John Nash (architect)

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John Nash (architect)

John Nash (18 January 1752 – 13 May 1835) was an Anglo-Welsh architect

Architect

An architect is trained and licenced in planning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton , i.e....
responsible for much of the layout of Regency

English Regency

The Regency period in the United Kingdom is the period between 1811 and 1820, when King George III of the United Kingdom was deemed unfit to rule and his son, later George IV of the United Kingdom, was instated to be his Regent as Prince Regent....
London

London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
.

Born in Lambeth

Lambeth

Lambeth is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth, although the area is now more commonly known as Waterloo, after the railway station whose viaduct separates the former centre of the village from the River Thames....
, London as the son of a Welsh

Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
millwright, Nash trained with architect Sir Robert Taylor

Robert Taylor (architect)

Sir Robert Taylor was a notable England architect of the mid-late 18th century.Born at Woodford, Essex, Taylor followed in his father's footsteps and started working as a stone-mason and sculpture, spending time as a pupil of Sir Henry Cheere....
, but his own career was initially unsuccessful and short-lived.

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John Nash (18 January 1752 – 13 May 1835) was an Anglo-Welsh architect

Architect

English Regency

London

Lambeth

Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
millwright, Nash trained with architect Sir Robert Taylor

Robert Taylor (architect)

Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
, but he lost much of his fortune through bad investments and was declared bankrupt in 1783. This forced him to resume work as an architect, focusing initially on the design of country houses, in a successful partnership with landscape garden designer, Humphry Repton

Humphry Repton

Humphry Repton , was the last great England Landscape architecture of the eighteenth century, often regarded as the successor to Capability Brown; he also sowed the seeds of the more intricate and eclectic styles of the nineteenth century....
; the pair would collaborate to carefully place the Nash-designed building in grounds designed by Repton. Eventually, Nash felt able to return to work in London, in 1792.

Nash came to work in Ireland

Ireland

Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
as an architect after 1793. He designed Caledon House, County Tyrone

County Tyrone

County Tyrone is the second largest of the nine Irish county of Ulster and the largest of the six counties of Northern Ireland. It has an area of 3,155 square kilometres ....
; Killymoon Castle

Killymoon Castle

Killymoon Castle is a castle situated about one mile south east of Cookstown, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland on the north bank of the Ballinderry River....
, near Cookstown

Cookstown

Cookstown may refer to either of the following:*Cookstown, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland*Cookstown, Ontario, Canada*Cookstown, New Jersey, United States...
, County Tyrone, and Kilwater Castle, Larne

Larne

Larne is a substantial seaport and industrial town on the east coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland with a population of 18,228 people in the United Kingdom Census 2001....
, County Antrim

County Antrim

County Antrim is one of six Counties of Northern Ireland that form Northern Ireland, and one of nine counties that historically and geographically constitute the Province of Ulster....
.

Nash's work came to the attention of the Prince Regent

Prince Regent

A prince regent is a prince who rules a monarchy as Regent instead of a Monarch, e.g., due to the Sovereign's incapacity or absence .While the term itself can have the generic meaning and refer to any prince who fills the role of regent, historically it has mainly been used to describe a small number of individual Princes who were Regents....
(later King George IV

George IV of the United Kingdom

George IV was the king of Kingdom of Hanover and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from the death of his father, George III of the United Kingdom, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later....
) who, in 1811 commissioned him to develop an area then known as Marylebone

Marylebone

Marylebone is an affluent, inner-city area of central London, located within the City of Westminster. It can be pronounced as Marribun or Mar-lee-bone Marylebone is in an area of London that can be roughly defined as the area bounded by Oxford Street to the south, Marylebone Road to the north, Edgware Road to the west and Portland Place to...
Park. With the Regent's backing (and major inputs from Repton), Nash created a master plan for the area, put into action from 1818 onwards, which stretched from St James’s northwards and included Regent Street

Regent Street

Regent Street is one of the major high street in London's West End of London, well known to tourists and Londoners alike, and famous for its Christmas illuminations....
, Regent's Park

Regent's Park

Regent's Park is one of the Royal Parks of London of London. It is in the northern part of central London partly in the City of Westminster and partly in the London Borough of Camden....
and its neighbouring streets, terraces and crescents of elegant town houses and villas. Nash did not complete all the detailed designs himself; in some instances, completion was left in the hands of other architects such as James Pennethorne

James Pennethorne

Sir James Pennethorne was a notable 19th century England architect and planner, particularly associated with buildings and parks in central London....
and the young Decimus Burton

Decimus Burton

Decimus Burton was a prolific England architect and garden designer, particularly associated with projects in the classical style in London parks, including buildings at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and London Zoo, and with the layout and architecture of the seaside towns of Fleetwood and St Leonards-on-Sea and of Royal Tunbridge Wells....
. Nash was employed by the Prince to develop his Ocean Pavilion Palace in Brighton, originally designed by Henry Holland. By the early 19th century Nash finished his work on the Ocean Pavilion, which was now transformed into the Royal Pavilion. The Royal Pavilion still stands in Brighton today.

