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John Marshall (archaeologist)
 
 
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Sir John Hubert Marshall (March 19, 1876 Chester - August 17, 1958 Guildford
Guildford

Guildford is the county town of Surrey, England, as well as the seat for the Guildford and the administrative headquarters of the South East England region....
) was the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India
Archaeological Survey of India

The Archaeological Survey of India is a Department of the Government of India, attached to the Ministry of Culture that is responsible for archaeology studies and the preservation of archaeological heritage of the country by various acts of the Indian Parliament....
 from 1902 to 1928. He was responsible for the excavation that lead to the discovery of Harappa
Harappa

Harappa is a city in Punjab , northeast Pakistan, about 35 km southwest of Sahiwal.The modern town is located near the former course of the Ravi River and also beside the ruins of an ancient history fortification city, which was part of the Cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization....
 and Mohenjodaro, two of the main cities that comprise the Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization

The Indus Valley Civilization , abbreviated IVC, was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus River basin. Primarily centered along the Indus river, the civilization encompassed most of Pakistan, including its Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan provinces, and extending into modern day Indian states of Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab...
.

Marshall was educated at Dulwich College
Dulwich College

Dulwich College is a selective independent school for boys in Dulwich, a suburb of south-east London, United Kingdom. The College was founded in 1619 by Edward Alleyn, a successful Elizabethan era actor, with the original purpose of educating 12 poor scholars as the foundation of "God's Gift"....
 as well as King's College, Cambridge
King's College, Cambridge

King's College, Cambridge is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and St. Nicholas in Cambridge, it is referred to as King's within the university....
. In 1902 he was appointed Director-General of Archaeology by Lord Curzon within the British Indian administration, and modernised the approach to archaeology on that continent, introducing a programme of cataloguing and conservation of ancient monuments and artefacts.

It was thanks to Marshall that native Indians were allowed for the first time to participate in excavations in their own country.






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Sir John Hubert Marshall (March 19, 1876 Chester - August 17, 1958 Guildford
Guildford

Guildford is the county town of Surrey, England, as well as the seat for the Guildford and the administrative headquarters of the South East England region....
) was the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India
Archaeological Survey of India

The Archaeological Survey of India is a Department of the Government of India, attached to the Ministry of Culture that is responsible for archaeology studies and the preservation of archaeological heritage of the country by various acts of the Indian Parliament....
 from 1902 to 1928. He was responsible for the excavation that lead to the discovery of Harappa
Harappa

Harappa is a city in Punjab , northeast Pakistan, about 35 km southwest of Sahiwal.The modern town is located near the former course of the Ravi River and also beside the ruins of an ancient history fortification city, which was part of the Cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization....
 and Mohenjodaro, two of the main cities that comprise the Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization

The Indus Valley Civilization , abbreviated IVC, was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus River basin. Primarily centered along the Indus river, the civilization encompassed most of Pakistan, including its Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan provinces, and extending into modern day Indian states of Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab...
.

Marshall was educated at Dulwich College
Dulwich College

Dulwich College is a selective independent school for boys in Dulwich, a suburb of south-east London, United Kingdom. The College was founded in 1619 by Edward Alleyn, a successful Elizabethan era actor, with the original purpose of educating 12 poor scholars as the foundation of "God's Gift"....
 as well as King's College, Cambridge
King's College, Cambridge

King's College, Cambridge is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and St. Nicholas in Cambridge, it is referred to as King's within the university....
. In 1902 he was appointed Director-General of Archaeology by Lord Curzon within the British Indian administration, and modernised the approach to archaeology on that continent, introducing a programme of cataloguing and conservation of ancient monuments and artefacts.

It was thanks to Marshall that native Indians were allowed for the first time to participate in excavations in their own country. In 1913, he began the excavations at Taxila
Taxila

Taxila is an important archaeological site in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It dates back to the Ancient Indian period and contains the ruins of the Gandhara city of Takshashila an important Vedanta/Hinduism and Buddhist centre of learning from the 6th century BCE...
, which lasted for twenty years. He laid the foundation stone for the Taxila museum in 1918. The museum hosts many artifacts and also hosts one of Marshall's very few portraits. He then moved on to other sites, including the Buddhist
Buddhism

Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices considered by most to be a religionand is based on the teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as "The Buddha" , who was born in what is today Nepal....
 centres of Sanchi
Sanchi

Sanchi is a small village in Raisen District of the State of Madhya Pradesh, India, it is located 46 km north east of Bhopal, and 10 km from Besnagar and Vidisha in the central part of the state of Madhya Pradesh....
 and Sarnath
Sarnath

Sarnath is the deer park where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha came into existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna....
. His work revealed to the world the true age of Indian civilisation especially Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization

The Indus Valley Civilization , abbreviated IVC, was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus River basin. Primarily centered along the Indus river, the civilization encompassed most of Pakistan, including its Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan provinces, and extending into modern day Indian states of Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab...
 and Mauryan age (Ashoka
Ashoka

Ashoka was an Indian emperor, of the Maurya Empire who ruled from 273 BCE to 232 BCE. Often cited as one of India's as well as world's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over most of present-day India after a number of military conquests....
's Age).

Sir John Marshall is also known for his important part in excavations at Knossos
Knossos

Knossos , also known as the Knossos Palace is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and probably the ceremonial and political center of the Minoan civilization and culture....
 and various other sites on Crete
Crete

Crete is the largest of the Greek islands and the List of islands in the Mediterranean largest island in the Mediterranean Sea at 8,336 km? ....
 between 1898 and 1901 .

Knighthood

John Marshall was knighted in 1914.

Publications

**

In British Academy
British Academy

The British Academy is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. It was established by Royal Charter in 1902, and is a fellowship of more than 800 scholars....
 


Sir John Marshall became (was elected as a ) Fellow of the British Academy
British Academy

The British Academy is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. It was established by Royal Charter in 1902, and is a fellowship of more than 800 scholars....
 , United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 in 1936 .

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