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John Kay (flying shuttle)

 
John Kay (flying Shuttle)

 
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John Kay (flying shuttle)
 
 
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John Kay (17 June 1704 – 1780) was the inventor
Inventor

An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method, form, device or other useful means. The word inventor comes form the latin verb invenire, invent-, to find....
 of the flying shuttle
Flying shuttle

The flying shuttle was one of the key developments in weaving that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution. It was patented by John Kay in 1733....
, which was a key contribution to the Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomics and cultural conditions in United Kingdom....
. He was born in Bury
Bury

Bury is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, east of Bolton, west-southwest of Rochdale, and north-northwest of the city of Manchester....
, Lancashire
Lancashire

Lancashire is a Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England of Historic counties of England in the North West England of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea....
, England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
. The flying shuttle greatly accelerated the speed at which weaving
Weaving

Weaving is the textile arts in which two distinct sets of yarn, called the Warp and the filling or weft , are interlaced with each other to form a textile....
 could be performed by allowing the shuttle carrying the weft
Weft

In weaving, weft or woof is the yarn which is drawn under and over parallel Warp yarns to create a textile. In North America, it is sometimes referred to as the "fill" or the "filling yarn", and in India, it is referred to as "baana"....
 to be passed through the warp
Warp (weaving)

In weaving, the warp is the set of lengthwise yarns through which the weft is woven. Each individual warp thread in a fabric is called a warp end....
 threads more quickly and over a greater width of cloth.






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John Kay (17 June 1704 – 1780) was the inventor
Inventor

An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method, form, device or other useful means. The word inventor comes form the latin verb invenire, invent-, to find....
 of the flying shuttle
Flying shuttle

The flying shuttle was one of the key developments in weaving that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution. It was patented by John Kay in 1733....
, which was a key contribution to the Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomics and cultural conditions in United Kingdom....
.
Johnkaymemorial
He was born in Bury
Bury

Bury is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, east of Bolton, west-southwest of Rochdale, and north-northwest of the city of Manchester....
, Lancashire
Lancashire

Lancashire is a Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England of Historic counties of England in the North West England of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea....
, England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
. The flying shuttle greatly accelerated the speed at which weaving
Weaving

Weaving is the textile arts in which two distinct sets of yarn, called the Warp and the filling or weft , are interlaced with each other to form a textile....
 could be performed by allowing the shuttle carrying the weft
Weft

In weaving, weft or woof is the yarn which is drawn under and over parallel Warp yarns to create a textile. In North America, it is sometimes referred to as the "fill" or the "filling yarn", and in India, it is referred to as "baana"....
 to be passed through the warp
Warp (weaving)

In weaving, the warp is the set of lengthwise yarns through which the weft is woven. Each individual warp thread in a fabric is called a warp end....
 threads more quickly and over a greater width of cloth. The production of cotton
Cotton

Cotton is a soft, staple fiber that grows in a form known as a boll around the seeds of the cotton plant a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, India and Africa....
 yarn
Yarn

Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery and ropemaking....
 was generally insufficient to keep up with the demand for hand-loom
Loom

A loom is a machine or device for weaving thread or yarn into textiles. Looms can range from very small hand-held frames, to large free-standing hand looms, to huge automatic mechanical devices....
 weavers, so his invention was not appreciated by weavers who thought it would steal their jobs; consequently he was persecuted and his constructions were damaged or destroyed. He fled England to France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 to try and sell his invention in that market, but he failed there as well and died from being poor. His son Robert stayed in England, and developed the drop box, which allowed looms to use wefts of multiple colours. Ford Madox Brown
Ford Madox Brown

Ford Madox Brown was an England painter of moral and historical subjects, notable for his distinctively graphic and often William Hogarth version of the Pre-Raphaelite style....
 portrayed Kay and his invention in a mural painting
The Manchester Murals

The Manchester Murals are a series of twelve paintings by Ford Madox Brown on the history of Manchester, England in Manchester Town Hall. Following the success of Brown's painting Work he was commissioned to paint six murals for the Great Hall of the new building....
 in Manchester Town Hall
Manchester Town Hall

Manchester Town Hall is a building in Manchester, England that houses Manchester City Council. Completed by architect Alfred Waterhouse in 1877, it is a fine example of Victorian era Gothic revival, featuring imposing murals by Ford Madox Brown....
.

This John Kay should not be confused with the clockmaker from Warrington
John Kay (spinning frame)

John Kay was a clockmaker from Warrington, Lancashire, England. He is known by association with Thomas Highs and later Richard Arkwright for the scandal associated with the inventor of the spinning frame in 1767: an important stage in the development of textile manufacturing in the Industrial Revolution....
 who was associated with Richard Arkwright
Richard Arkwright

Sir Richard Arkwright , was an England who is credited for inventing the spinning frame ? later renamed the water frame following the transition to Hydropower....
 in the invention of the spinning frame
Spinning frame

The spinning frame was an invention developed during the 18th century Great Britain Industrial Revolution. It was later developed into the water frame , and was used to increase production of textiles in factory....
.

Some sources claim that John Kay had a connection with Colchester in Essex. Whilst Colchester had a long association with weaving and the wool trade this link seems to rely on an 1848 source (White's History Gazetteer and Directory of the County of Essex) which has been repeated uncritically by later writers. There is an exploration of this in an article by Don Scott in the Essex Journal which finds no independent evidence of the Colchester connection. This article also explores the archives of the Royal Society of Arts and their dealings with John Kay.

Reference

."Essex Journal Spring 2008 pp6-9". This publication is not available online.

External links