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John, Duke of Berry
 
 
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John of Valois, the Magnificent, (November 30 1340 – March 15 1416) was Duke of Berry
Duke of Berry

The title of Duke of Berry in the France nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The Berry region now consists of the d?partements of Cher, Indre and parts of Vienne....
 and Auvergne
Rulers of Auvergne

This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne....
 and Count of Poitiers
Count of Poitiers

Among the people who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers are:*Guerin of Poitiers *Hatton *Renaud of Poitiers *Bernard I of Poitiers ...
 and Montpensier
Montpensier

The France fief of Montpensier , located in historical Auvergne , became a countship in the 14th century.It changed hands from the House of Thiern, to the House of Beaujeau, to the House of Drieux, to the House of Beaujeau again, and finally to the House of Ventadour, before it was sold in 1384 by Bernard and Robert de Ventadour to John, Du...
. He was the third son of King John II of France
John II of France

John II , called John the Good , was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy from 1332, Count of Poitiers from 1344, Duke of Aquitaine from 1345, and King of France from 1350 until his death, as well as Duke of Burgundy from 1361 to 1363....
 and Bonne of Luxemburg; his brothers were Charles V, King of France
Charles V of France

Charles V , called the Wise, was List of French monarchs from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory ceded to England at the Treaty of Br?tigny....
, Louis I of Anjou, King of Naples
Louis I of Naples

Louis I of Anjou was the second son of King John II of France and Bonne of Bohemia. He was the Count of Anjou , Duke of Anjou , Count of Maine , Duke of Touraine , and titular Kings of Naples and King of Jerusalem and Count of Provence and Forcalquier from 1382 to 1384....
 and Philip the Bold
Philip the Bold

Philip the Bold can refer to:* Philip the Bold, also known as Philip II Duke of Burgundy * Philip III of France ...
, Duke of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Sa?ne which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's West Franks....
. He is mainly remembered today as the most important commissioner of illuminated manuscript
Illuminated manuscript

An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the Writing is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders and Miniature ....
s of his age.

as born at Vincennes
Vincennes

Vincennes is a commune in France of the Val-de-Marne located in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. This ?le-de-France town is located . from the Kilometre Zero....
.

Upon the death of his older brother Charles V in 1382, his son and heir, Charles VI
Charles VI of France

Charles VI , called the Well-loved and the Mad , was the List of French monarchs from 1380 to 1399, as a member of the House of Valois....
 was a minor, so Berry and his brothers, along with the king's maternal uncle the Duke of Bourbon
Louis II, Duke of Bourbon

Louis II of Bourbon, called the Good was the third Duke of Bourbon.Duke Louis is reported to have been mentally somewhat instable, a trait of nervous breakdowns presumably hereditary that showed clearly for example in his sister Joanna of Bourbon, the queen, and already in their father, Duke Peter, and in their grandfather, Louis I,...
 acted as regents.






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John of Valois, the Magnificent, (November 30 1340 – March 15 1416) was Duke of Berry
Duke of Berry

The title of Duke of Berry in the France nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The Berry region now consists of the d?partements of Cher, Indre and parts of Vienne....
 and Auvergne
Rulers of Auvergne

This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne....
 and Count of Poitiers
Count of Poitiers

Among the people who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers are:*Guerin of Poitiers *Hatton *Renaud of Poitiers *Bernard I of Poitiers ...
 and Montpensier
Montpensier

The France fief of Montpensier , located in historical Auvergne , became a countship in the 14th century.It changed hands from the House of Thiern, to the House of Beaujeau, to the House of Drieux, to the House of Beaujeau again, and finally to the House of Ventadour, before it was sold in 1384 by Bernard and Robert de Ventadour to John, Du...
. He was the third son of King John II of France
John II of France

John II , called John the Good , was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy from 1332, Count of Poitiers from 1344, Duke of Aquitaine from 1345, and King of France from 1350 until his death, as well as Duke of Burgundy from 1361 to 1363....
 and Bonne of Luxemburg; his brothers were Charles V, King of France
Charles V of France

Charles V , called the Wise, was List of French monarchs from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory ceded to England at the Treaty of Br?tigny....
, Louis I of Anjou, King of Naples
Louis I of Naples