Nash was also a director of the Regent's Canal

Regent's Canal

The Regent's Canal is a canal across an area just to the north of central London, England. It provides a link from the Paddington arm of the Grand Union Canal, just north-west of Paddington Basin, in the west, to the Limehouse Basin and the River Thames in east London....
Company set up in 1812 to provide a canal

Canal

Canals are artificial channels for water. There are two types of canals: Aqueduct canals, which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water, and waterways, which are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans....
link from west London to the River Thames

River Thames

The Thames is a major river flowing through southern England. While best known because its lower reaches flow through central London, the river flows through several other towns and cities, including Oxford, Reading, Berkshire and Windsor, Berkshire....
in the east. Nash's masterplan provided for the canal to run around the northern edge of Regent's Park; as with other projects, he left its execution to one of his assistants, in this case James Morgan

James Morgan (engineer)

James Morgan was a British architect and engineer, notably associated with the construction of the Regent's Canal in London.Morgan is thought to have been born in Carmarthen, south Wales, where he became employed by noted architect and planner John Nash ? an association which was to last some 40 years....
. The first phase of the Regent's Canal opened in 1816.

Further London commissions for Nash followed, including the remodelling of Buckingham House to create Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal entertaining, and a major tourist attraction....
(1825-1835), plus the Royal Mews

Royal Mews

The Royal Mews is the mews of the British Royal Family in London. They have occupied two main sites, formerly at Charing Cross, and since the 1820s at Buckingham Palace....
and Marble Arch

Marble Arch

Marble Arch is a white Carrara marble monument near Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park, London, at the western end of Oxford Street in London, England, near the Marble Arch tube station of the same name....
(originally designed as a triumphal arch

Triumphal arch

A triumphal arch is a structure in the shape of a monumental arch, in theory built to celebrate a victory in war, actually used to celebrate a ruler....
to stand at the entrance to Buckingham Palace. There is an urban myth which says that it was found to be too narrow for the royal State Coach and was moved in 1851 to its current location at the western end of Oxford Street

Oxford Street

Oxford Street is a major thoroughfare in London, England in the City of Westminster. With over 300 shops, it is Europe's busiest shopping street, as well as the most dense....
). The arch was moved when the fourth wing was built, designed by Edward Blore

Edward Blore

Edward Blore was a 19th century British architect and antiquary. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. Blore is most notable for his completion of John Nash's design of Buckingham Palace, following Nash's dismissal....
, at the request of Queen Victoria

Victoria of the United Kingdom

Victoria was from 20 June 1837 the Queen regnant of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and from 1 May 1876 the first Empress of India of the British Raj until her death....
whose growing family required additional domestic space. Marble Arch became the entrance to Hyde Park

Hyde Park, London

Hyde Park is one of the largest parks in central London, England and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers' Corner.The park is divided in two by the Serpentine ....
and The Great Exhibition

The Great Exhibition

The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations or Great Exhibition, sometimes referred to as the Crystal Palace Exhibition in reference to the temporary structure in which it was held, was an international exhibition that took place in Hyde Park, London, London, England, from 1 May to 15 October 1851....
.

Other London projects included:

Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square is a square in central London, England. With its position in the heart of London, it is a tourist attraction; its trademark is Nelson's Column which stands in the centre and the four lion statues that guard the column....
St. James's Park
St. James's Park

St. James's Park is a 58 acre park in City of Westminster, central London, the oldest of the Royal Parks of London. The park lies at the southernmost tip of the St....
Haymarket Theatre
Haymarket Theatre

The Theatre Royal Haymarket or Haymarket Theatre or the Little Theatre is a West End theatre in The Haymarket in the City of Westminster which dates back to 1720, making it the third-oldest London playhouse still in use....
(1820)
the Church of All Souls, Langham Place (1822-25)
Chester Terrace
Chester Terrace

Chester Terrace is a street in Camden Town, London, England. At each end there is a Corinthian arch bearing at the top the street name in large lettering on a blue background, probably the largest street signs in London....
(1825)
Carlton House Terrace
Carlton House Terrace

Carlton House Terrace refers to a street in the St. James's district of London, England, and in particular to two terraces of white stucco-faced houses on the south side of the street overlooking St....
(1827-1833)
Cumberland Terrace
Cumberland Terrace

Cumberland Terrace is a Terraced house on the eastern side of Regent's Park in the London Borough of Camden. It was one of several terraces and crescents around Regent's Park designed by the United Kingdom architect John Nash around the Park, having the patronage of the then Prince of Wales during the English Regency....
(1827)

Outside London, his work included:

rebuilding of the Royal Pavilion at Brighton
Brighton

Brighton is a city on the south coast of England and, with its neighbours Hove and Portslade, forms the Brighton and Hove.The ancient settlement of Brighthelmston dates from before the Domesday Book , but it emerged as a health resort during the 18th Century and became a destination for day-trippers after the arrival of the railway in...
(1815-1822)
East Cowes Castle
East Cowes Castle

