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Jelly bean
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Jelly beans are a type of confectionery that comes in many different (primarily fruit) flavors. They are small (the size of a red kidney bean or smaller) and generally have a hard candy shell and gummy interior. The confection is primarily made of sugar.
gummy interior of the jelly bean may trace its origins back hundreds of years to a candy called Turkish Delight, while the outside shell is essentially the same as that developed in the late 17th century for Jordan Almond candies.
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Encyclopedia
Jelly beans are a type of confectionery that comes in many different (primarily fruit) flavors. They are small (the size of a red kidney bean or smaller) and generally have a hard candy shell and gummy interior. The confection is primarily made of sugar.
History
The gummy interior of the jelly bean may trace its origins back hundreds of years to a candy called Turkish Delight, while the outside shell is essentially the same as that developed in the late 17th century for Jordan Almond candies. The earliest known appearance of the modern jelly bean was during the American Civil War when William Schrafft of Boston promoted sending the candy to soldiers in the Union Army. It was not until 1930 or so that jelly beans became an Easter candy, presumably from their resemblance to Easter eggs. Their egg-like shape was then associated with the Easter Bunny, who gave out eggs on Easter.
In the 1960's when the rock and pop band The Beatles were on tour, fans would often toss jelly beans on stage and send them as gifts to the group.
In the 1980s, when Ronald Reagan was President of the United States, he was known for keeping a jar of Jelly Belly jelly beans on his desk, which was credited with helping to increase the candy's popularity in the U.S.
In appearances in popular fiction and entertainment, they have been referred to as "sweetrocks" in the film Ant Bully; have been used as currency in Disney's Toontown Online; and are in the title of F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story "The Jelly Bean". In Harry Potter, the students at Hogwarts eat "Bertie Bott's Every Flavour Beans", which come in a variety of flavors that range from revolting to delicious.
Ingredients
The basic ingredients of jelly beans include sugars, gelatin, corn syrup, and food starch. Relatively minor amounts of lecithin (an emulsifier), anti-foaming agents, beeswax or carnauba wax, salt, and confectioner's glaze are also added to the mix. The ingredients that give each bean its character are also relatively small in proportion and may vary depending on the flavor. These include natural and artificial flavors and colors, and, depending on the bean flavor, may include chocolate, coconut, fruit puree or juice, peanuts, vanilla, oils, cream, or freeze-dried egg, milk, or fruit powders. These flavorings each are 2% or less of all the ingredients.
Flavors
Most jelly beans are sold as an assortment of about eight more or less standard fruit flavors. Assortments of "spiced" jellybeans and gumdrops are also available, which include a similar number of spice and mint flavors. The colors of jelly beans are also more or less standardized, and a fairly typical scheme is shown in the table to the right.
Some premium brands, such as Jelly Belly, are available in dozens of different flavors, including berry, tropical fruit, soft drink, popcorn, and novelty ranges in addition to the familiar fruit and spice flavors. While these are also sold as assortments, individual flavors can be individually purchased from distributors. The mixing of several flavors together in the mouth can form a whole new flavor entirely, such as combining several fruity flavors for a fruit salad, or banana and toffee to create Banoffee Pie. Jelly Belly stores provide "menus" of such combinations.
A version of the "Every Flavor Beans" from the Harry Potter series were made commercially available, and included flavors described as earwax, dirt, pepper, and vomit.
Some brands of jelly bean include a different flavored filling. There are other candy products which also have a hard candy shell and a gummy interior, such as Skittles. However, these are not marketed as "jelly beans" and are not typically referred to as such.
Slang
In United States slang in the 1910s and early 1920s a "Jelly bean" or "Jellybean" was a young man who made great efforts to dress very stylishly, presumably to attract women, but had little else to recommend him; similar to the older terms dandy and fop and the slightly later drugstore cowboy. However, the word was also used as a synonym for pimp. The term was memorialized in the song, "Jelly Bean (He's a Curbstone Cutie)", kept popular through the 1940s by Phil Harris. It was written by Jimmie Dupre, Sam Rosen, and Joe Verges and published in New Orleans in 1920 by Universal Music Publishers, Inc.
In the semiconductor industry, a "jelly bean" component is one which is widely available, used generically in many applications, and has no very unusual characteristics - as though it might be grabbed out of a jar in handfuls when needed, like jelly beans. For example, the 741 might be considered a jelly bean operational amplifier.
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