Louis I of Anjou was the second son of King John II of France and Bonne of Bohemia. He was the Count of Anjou , Duke of Anjou , Count of Maine , Duke of Touraine , and titular Kings of Naples and King of Jerusalem and Count of Provence and Forcalquier from 1382 to 1384....
 and Philip the Bold
Philip the Bold

Philip the Bold can refer to:* Philip the Bold, also known as Philip II Duke of Burgundy * Philip III of France ...
, Duke of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Sa?ne which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's West Franks....
. He is mainly remembered today as the most important commissioner of illuminated manuscript
Illuminated manuscript

An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the Writing is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders and Miniature ....
s of his age.

Biography

Duke of Berry Coa 1360
He was born at Vincennes
Vincennes

Vincennes is a commune in France of the Val-de-Marne located in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. This ?le-de-France town is located . from the Kilometre Zero....
.

Upon the death of his older brother Charles V in 1382, his son and heir, Charles VI
Charles VI of France

Charles VI , called the Well-loved and the Mad , was the List of French monarchs from 1380 to 1399, as a member of the House of Valois....
 was a minor, so Berry and his brothers, along with the king's maternal uncle the Duke of Bourbon
Louis II, Duke of Bourbon

Louis II of Bourbon, called the Good was the third Duke of Bourbon.Duke Louis is reported to have been mentally somewhat instable, a trait of nervous breakdowns presumably hereditary that showed clearly for example in his sister Joanna of Bourbon, the queen, and already in their father, Duke Peter, and in their grandfather, Louis I,...
 acted as regents. Following the death of Louis of Anjou in 1384, Berry and his brother Burgundy were the dominant figures in the kingdom. The king ended the regency and took power into his own hands in 1388, giving the governance of the kingdom largely to his father's former ministers, who were political enemies of the king's powerful uncles. Berry and Burgundy bided their time, and were soon able to retake power, in 1392, when the King had his first attack of insanity, an affliction which would remain with him throughout his life. The two royal dukes continued to rule until 1402, when the king, in one of his moments of lucidity, took power from them and gave it to his brother Louis, Duke of Orleans
Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans

Louis I of Valois was Duke of Orl?ans from 1392 to his death. He was also Count of Valois, Duke of Touraine , Count of Blois , Counts and dukes of Angouleme , P?rigord, Dreux and Soissons....
.

Simon of Cramaud
Simon of Cramaud

Simon de Cramaud was a Catholic bishop, titular Latin Patriarch of Alexandria, and cardinal during the Great Western Schism of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries....
, a canonist and prelate, served the Duke in his efforts to find a way to end the Great Western schism that was not unfavorable to French interests.

In his later years, John became more of a consensual figure in France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
. After the death of Philip the Bold in 1404, he was the last survivor of the sons of King John, and generally tried to play the role of a peacemaker between the factions of his nephews Orleans
Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans

Louis I of Valois was Duke of Orl?ans from 1392 to his death. He was also Count of Valois, Duke of Touraine , Count of Blois , Counts and dukes of Angouleme , P?rigord, Dreux and Soissons....
 and John the Fearless. After the murder of Orleans at the orders of the Duke of Burgundy, Berry generally took the Orleanist or Armagnac
Armagnac

Armagnac can refer to:*The region of France: Armagnac *The brandy: Armagnac *The aircraft: Sud-Est Armagnac*The historical party during the 100 Years' War: Armagnac ...
 side in the civil war that erupted, but was always a moderate figure, attempting to reconcile the two sides and promote internal peace. It was largely due to his urging that Charles VI and his sons were not present at the Battle of Agincourt
Battle of Agincourt

The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory against a much larger French army in the Hundred Years' War. The battle occurred on Friday 25 October 1415 ...
 in 1415. Remembering his father's fate as a captive after the Battle of Poitiers
Battle of Poitiers

Battle of Poitiers may refer to one of the following battles:* Battle of Tours , also known as Battle of Poitiers between Frankish and Islamic armies...
 59 years before, Berry feared the fate of France should the king and his heirs be taken captive, and successfully prevented their participation. He died a few months after the battle, which proved as disastrous as he had feared.

