 13 2008 ISO/IEC 15444-13 ITU-T Rec. T.812 Information technology—JPEG 2000 image coding system: An entry level JPEG 2000 encoder
Part 14 under development ISO/IEC AWI 15444-14 Information technology—JPEG 2000 image coding system—Part 14: XML structural representation and reference
MRC
Mixed raster content
Mixed raster content or MRC is a process of using image segmentation methods to improve the contrast resolution of a raster image composed of pixels. The decomposition of an image using segmentation approaches separates image objects on a foreground and background plane that can be viewed...

 
1999 ISO/IEC 16485 ITU-T Rec. T.44 Information technology—Mixed Raster Content (MRC)
JPSearch Part 1 2007 ISO/IEC TR 24800-1 Information technology—JPSearch—Part 1: System framework and components
Part 2 under development ISO/IEC FDIS 24800-2 Information technology—JPSearch—Part 2: Registration, identification and management of schema and ontology
Part 3 2010 ISO/IEC 24800-3 Information technology—JPSearch—Part 3: Query format
Part 4 2010 ISO/IEC 24800-4 Information technology—JPSearch—Part 4: File format for metadata embedded in image data (JPEG and JPEG 2000)
Part 5 under development ISO/IEC FDIS 24800-5 Information technology—JPSearch—Part 5: Data interchange format between image repositories
Part 6 under development ISO/IEC CD 24800-6 Information technology—JPSearch—Part 6: Reference software
JPEG XR  Part 1 2011 ISO/IEC TR 29199-1 T.Sup2 Information technology—JPEG XR image coding system—Part 1: System architecture
Part 2 2009 ISO/IEC 29199-2 ITU-T Rec. T.832 Information technology - JPEG XR image coding system - Part 2: Image coding specification
Part 3 2010 ISO/IEC 29199-3 ITU-T Rec. T.833 Information technology—JPEG XR image coding system—Part 3: Motion JPEG XR
Part 4 2010 ISO/IEC 29199-4 ITU-T Rec. T.834 Information technology—JPEG XR image coding system—Part 4: Conformance testing
Part 5 2010 ISO/IEC 29199-5 ITU-T Rec. T.835 Information technology—JPEG XR image coding system—Part 5: Reference software
AIC under development ISO/IEC NP 29170 Information technology—Advanced image coding and evaluation methodologies

See also

  • Moving Picture Experts Group
    Moving Picture Experts Group
    The Moving Picture Experts Group is a working group of experts that was formed by ISO and IEC to set standards for audio and video compression and transmission. It was established in 1988 by the initiative of Hiroshi Yasuda and Leonardo Chiariglione, who has been from the beginning the Chairman...

     (MPEG)
  • Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group
    Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group
    The Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group is a group of experts nominated by national standards bodies and major companies to work to produce standards for bi-level image coding. The 'joint' refers to its status as a committee working on both ISO and ITU-T standards...

    (JBIG)
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