East Cowes Castle was the home of architect John Nash between its completion and his death in 1835. Nash himself was the designer of the site, and began construction as early as 1789....
on the Isle of Wight
Isle of Wight

The Isle of Wight is an England island and county, located 3-8 km from the south coast of the mainland, in the English Channel. It is situated south of the county of Hampshire and is separated from mainland Britain by the Solent....
– his home for many years
Blaise Hamlet
Blaise Hamlet

Blaise Hamlet is a Hamlet in north west Bristol, England, composed of a complex of small cottages around a green. They were built around 1811 for retired employees of Quaker banking and philanthropy John Scandrett Harford, who owned Blaise Castle House....
, Bristol
Bristol

Bristol is a City status in the United Kingdom, unitary authority area and Ceremonial counties of England in South West England, west of London, and east of Cardiff....
Grovelands Park
Grovelands Park

Located in Winchmore Hill, London is Grovelands Park which originated as a private estate....
, Enfield, Middlesex
Middlesex

Middlesex , from the Old English Middelseaxe , is one of the 39 Historic counties of England of England and the List of counties of England by area in 1831....
Llanerchaeron
Llanerchaeron

Llanerchaeron is a mansion on the River Aeron, designed and built in the 1790s by John Nash for Colonel William Lewis as a model, self-sufficient farm complex located in Aberaeron, Ceredigion, Wales....
, Ciliau Aeron
Ciliau Aeron

Ciliau Aeron is a small village 4 miles from Aberaeron in Ceredigion, Wales.The word Ciliau comes from the Welsh for corners....
, Ceredigion
Ceredigion

Ceredigion is a Principal areas of Wales and former kingdom in mid-west Wales. In extent it is more or less identical to the historic county of Cardiganshire, and it was reconstituted as a county under that name in 1996, reverting to Ceredigion a day later....
Foley House
Foley House

Foley House, located at 45 and 47 Main Street, Westport, Ontario, Canada is of significant historical note because of its connection to Canada?s first Prime Minister, Sir John A....
, Haverfordwest
Haverfordwest

Haverfordwest is the county town of Pembrokeshire, in South West Wales Wales. It is also the second largest town in Pembrokeshire, after Milford Haven....
, Pembrokeshire
Pembrokeshire

Pembrokeshire is a county in the South West Wales of Wales in the United Kingdom....
Cronkhill
Cronkhill

Cronkhill, a country house in Shropshire near Shrewsbury, was designed by John Nash about 1802 for the second Baron Berwick,, who lived nearby at Attingham Park....
, near Shrewsbury, Shropshire. First Italianate villa in Britain.
Caerhays Castle
Williams family of Caerhays and Burncoose

The Williams family of Caerhays and Burncoose, were, for several generations, dominant in the Cornish people Industrial Revolution as owners of mines and smelting works....
, Cornwall (1808)
Normanby Hall
Normanby Hall

Normanby Hall is a classical England mansion, located north of Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire.The present Hall was built in 1825–30 for Sir Robert Sheffield , whose family had lived on the site since 1539....
Killymoon Castle
Killymoon Castle

Killymoon Castle is a castle situated about one mile south east of Cookstown, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland on the north bank of the Ballinderry River....
, Cookstown
Cookstown

Cookstown may refer to either of the following:*Cookstown, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland*Cookstown, Ontario, Canada*Cookstown, New Jersey, United States...
, County Tyrone
County Tyrone

County Tyrone is the second largest of the nine Irish county of Ulster and the largest of the six counties of Northern Ireland. It has an area of 3,155 square kilometres ....
, Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland

conventional_long_name = Northern Ireland|native_name= Tuaisceart ?ireannNorlin Airlann|motto =|image_map = Europe location N-IRL2.png...
Swiss Cottage
Swiss Cottage

Swiss Cottage is a landmark in North West London in the London Boroughs of Camden & Westminster.Swiss Cottage is a often misdefined as a district of North West London in the London Borough of Camden....
, Cahir
Cahir

File:CahirCastle06.JPGFile:Cahir.jpgFile:Protestant church-2.JPGFile:Cahir AD1599.JPGCahir , often spelled Caher in older accounts, is a town in South Tipperary, Ireland....
, County Tipperary
County Tipperary

County Tipperary is a county in Republic of Ireland situated in the province of Munster. Tipperary was one of the first Irish counties to be established in the 13th century....
, Ireland
Ireland

Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....

He died and was buried at St James Church, Cowes

Cowes

Cowes is an English seaport town on the Isle of Wight, an island south of Southampton. Cowes is located on the west bank of the estuary of the River Medina facing the smaller town of East Cowes on the east Bank....
. The changes wrought by John Nash on the streetscape of London are documented in the film, "John Nash and London", featuring Edmund N. Bacon and based on sections of his book Design of Cities
Design of Cities

Design of Cities, published in 1976, is an illustrated account of the development of urban form, written by Edmund Bacon , who was the Executive Director of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission from 1949 to 1970....
.