Joan II of Navarre
Encyclopedia
Joan II was Queen of Navarre
from 1328 until her death. She was the only daughter of Margaret of Burgundy, first wife of King Louis X of France
(Louis I of Navarre). Because Margaret was believed to have been involved in an extramarital affair
, Joan's paternity is in doubt.
(also 1316), both of whom had been kings of France and Navarre, she was excluded from the succession in favor of Louis' brother Philip V of France
(Philip II of Navarre), the second surviving son of Philip IV of France
. Philip V prevailed for a number of reasons, including her youth, doubts regarding her paternity, and the Estates-General's determination that women should not be allowed to rule France. The last reason, however, was not applicable to Navarre because there was already precedent there for succession by a female. The only reason that she was not officially declared a bastard was that Philip needed the political support of her mother's brother Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy, who did not want to perpetuate the scandal of his sister's behavior. After Philip V's brother and successor Charles IV of France
(Charles I of Navarre) died in 1328, there was no male heir to either crown in the direct line from Philip IV
. Instead, a more distant Philip, a descendant of Philip IV's younger brother Charles of Valois, successfully claimed the throne as Philip VI of France
in preference to Joan and a number of other females closer to the line of succession. Philip was not descended from Joan I of Navarre
, and hence had no claim to the crown of Navarre.
and Champagne
(which were merged in the French royal domain
). In compensation, she received the counties of Angoulême
and Mortain
as well as a portion of Cotentin (Longueville
). Later on she exchanged Angoulême for three estates in Vexin
:- Pontoise
, Beaumont-sur-Oise
, and Asnière-sur-Oise.
She reigned as Queen of Navarre until her death in 1349, together with her husband, Philip III of Navarre
as de jure uxoris
king, 1329–1343. Philip was also Count of Évreux
, the heir of Count Louis of Évreux (youngest son of Philip III of France
), and thus of Capetian
male blood. Because of his patrimonial lands, together with Joan's gains in Normandy and her rights in Champagne, the couple had extensive possessions in Northern France.
Altogether, Joan and Philip had eight children. She was succeeded by their son Charles II of Navarre
. Their daughter Blanche d'Évreux
became the second wife of Philip VI of France
.
Although Joan never ascended the French throne, her descendants and heirs, the kings of Navarre, were to eventually reach the throne of France when Henry IV of France
inherited the crown two centuries later, in 1589. From then onwards, all kings of France were Joan's heirs general. The kings of France had already been descended from her since the ascension of Henry II
; these were not, however, senior descendants of Joan.
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Kingdom of Navarre
The Kingdom of Navarre , originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either side of the Pyrenees alongside the Atlantic Ocean....
from 1328 until her death. She was the only daughter of Margaret of Burgundy, first wife of King Louis X of France
Louis X of France
Louis X of France, , called the Quarreler, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn was the King of Navarre from 1305 and King of France from 1314 until his death...
(Louis I of Navarre). Because Margaret was believed to have been involved in an extramarital affair
Tour de Nesle Affair
The Tour de Nesle Affair was a scandal amongst the French royal family in 1314, during which the three daughters-in-law of King Philip IV of France were accused of adultery, the accusations apparently started by Philip's only daughter, Isabella. The Tour de Nesle was the name of the tower in Paris...
, Joan's paternity is in doubt.
Inheritance
On the deaths of Louis X (1316) and his son, John IJohn I of France
John I , called the Posthumous, was King of France and Navarre, and Count of Champagne, as the son and successor of Louis the Headstrong, for the five days he lived...
(also 1316), both of whom had been kings of France and Navarre, she was excluded from the succession in favor of Louis' brother Philip V of France
Philip V of France
Philip the Tall was King of France as Philip V and, as Philip II, King of Navarre and Count of Champagne. He reigned from 1316 to his death and was the penultimate monarch of the House of Capet. Considered a wise and politically astute ruler, Philip took the throne under questionable...
(Philip II of Navarre), the second surviving son of Philip IV of France
Philip IV of France
Philip the Fair was, as Philip IV, King of France from 1285 until his death. He was the husband of Joan I of Navarre, by virtue of which he was, as Philip I, King of Navarre and Count of Champagne from 1284 to 1305.-Youth:A member of the House of Capet, Philip was born at the Palace of...