Family and Children

John of Berry had the following issue by his first wife, Joanna of Armagnac (1346–1387):
  • Charles of Berry, Count of Montpensier (1362–1382)
  • John de Valois, Count of Montpensier
    John de Valois, Count of Montpensier

    John II of Berry , count of Montpensier , was a French nobleman. He was the son of John, Duke of Berry and of Jeanne d'Armagnac. He had no children and predeceased his father....
    , (1363–1402), married Princess Catherine of France, daughter of Charles V, King of France
    Charles V of France

    Charles V , called the Wise, was List of French monarchs from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory ceded to England at the Treaty of Br?tigny....
  • Louis of Berry (1364–1383)
  • Bonne of Berry
    Bonne of Berry

    Bonne of Berry was the daughter of John, Duke of Berry. She married Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and acted as regent for their son Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy after his death in 1391....
     (1365–1435), married Amadeus VII of Savoy and Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac
    Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac

    Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac was the Count of Charolais, Count of Armagnac, and Constable of France. He was the son of John II of Armagnac and Jeanne de P?rigord....
  • Marie of Berry
    Marie, Duchess of Auvergne

    Marie of Berry was the daughter of John, duke of Berry. First she married Louis III de Ch?tillon.There were no children from this marriage. After his death in 1391 she married Philip of Artois, Count of Eu on January 27, 1393....
    , Duchess of Auvergne
    Rulers of Auvergne

    This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne....
     (1367–1434), married: 1) Louis III of Châtillon, 2) Philip of Artois, Count of Eu
    Philip of Artois, Count of Eu

    Philip of Artois , son of John of Artois, Count of Eu and Isabeau of Melun, was Count of Eu from 1387 until his death, succeeding his brother Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu....
    ; 3) John I, Duke of Bourbon
    John I, Duke of Bourbon

    John I of Bourbon was Duke of Bourbon, from 1410 to his death and Duke of Auvergne since 1416. He was the eldest son of Louis II, Duke of Bourbon and Anna d'Auvergne....


He married secondly Jeanne d'Auvergne.

Art Patron

John of Berry was also a notable patron who commissioned among other works the most famous Book of Hours
Book of Hours

File:Boucicaut-Meister.jpgFile:Meester van Catharina van Kleef - Getijdenboek van de Meester van Catharina van Kleef4.jpgThe book of hours is the most common type of surviving medieval illuminated manuscript....
, the Très Riches Heures. His spending on his art collection severely taxed his estates, and he was deeply in debt when he died in 1416 at Paris.

The web site of the Louvre
Louvre

The Louvre Museum , located in Paris, is a historic monument, and a national museum of France. It is a central landmark, located on the Rive Droite of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement of Paris ....
 says of him:

See also

  • Jacquemart de Hesdin
    Jacquemart de Hesdin

    Jacquemart de Hesdin was a French people Miniature painting working in the International Gothic style. In English, he is also called Jacquemart of Hesdin....


Footnotes


| width="30%" align="center" rowspan="6" | Preceded by:
— | width="40%" align="center" | Count of Poitiers
Count of Poitiers

Among the people who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers are:*Guerin of Poitiers *Hatton *Renaud of Poitiers *Bernard I of Poitiers ...

1357–1416 | width="30%" align="center" rowspan="5" | Succeeded by:
to royal domain
Crown lands of France

The crown lands, crown estate, royal domain or domaine royal of France refers to the lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the List of French monarchs....
 |- | width="40%" align="center" | Count of Mâcon
c. 1360–1372 |- | width="40%" align="center" | Count of Angoulême and Saintonge
bef. 1372–1374 |- | width="40%" align="center" | Duke of Berry
Duke of Berry

The title of Duke of Berry in the France nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The Berry region now consists of the d?partements of Cher, Indre and parts of Vienne....

1360–1416 |- | width="40%" align="center" | Count of Étampes
1399–1416 |- | width="40%" align="center" | Duke of Auvergne
Rulers of Auvergne

This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne....

1360–1416 | width="30%" align="center" | Succeeded by:
Marie
Marie, Duchess of Auvergne

Marie of Berry was the daughter of John, duke of Berry. First she married Louis III de Ch?tillon.There were no children from this marriage. After his death in 1391 she married Philip of Artois, Count of Eu on January 27, 1393....