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Jinhan confederacy
 
 
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Jinhan was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BC to the 4th century CE in the southern Korean peninsula
Korean Peninsula

The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about 684 miles from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan on the east, the East China Sea to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water....
, to the east of the Nakdong River
Nakdong River

The Nakdong River is the longest river in South Korea, and passes through major cities such as Daegu and Busan....
 valley, Gyeongsang
Gyeongsang

Gyeongsang was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. Gyeongsang was located in the southeast of Korea. The provincial capital was Daegu....
 Province. Jinhan was one of the Samhan
Samhan

Samhan refers to the ancient confederacies of Mahan confederacy, Jinhan confederacy, and Byeonhan confederacy in central and southern Korean peninsula, which were eventually absorbed into two of the Three Kingdoms of Korea....
 (or "Three Hans"), along with Byeonhan
Byeonhan confederacy

Byeonhan, also known as Byeonjin, was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the beginning of the Common Era to the 4th century in the southern Korean peninsula....
 and Mahan
Mahan confederacy

Mahan was a loose confederacy of statelets that existed from around the 100BCE-300CE in the southern Korean peninsula in the Chungcheong Province....
. Apparently descending from the Jin
Jin (Korean history)

Jin state was an early Iron Age state which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, bordering the Korean kingdom Gojoseon to the north....
 state of southern Korea, Jinhan was absorbed by the later Silla
Silla

Silla was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, and the longest sustaining dynasty in Asian history. Although it was founded by King Bak Hyeokgeose of Silla, who is also known to be the originator of the Korean family name Park , the dynasty was to see the Kyungju Kim clan hold rule for most of its 992-year history....
, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea
Three Kingdoms of Korea

The Three Kingdoms of Korea refer to the ancient Korean empire of Goguryeo, and kingdom of Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula and parts of Manchuria for much of the 1st millennium CE....
.

Culture Its relation to the earlier state of Jin
Jin (Korean history)

Jin state was an early Iron Age state which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, bordering the Korean kingdom Gojoseon to the north....
 is not clear, although the contemporary Chinese chronicle San Guo Zhi alleges that Jinhan was identical with Jin (while another record describes Jin as the predecessor of the Samhan as a whole).






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Jinhan was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BC to the 4th century CE in the southern Korean peninsula
Korean Peninsula

The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about 684 miles from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan on the east, the East China Sea to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water....
, to the east of the Nakdong River
Nakdong River

The Nakdong River is the longest river in South Korea, and passes through major cities such as Daegu and Busan....
 valley, Gyeongsang
Gyeongsang

Gyeongsang was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. Gyeongsang was located in the southeast of Korea. The provincial capital was Daegu....
 Province. Jinhan was one of the Samhan
Samhan

Samhan refers to the ancient confederacies of Mahan confederacy, Jinhan confederacy, and Byeonhan confederacy in central and southern Korean peninsula, which were eventually absorbed into two of the Three Kingdoms of Korea....
 (or "Three Hans"), along with Byeonhan
Byeonhan confederacy

Byeonhan, also known as Byeonjin, was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the beginning of the Common Era to the 4th century in the southern Korean peninsula....
 and Mahan
Mahan confederacy

Mahan was a loose confederacy of statelets that existed from around the 100BCE-300CE in the southern Korean peninsula in the Chungcheong Province....
. Apparently descending from the Jin
Jin (Korean history)

Jin state was an early Iron Age state which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, bordering the Korean kingdom Gojoseon to the north....
 state of southern Korea, Jinhan was absorbed by the later Silla
Silla

Silla was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, and the longest sustaining dynasty in Asian history. Although it was founded by King Bak Hyeokgeose of Silla, who is also known to be the originator of the Korean family name Park , the dynasty was to see the Kyungju Kim clan hold rule for most of its 992-year history....
, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea
Three Kingdoms of Korea

The Three Kingdoms of Korea refer to the ancient Korean empire of Goguryeo, and kingdom of Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula and parts of Manchuria for much of the 1st millennium CE....
.

History


Jinhan, like the other Samhan confederacies, arose out of the confusion and migration following the fall of Gojoseon
Gojoseon

Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom, considered the first proper nation of the Korean people. According to the Samguk Yusa and other Korean medieval-era records, Gojoseon is said to have been founded in 2333 BC by the legendary Dangun, who is said to be the grandson of Heaven ....
 and establishment of the Chinese commanderies
Commandery

The commandery was a History of the political divisions of China of China. During the Zhou Dynasty , it was one level below a district . Qin Shi Huang , who unified the Warring States into Qin Dynasty, inverted the hierarchy and made commanderies higher than districts....
 in the northern part of the Korean peninsula
Korean Peninsula

The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about 684 miles from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan on the east, the East China Sea to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water....
 in 108 BCE.

Culture

Its relation to the earlier state of Jin
Jin (Korean history)

Jin state was an early Iron Age state which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, bordering the Korean kingdom Gojoseon to the north....
 is not clear, although the contemporary Chinese chronicle San Guo Zhi alleges that Jinhan was identical with Jin (while another record describes Jin as the predecessor of the Samhan as a whole). Jinhan and Byeonhan shared essentially the same culture, with varying religious customs, and apparently were not separated by a clear boundary. The people said they were descendants of Qin dynasty
Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty was preceded by the feudal Zhou Dynasty and followed by the Han Dynasty in China. The unification of China in 221 BCE under the Qin Shi Huang marked the beginning of Imperial China, a period which lasted until the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912 CE....
 Lelang Commandery
Lelang Commandery

Lelang was one of the China commanderies which was kept in the Korean Peninsula over 400 years until Goguryeo conquered it in 313 A.D....
 migrants fleeing Qin's force labor policies moved to the Mahan confederacy
Mahan confederacy

Mahan was a loose confederacy of statelets that existed from around the 100BCE-300CE in the southern Korean peninsula in the Chungcheong Province....
 which give them the east land. The confederacy was also called Qinhan(??). As immigrants, the kings have to be Mahan people. Some of the language used were similar to Qin.

