Jeseník
Encyclopedia
Jeseník (ˈjɛsɛɲiːk), Frývaldov until 1948 (ˈfriːvaldof; ) is a city and a district
Jeseník District
Jeseník District is a district in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. Its seat is the town Jeseník.The area called Jeseníky region is in the most northern bulge of Silesia and Moravia. It is closed by frontier with Poland that passes westward through Rychleby Hills and crosses the Nysa...

 in the Olomouc Region
Olomouc Region
Olomouc Region is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia and in a small part of the historical region of Silesia . It is named for its capital Olomouc.-External links:* *...

 of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....

.

Districts

  • Bukovice (Buchelsdorf)
  • Dětřichov (Dittershof)
  • Jeseník (Freiwaldau)
  • Lázně Jeseník
    Lázne Jeseník
    Lázně Jeseník is a small village in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It is administratively part of the city of Jeseník ....

     (Bad Gräfenberg
    Gräfenberg
    Gräfenberg may mean:* Gräfenberg, a city in Franconia, Germany* Lázně Jeseník , administrative part of city Jeseník, Czech Republic** Gräfenberg Spa, a spa founded by Vincent Priessnitz in Lázně Jeseník- Family names :...

    )

History

According to the Austrian
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...

 census of 1910 the town had 6,859 inhabitants, 6,619 of whom had permanent residence there. Census asked people for their native language, 6,588 (99.5%) were German-speaking, 16 (0.2%) were Czech-speaking and 13 (0.2%) were Polish-speaking. Jews
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...

 were not allowed to declare Yiddish
Yiddish language
Yiddish is a High German language of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. It developed as a fusion of German dialects with Hebrew, Aramaic, Slavic languages and traces of Romance languages...

, most of them thus declared the German language as their native. Most populous religious groups were Roman Catholics with 6,552 (95.5%), followed by Protestants with 208 (3%) and the Jews
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...

 with 83 (1.2%).

The Freiwaldau massacre

On November 25, 1931, the local Communist party
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa was a Communist and Marxist-Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992....

 organised a hunger march of around 1,000 unemployed stoneworkers ('Steinklopfer') to Freiwaldau. The police chief at Setzdorf instructed his men to prevent the demonstration from reaching the town. The police forced the marchers to take an alternative route through the forest. The police soon caught up with them at Nieder-Lindewiese, and a clash ensued during which the marchers threw sticks, stones and other objects at the gendarmes. After two stones hit the commander of the unit, First Lieutenant Oldřich Jirkovský, on the forehead, gave his men the order to fire on the crowd. As a result, ten people, including six women - among them a 60-year-old woman and a 14-year-old girl - were killed and fifteen men and women seriously injured and taken to the hospital in Freiwaldau. The Vienna Neue Zeitung attributed the march to the growing indebtedness of local stone- and chalkworkers, who could no longer earn enough for subsistence.

Famous personalities

  • Martin Johann Weidlich (1600–1678), scribe, chronist of Mährisch Trübau
  • (August) Carl Ditters (von Dittersdorf)
    Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf
    ----August Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf was an Austrian composer, violinist and silvologist.-1739-1764:...

     (1739, Laimgrube, Vienna - 1799, Červená Lhota château, Nový Dvůr, Deštná u Jindřichova Hradce), composer and violinist; In 1773, the prince-bishop made him the Amtshauptmann of nearby this town. He sent to Vienna and received a noble title "von Dittersdorf", his surname became "Ditters von Dittersdorf". One of this city's distinct Dětřichov was named after him; See also Javorník
    Javorník (Jeseník District)
    Javorník or Javorník u Jeseníku or Javorník ve Slezsku, , is a town in the Jeseník District of the Olomouc Region, Javorník Hook, Czech Republic. It has about 2,900 inhabitants.-Early history:...

    , Jánský vrch
    Jánský vrch
    Jánský vrch is a castle located in the Jeseník District, which lies in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. The castle Jánský Vrch stands on a hill above the town of Javorník in the north-western edge of Czech Silesia, a territory historically known as Sudetenland.-History:The castle is...

    .
  • Johann Nepomuk Raimann (1780–1847), doctor
  • Vincenz Priessnitz
    Vincenz Priessnitz
    Vincenz Priessnitz, also written Prießnitz was a peasant farmer in Gräfenberg, Austrian Silesia, who is generally considered the founder of modern hydrotherapy, which is used in alternative and orthodox medicine...

     (1799), founder of Hydropathy
  • Oskar Paul (1836–1898), music historian (de)
  • Adolph (Adolf Gustav) Weiß
    Adolph Weiss
    Adolph Weiss was an American composer. A modernist, he was a pupil of Arnold Schoenberg in Vienna; his father was a pupil of Ferruccio Busoni...

     (1837–1894, Prague), botanist
  • Edmund Weiss (Weiß)
    Edmund Weiss
    Edmund Weiß was an Austrian astronomer.He was born in Frývaldov, Austrian Silesia, now Jeseník, Czech Silesia. In 1869 he became a professor at the University of Vienna. He was named the director of the Vienna observatory in 1878...

     (1837–1917), astronomer
  • Adolf Kettner (1849, Schwarzwasser bei Freiwaldau - 1932), local historian
  • Oskar Hein (1863–1940), politician, writer
  • Emi Hauck (1866–1936), physician, mayor
  • Si(e)gmund Hein (1868–1945, Vienna), scientist
  • Richard (Victor) Werner (1875–1943, Theresienstadt), physician
  • Franz Wittelsbach, Prinz von Bayern (1919–1999), a son of Prince Georg of Bavaria
    Prince Georg of Bavaria
    Prince Georg of Bavaria was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and a Catholic priest.- Birth and family :...

    , died in Jeseník
  • Franz Karl Mohr (1887, Sandhübel
    Sandhubel
    Sandhubel is a mountain in the Plessur Range , located near Arosa in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.-External links:*...

     bei Freiwaldau - 1965), Sudeten and American Germanist and poet
  • Engelbert Kaps (1888–1975, Regensburg), sculptor
  • Adalbert Willmann (1889–1928), painter
  • Josef Werdecker (1907, Sandhübel - 1979), geographer
  • Walter Reder
    Walter Reder
    SS-Sturmbannführer Walter Reder was a German Waffen-SS officer who served with the 3.SS-Panzer-Division Totenkopf and the 16.SS-Panzergrenadier-Division Reichsführer-SS. He was a Knight's Cross and German Cross in Gold winner...

     (born 1915), Waffen-SS officer and a convicted war criminal
  • Rudolf Hanke (born 1931, Gross-Krosse bei Freiwaldau)
  • Radko Tichavsky (born 1959), compossitor, Honorary Consul for Coahuila, Monterrey and Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Twin towns — Sister cities

Jeseník is twinned
Town twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...

 with: Neuburg an der Donau
Neuburg an der Donau
Neuburg an der Donau, literally Neuburg on the Danube River, is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in the state of Bavaria in Germany.-Divisions:The municipality has 16 divisions:-History:...

, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 Nysa
Nysa, Poland
Nysa is a town in southwestern Poland on the Nysa Kłodzka river with 47,545 inhabitants , situated in the Opole Voivodeship. It is the capital of Nysa County. It comprises the urban portion of the surrounding Gmina Nysa, a mixed urban-rural commune with a total population of 60,123 inhabitants...

, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...


External links

Official website
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