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JoaquÃn Rodrigo
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Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre (22 November 1901 – 6 July 1999) was a composer of classical music and a virtuoso pianist. Despite being blind from an early age, he achieved great success. Rodrigo's music counts among some of the most popular of the 20th century, particularly his Concierto de Aranjuez, considered one of the pinnacles of the Spanish music and guitar concerto repertoire.
as born in Sagunto, Valencia, and lost his sight almost completely at the age of three after contracting diphtheria.
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Encyclopedia
Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre (22 November 1901 – 6 July 1999) was a composer of classical music and a virtuoso pianist. Despite being blind from an early age, he achieved great success. Rodrigo's music counts among some of the most popular of the 20th century, particularly his Concierto de Aranjuez, considered one of the pinnacles of the Spanish music and guitar concerto repertoire.
Life
He was born in Sagunto, Valencia, and lost his sight almost completely at the age of three after contracting diphtheria. He began to study solfège, piano and violin at the age of eight; harmony and composition from the age of sixteen. Although distinguished by having raised the Spanish guitar to dignity as a universal concert instrument and best known for his guitar music, he never mastered the instrument himself. He wrote his compositions in braille, which was transcribed for publication.
Rodrigo studied music under Francisco Antich in Valencia and under Paul Dukas at the École Normale de Musique in Paris. After briefly returning to Spain, he went to Paris again to study musicology, first under Maurice Emmanuel and then under André Pirro. His first published compositions date from 1940. In 1943 he received Spain's National Prize for Orchestra for Cinco piezas infantiles ("Five Children's Pieces"), based on his earlier composition of the same piece for two pianos, premiered by Ricardo Vines. From 1947 Rodrigo was a professor of music history, holding the Manuel de Falla Chair of Music in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, at Complutense University of Madrid.
His most famous work, Concierto de Aranjuez, was composed in 1939 in Paris. It is a concerto for guitar and orchestra. The central adagio movement is one of the most recognizable in 20th century classical music, featuring the interplay of guitar with English horn. This movement was later adapted by jazz trumpeter Miles Davis for his 1960 album Sketches of Spain.
The success of this concerto led to commissions from a number of prominent soloists, including the flautist James Galway and the cellist Julian Lloyd Webber for whom Rodrigo composed his . In 1954 Rodrigo composed Fantasía para un gentilhombre at the request of Andrés Segovia. His Concierto Andaluz, for four guitars and orchestra, was commissioned by Celedonio Romero for himself and his three sons.
None of Rodrigo's works, however, achieved the popular and critical success that the Concierto de Aranjuez and the Fantasia para un gentilhombre did. These two works are very often paired in recordings.
In 1991, Rodrigo was raised to the nobility by King Juan Carlos; he was given the title Marqués de los Jardines de Aranjuez He received the prestigious Prince of Asturias Award—Spain's highest civilian honor—in 1996. He was named Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 1998.
He married Victoria Kamhi, a Turkish-born pianist whom he had met in Paris, on 19 January 1933, in Valencia. Their daughter, Cecilia, was born 27 January 1941. Rodrigo died in 1999 in Madrid at the age of 97. Joaquín Rodrigo and his wife Victoria are buried at the cemetery at Aranjuez.
Works
Orchestral
- Symphonic Wind Ensemble
- Adagio Para Orquesta de Instrumentos de Viento - First public performance in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1966
- Orchestra
- Soleriana- First performance by the Berlin Philharmonic, on August 22nd, 1953 in Berlin.
Concertante
- Cello
- Concierto en modo galante (1949)
- Concierto como un divertimento (1978–1981)
- Violin
- Concierto de estío (1944)
Instrumental
- Guitar
- Invocación y danza (1961) — First prize, Coupe International de Guitare, awarded by Office de Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française (ORTF)
- Three Spanish Pieces - Tres Piezas Espanolas (Fandango,Passacaglia,Zapateado)
- Elogio de la guitarra (1971)
- Two Preludes
- En Los Trigales
Sonata Giocosa
Vocal/Choral
- Per la flor del Lliri Blau (1934); First prize, Círculo de Bellas Artes
- Ausencias de Dulcinea (1948); First prize, Cervantes Competition
- Tres viejos aires de danza (1994)
- Villancicos y canciones de navidad (1952); Ateneo de Madrid Prize;
- Cuatro canciones sephardies (1965);
Guitar and Voice
- Coplas del Pastor Enamorado (1935)
- Tres Canciones Espanola (1951)
- Tres Villancicos (1952)
- Romance de Durante (1955)
- Folías Canarias (1958)
- Aranjuez, ma pensée (1988)
External links
Articles
- (Pablo Zinger, August 1999, NY Times)
Recordings
- (EMI Classics, EAN 0724355643827)
Videos
- (Diagonal TV!)
- Rodrigo: Pasos y huellas en la oscuridad
- -
- DVD containing: documentary,
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