. Philip V prevailed for a number of reasons, including her youth, doubts regarding her paternity, and the Estates-General's determination that women should not be allowed to rule France. The last reason, however, was not applicable to Navarre because there was already precedent there for succession by a female. The only reason that she was not officially declared a bastard was that Philip needed the political support of her mother's brother Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy, who did not want to perpetuate the scandal of his sister's behavior. After Philip V's brother and successor Charles IV of France
Charles IV of France
Charles IV, known as the Fair , was the King of France and of Navarre and Count of Champagne from 1322 to his death: he was the last French king of the senior Capetian lineage....
(Charles I of Navarre) died in 1328, there was no male heir to either crown in the direct line from Philip IV
Philip IV of France
Philip the Fair was, as Philip IV, King of France from 1285 until his death. He was the husband of Joan I of Navarre, by virtue of which he was, as Philip I, King of Navarre and Count of Champagne from 1284 to 1305.-Youth:A member of the House of Capet, Philip was born at the Palace of...
. Instead, a more distant Philip, a descendant of Philip IV's younger brother Charles of Valois, successfully claimed the throne as Philip VI of France
Philip VI of France
Philip VI , known as the Fortunate and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328...
in preference to Joan and a number of other females closer to the line of succession. Philip was not descended from Joan I of Navarre
Joan I of Navarre
Joan I , the daughter of king Henry I of Navarre and Blanche of Artois, reigned as queen regnant of Navarre and also served as queen consort of France.-Life:...
, and hence had no claim to the crown of Navarre.
Queen of Navarre
Joan became Queen of Navarre through a treaty with Philip VI, who was not a descendant of the later kings of Navarre, and who could not invoke a rule against female succession in Navarre. In the treaty, she had to renounce her claims not only to the crown of France but also to her grandmother's estates in BrieBrie
Brie is a historic region of France most famous for its dairy products, especially Brie cheese. It was once divided into two sections ruled by different feudal lords: the western Brie française, corresponding roughly to the modern department of Seine-et-Marne in the Île-de-France region; the...
and Champagne
Champagne (province)
The Champagne wine region is a historic province within the Champagne administrative province in the northeast of France. The area is best known for the production of the sparkling white wine that bears the region's name...
(which were merged in the French royal domain
Crown lands of France
The crown lands, crown estate, royal domain or domaine royal of France refers to the lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the kings of France...
). In compensation, she received the counties of Angoulême
Angoulême
-Main sights:In place of its ancient fortifications, Angoulême is encircled by boulevards above the old city walls, known as the Remparts, from which fine views may be obtained in all directions. Within the town the streets are often narrow. Apart from the cathedral and the hôtel de ville, the...
and Mortain
Mortain
Mortain is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-Geography:Mortain is situated on a rocky hill rising above the gorge of the Cance, a tributary of the Sélune.-Administration:Mortain is the seat of a canton...
as well as a portion of Cotentin (Longueville
Longueville
Longueville may refer to:Places:*Longueville, New South Wales, suburb of Sydney, AustraliaCommunes in France:*Longueville, Calvados, in the Calvados département*Longueville, Lot-et-Garonne, in the Lot-et-Garonne département...
). Later on she exchanged Angoulême for three estates in Vexin
Vexin
The Vexin is a historical county of northwestern France. It covers a verdant plateau on the right bank of the Seine comprising an area east-to-west between Pontoise and Romilly-sur-Andelle , and north-to-south between Auneuil and the Seine near Vernon...
:- Pontoise
Pontoise
Pontoise is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris, in the "new town" of Cergy-Pontoise.-Administration:...
, Beaumont-sur-Oise
Beaumont-sur-Oise
Beaumont-sur-Oise is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France.-References:** -External links:* * *...
, and Asnière-sur-Oise.
She reigned as Queen of Navarre until her death in 1349, together with her husband, Philip III of Navarre
Philip III of Navarre
Philip III , called the Noble or the Wise, Count of Évreux and King of Navarre , was the second son of Louis of Évreux and Margaret of Artois and therefore a grandson of King Philip III of France...
as de jure uxoris
Jure uxoris
Jure uxoris is a Latin term that means "by right of his wife" or "in right of a wife". It is commonly used to refer to a title held by a man whose wife holds it in her own right. In other words, he acquired the title simply by being her husband....
king, 1329–1343. Philip was also Count of Évreux
Évreux
Évreux is a commune in the Eure department, of which it is the capital, in Haute Normandie in northern France.-History:In late Antiquity, the town, attested in the fourth century CE, was named Mediolanum Aulercorum, "the central town of the Aulerci", the Gallic tribe then inhabiting the area...
