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John III, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing

 
John III, Duke of Bavaria Straubing

 
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John III, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing
 
 
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John III the Pitiless, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (lived from 1374-1425) of the House of Wittelsbach was first bishop of Liège 1389-1418 and then duke of Bavaria-Straubing
Bavaria-Straubing

Bavaria-Straubing denotes the widely-scattered territorial inheritance in the Wittelsbach house of Bavaria that were governed by independent dukes of Bavaria-Straubing between 1353 and 1432; a map of these marches and outliers of the Holy Roman Empire, vividly demonstrates the fractionalisation of lands where primogeniture did not obtain....
 and count of Holland
Holland

Holland is a name in common usage given to two regions in the western part of Netherlands. The name 'Holland' is also often mistakenly used to refer to the whole of The Netherlands....
 and Hainaut
County of Hainaut

The County of Hainaut was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of what is now the Belgium province of Hainaut and the southern part of the French d?partement Nord ....
 1418-1425. John was the youngest son of Duke Albert I
Albert I, Duke of Bavaria

Duke Albert I or Albrecht was a feudal ruler of the counties of Holland, County of Hainaut, and Zeeland in the Low Countries. Additionally, he held a portion of the Bavarian province of Straubing, his Bavarian ducal line's appanage and seat....
.
408 a Burgundian army led by his brother-in-law John the Fearless of Burgundy supported John III against the citizens of Liège, who were in open revolt.






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John III the Pitiless, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (lived from 1374-1425) of the House of Wittelsbach was first bishop of Liège 1389-1418 and then duke of Bavaria-Straubing
Bavaria-Straubing

Bavaria-Straubing denotes the widely-scattered territorial inheritance in the Wittelsbach house of Bavaria that were governed by independent dukes of Bavaria-Straubing between 1353 and 1432; a map of these marches and outliers of the Holy Roman Empire, vividly demonstrates the fractionalisation of lands where primogeniture did not obtain....
 and count of Holland
Holland

Holland is a name in common usage given to two regions in the western part of Netherlands. The name 'Holland' is also often mistakenly used to refer to the whole of The Netherlands....
 and Hainaut
County of Hainaut

The County of Hainaut was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of what is now the Belgium province of Hainaut and the southern part of the French d?partement Nord ....
 1418-1425. John was the youngest son of Duke Albert I
Albert I, Duke of Bavaria

Duke Albert I or Albrecht was a feudal ruler of the counties of Holland, County of Hainaut, and Zeeland in the Low Countries. Additionally, he held a portion of the Bavarian province of Straubing, his Bavarian ducal line's appanage and seat....
.

Biography

In 1408 a Burgundian army led by his brother-in-law John the Fearless of Burgundy supported John III against the citizens of Liège, who were in open revolt. On the field of Othée, on Sept. 23, 1408, the men of Liège were decisively defeated, and Burgundian influence was extended over the city and over the bishopric of Liège. The following executions of leading insurgents led to John's nickname "the Pitiless".

John the Pitiless, who already had rejected his holy orders
Holy Orders

Historically, the word "order" designated an established civil body or corporation with a hierarchy, and :wikt:ordinatio meant legal incorporation into an ordo....
 before, gave up his bishopric when his niece Jacqueline
Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut

Jacqueline of Wittelsbach was Duchess of Bavaria-Straubing, Count of Hainaut and Count of Holland from 1417 to 1432.She was the only daughter of William VI, Count of Holland from his marriage with Margaret of Burgundy, daughter of Margaret III of Flanders and Philip the Bold....
 became countess of Holland and Hainaut and duchess of Bavaria-Straubing in 1417. With the aid of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor

Sigismund was Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, and the last Emperor of the House of Luxemburg. He was also one of the longest ruling King of Hungary, reigning for fifty years from 1387 to 1437....
 John III immediately started a civil war against Jacqueline and her husband duke John IV
John IV, Duke of Brabant

John IV, Duke of Brabant was the son of Antoine, Duke of Brabant and Jeanne de St. Pol. He succeeded his father in 1415, after his death at the Battle of Agincourt....
 of Brabant. John the Pitiless was also supported by the city of Dordrecht
Dordrecht

Media:Nl-Dordrecht.ogg , in English Dort and in the local dialect Dordt, is a city and municipality in the Netherlands province of South Holland, the third largest city of the province....
 and by duke Philip the Good of Burgundy. A siege of Dordrecht was no success in 1419, so John IV of Brabant agreed to start a joint administration with John III. Jacqueline herself as a woman, did not get a share in the political responsibility. John IV of Brabant finally gave up Holland and Hainaut and left the rule to John the Pitiless. But then John the Pitiless was poisoned already in 1425.

His niece Jacqueline, who went to England in 1420 and married to Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester

Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester , "son, brother and uncle of kings", was the fourth and youngest son of King Henry IV of England by his first wife, Mary de Bohun....
 could finally not keep Holland and Hainaut for longer also after John's death and Bavaria-Straubing was divided between the dukes of Bavaria, the major portion went to Bavaria-Munich.

John the Pitiless was known for the rich culture of his court; among the artists he engaged was also Jan van Eyck
Jan van Eyck

Jan van Eyck or Johannes de Eyck was an Early Netherlandish painting active in Bruges and considered one of the best Northern European painters of the 15th century....
, from at least 1422-24.

In 1418, John III married Elisabeth, Duchess of Luxembourg
Elisabeth, Duchess of Luxembourg

Elisabeth von G?rlitz of Bohemia, Duchess of Luxembourg was reigning Duchess of Luxembourg from 1411 to 1443....
, who was then the widow of Antoine, Duke of Brabant. No children came from this marriage.

See also

  • Counts of Hainaut family tree
    Counts of Hainaut family tree

    This is a family tree of the Counts of Hainaut, sometimes spelled though not pronounced Hainault from 1055 to 1432, when the County of Hainaut and the County of Holland are incorporated in the estates of the Duchy of Burgundy, following the end of the Hook and Cod wars....