Statelets

According to the San Guo Zhi , Jinhan consisted of 12 statelets of 600 to 5000 families each divided from 6 statelets:

  • Saro (???, ???), in Gyeongju
    Gyeongju

    Gyeongju is an city and one of the most popular Tourism in South Korea destinations in South Korea. It lies in the far southeastern corner of North Gyeongsang Province, on the coast of the Sea of Japan....
    , most powerful, also called Seorabeol, a king in 403 renamed it Silla
  • Gijeo (???, ???)
  • Bulsa (???, ???)
  • Geun-gi (???, ???)
  • Nanmirimidong (??????, ??????)
  • Yeomhae (???, ???)
  • Gunmi (???, ???)
  • Yeodam (???, ???)
  • Horo (???, ???)
  • Juseon (???, ???)
  • Mayeon (???, ???)
  • U-yu (???, ???)


According to Samguk Sagi
Samguk Sagi

Samguk Sagi is a historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea: Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. The Samguk Sagi is written in Classical Chinese and its compilation was ordered by Goryeo King Injong and undertaken by the government official and historian Kim Busik and a team of junior scholars....
, the Silla
Silla

Silla was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, and the longest sustaining dynasty in Asian history. Although it was founded by King Bak Hyeokgeose of Silla, who is also known to be the originator of the Korean family name Park , the dynasty was to see the Kyungju Kim clan hold rule for most of its 992-year history....
 Kingdom (around present-day Gyeongju
Gyeongju

Gyeongju is an city and one of the most popular Tourism in South Korea destinations in South Korea. It lies in the far southeastern corner of North Gyeongsang Province, on the coast of the Sea of Japan....
), was founded by Bak Hyeokgeose
Bak Hyeokgeose of Silla

Hyeokgeose of Silla , commonly called Bak Hyeokgeose, was the founding monarch of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He is the progenitor of all Park clans in Korea....
 in 57 BC, who united the six clans of Jinhan under his rule. The records are sparse and conflicting regarding the relationship of the names Jinhan, Saro, Seorabeol, and the later Silla kingdom.

We know little of the daily life of Jinhan people. The religion appears to have been shamanistic
Shamanism

Shamanism is a range of traditional beliefs and practices concerned with communication with the spirit world. A practitioner of shamanism is known as a shaman, , noun ....
, and to have played an important role in politics
Politics

Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions. The term is generally applied to behaviour within civil governments, but politics has been observed in all human group interactions, including corporation, academia, and religion institutions....
 as well. Agriculture
Agriculture

Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the animal husbandry of domestication animals and plants creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more Population density and Social stratification societies....
 was heavily dominated by rice
Rice

Rice is a staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in tropical Latin America, and East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia, making it the second-most consumed cereal grain, after maize....
, but also included substantial rearing of livestock
Livestock

Livestock is the term used to refer to a domesticated animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to produce things such as food or fibre, or for its labour....
 including horse
Horse

The horse is a hoofed mammal, a subspecies of one of seven extant species of the family Equidae. The horse has evolution of the horse over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, odd-toed ungulate animal of today....
s, cattle
Cattle

Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domestication ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. They are raised as livestock for meat , dairy products , leather and as draft animals ....
, and chicken
Chicken

The chicken is a Domestication fowl. Recent evidence suggests that domestication of the chicken was under way in Vietnam over 10,000 years ago....
s.

Location

Most theories indicate that Jinhan was located in the area later occupied by the Silla kingdom: the Gyeongju Basin
Gyeongju Basin

The Gyeongju Basin is a landform in Gyeongju city, North Gyeongsang province, South Korea. It forms part of the drainage basin of the Hyeongsan River, which flows north through the basin where it is joined by the Bukcheon, Namcheon, Daecheon, and Sogyeon-cheon streams....
 and adjacent Sea of Japan
Sea of Japan

The Sea of Japan is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, bordered by Japan, South Korea, North Korea and Russia. It is referred to in North Korea as the Korea East Sea and in South Korea as the East Sea....
 (East Sea) coast. It would have been neighbored by the Byeonhan confederacy
Byeonhan confederacy

Byeonhan, also known as Byeonjin, was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the beginning of the Common Era to the 4th century in the southern Korean peninsula....
 on the southwest, and by the much larger Mahan confederacy
Mahan confederacy

Mahan was a loose confederacy of statelets that existed from around the 100BCE-300CE in the southern Korean peninsula in the Chungcheong Province....
 on the west. On the north it would have been bounded by the Chinese commanderies and the small coastal state of Dongye
Dongye

Dongye was a state which occupied portions of the northeastern Korean peninsula from roughly 150 BCE to around 400 CE. It bordered Goguryeo and Okjeo to the north, Jinhan confederacy to the south, and China's Lelang Commandery to the west....
. However, some scholars place Jinhan in the Han River
Han River (Korea)

The Han River is a major river in South Korea and is formed by the confluence of the Namhan River , which originates in Mount Daedeok, and the Bukhan River , which originates on the slopes of Kumgang-san in North Korea....
 valley, bounded by Mahan on the north and Byeonhan on the south.

See also


  • List of Korea-related topics
    List of Korea-related topics

    This is a list of articles on Korea-related people, places, things, and concepts. For help on how to use this list, see the #Introduction below....
  • History of Korea
    History of Korea

    The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present. The earliest known Korean pottery dates to around 8000 BC, and the Neolithic period began before 6000 BC, followed by the Bronze Age around 2500 BC....