, the heir of Count Louis of Évreux (youngest son of Philip III of France
Philip III of France
Philip III , called the Bold , was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.-Biography:...
), and thus of Capetian
Capetian dynasty
The Capetian dynasty , also known as the House of France, is the largest and oldest European royal house, consisting of the descendants of King Hugh Capet of France in the male line. Hugh Capet himself was a cognatic descendant of the Carolingians and the Merovingians, earlier rulers of France...
male blood. Because of his patrimonial lands, together with Joan's gains in Normandy and her rights in Champagne, the couple had extensive possessions in Northern France.
Altogether, Joan and Philip had eight children. She was succeeded by their son Charles II of Navarre
Charles II of Navarre
Charles II , called "Charles the Bad", was King of Navarre 1349-1387 and Count of Évreux 1343-1387....
. Their daughter Blanche d'Évreux
Blanche d'Evreux
Blanche of Navarre was Queen consort of France as the wife of King Philip VI of France.She was the second child and daughter of Queen Joan II of Navarre and King Philip III of Navarre...
became the second wife of Philip VI of France
Philip VI of France
Philip VI , known as the Fortunate and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328...
.
Although Joan never ascended the French throne, her descendants and heirs, the kings of Navarre, were to eventually reach the throne of France when Henry IV of France
Henry IV of France
Henry IV , Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France....
inherited the crown two centuries later, in 1589. From then onwards, all kings of France were Joan's heirs general. The kings of France had already been descended from her since the ascension of Henry II
Henry II of France
Henry II was King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559.-Early years:Henry was born in the royal Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, the son of Francis I and Claude, Duchess of Brittany .His father was captured at the Battle of Pavia in 1525 by his sworn enemy,...
; these were not, however, senior descendants of Joan.
Issue
- Maria of NavarreMaria of NavarreMaria of Navarre was the eldest child of Philip III of Navarre and Joan II of Navarre. She was Queen consort of Aragon by her marriage to Peter IV of Aragon, she was also the first of four wives. Maria of Navarre is also known as Marie d'Évreux .-Family:Maria was an elder sister of Charles II of...
(c. 1329–1347), first wife of King Peter IV of AragonPeter IV of AragonPeter IV, , called el Cerimoniós or el del punyalet , was the King of Aragon, King of Sardinia and Corsica , King of Valencia , and Count of Barcelona Peter IV, (Balaguer, September 5, 1319 – Barcelona, January 6, 1387), called el Cerimoniós ("the Ceremonious") or el del punyalet ("the one...
(1319–1387). - Blanche of Navarre (1331–1398), second wife of King Philip VI of FrancePhilip VI of FrancePhilip VI , known as the Fortunate and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328...
(1293–1350). - Charles II of NavarreCharles II of NavarreCharles II , called "Charles the Bad", was King of Navarre 1349-1387 and Count of Évreux 1343-1387....
(1332–1387), King of Navarre, known as Charles the Bad. - Agnes of Navarre (1334–1396), married Gaston III, Count of FoixGaston III of Foix-BéarnGaston III/X of Foix-Béarn, also Gaston Fébus or Gaston Phoebus was the 11th count of Foix, and viscount of Béarn . Officially, he was Gaston III of Foix and Gaston X of Béarn.-Early life:...
(1331–1391). - Philip, Count of LonguevillePhilip, Count of LonguevillePhilip of Navarre, Count of Longueville was a younger brother and supporter of Charles II of Navarre, a claimant to the French throne. The son of Philip III of Navarre and Joan II of Navarre, he married Yolande of Flanders in 1353. She was the daughter of Robert of Flanders and Jeanne of...
(1336–1363), married Yolande de Dampierre (1331–1395. - Joan of Navarre (1339–1403), married John I, Viscount of Rohan (d. 1395).
- LouisLouis, Duke of DurazzoLouis of Évreux was the youngest son of Philip III of Navarre and Joan II of Navarre. He inherited the county of Beaumont-le-Roger from his father and became Duke of Durazzo in right of his second wife, Joanna, in 1366.Louis's first marriage was to Maria de Lizarazu in 1358...
, Count of Beaumont-le-RogerBeaumont-le-RogerBeaumont-le-Roger is a commune in the department of Eure in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:The commune is located in the valley of the Risle on the edge of the forest with which it shares its name. It is crossed by the Paris-Cherbourg railway line...
(1341–1372), married 1358 Maria de Lizarazu, married 1366 Joanna of Durazzo (1344–1387)
Ancestry
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