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Jazz at the Philharmonic or JATP (1944 - 1983) was the title of a series of concert
Concert

A concert is a live performance, usually of music, before an audience. The music may be performed by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, a choir, or a musical band....
s and recording
Recording

Recording is a process of capturing data or translating information to a recording format stored on a storage medium often referred to as a record....
s produced by Norman Granz
Norman Granz

Norman Granz was an American jazz music impresario and producer. Born in Los Angeles, son of Jewish immigrants from Tiraspol, Granz was a fundamental figure in American jazz, especially from about 1947 to 1960....
 (1918 - 2001). The very first concert was held on July 2, 1944 at Philharmonic Auditorium, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California

Los Angeles is the largest city in the U.S. state of California and the List of United States cities by population in the United States. Often abbreviated as L.A. and nicknamed The City of Angels, Los Angeles is rated as a beta global city, has an estimated population of 3.8 million and spans over in Southern California....
, and featured Illinois Jacquet
Illinois Jacquet

Jean-Baptiste Illinois Jacquet was a jazz tenor saxophonist most famous for his solo on "Flying Home". He is better known simply as Illinois Jacquet....
, Jack McVea
Jack McVea

Jack McVea was an United States Swing , blues, and rhythm and blues woodwind player; he played clarinet and tenor and baritone saxophone. His father was the noted banjoist Satchel McVea, and banjo was Jack's first instrument....
, J. J. Johnson, Shorty Sherock
Shorty Sherock

Clarence "Shorty" Sherock was a prominent Swing music jazz trumpeter.Sherock attended the Illinois Military Academy before becoming a soloist with Jimmy Dorsey's orchestra and later with Gene Krupa's Orchestra, together with saxophonist Sam Donahue....
, Nat King Cole
Nat King Cole

Nathaniel Adams Coles , known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an United States musician who first came to prominence as a leading jazz pianist....
, Les Paul
Les Paul

Les Paul is an American jazz guitarist and inventor. He is a pioneer in the development of the solid-body electric guitar which "made the sound of rock and roll possible." His many recording innovations include overdubbing, Delay such as "sound on sound" and Delay , Phaser , and multitrack recording....
, Johnny Miller, Meade Lux Lewis, Bumps Myers, Joe Sullivan, Buddy Rich, Marie Bryant, Red Callender, Lee Young a.o. - Illinois Jacquet in particular created a sensation.






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Jazz at the Philharmonic or JATP (1944 - 1983) was the title of a series of concert
Concert

A concert is a live performance, usually of music, before an audience. The music may be performed by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, a choir, or a musical band....
s and recording
Recording

Recording is a process of capturing data or translating information to a recording format stored on a storage medium often referred to as a record....
s produced by Norman Granz
Norman Granz

Norman Granz was an American jazz music impresario and producer. Born in Los Angeles, son of Jewish immigrants from Tiraspol, Granz was a fundamental figure in American jazz, especially from about 1947 to 1960....
 (1918 - 2001). The very first concert was held on July 2, 1944 at Philharmonic Auditorium, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California

Los Angeles is the largest city in the U.S. state of California and the List of United States cities by population in the United States. Often abbreviated as L.A. and nicknamed The City of Angels, Los Angeles is rated as a beta global city, has an estimated population of 3.8 million and spans over in Southern California....
, and featured Illinois Jacquet
Illinois Jacquet

Jean-Baptiste Illinois Jacquet was a jazz tenor saxophonist most famous for his solo on "Flying Home". He is better known simply as Illinois Jacquet....
, Jack McVea
Jack McVea

Jack McVea was an United States Swing , blues, and rhythm and blues woodwind player; he played clarinet and tenor and baritone saxophone. His father was the noted banjoist Satchel McVea, and banjo was Jack's first instrument....
, J. J. Johnson, Shorty Sherock
Shorty Sherock

Clarence "Shorty" Sherock was a prominent Swing music jazz trumpeter.Sherock attended the Illinois Military Academy before becoming a soloist with Jimmy Dorsey's orchestra and later with Gene Krupa's Orchestra, together with saxophonist Sam Donahue....
, Nat King Cole
Nat King Cole

Nathaniel Adams Coles , known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an United States musician who first came to prominence as a leading jazz pianist....
, Les Paul
Les Paul

Les Paul is an American jazz guitarist and inventor. He is a pioneer in the development of the solid-body electric guitar which "made the sound of rock and roll possible." His many recording innovations include overdubbing, Delay such as "sound on sound" and Delay , Phaser , and multitrack recording....
, Johnny Miller, Meade Lux Lewis, Bumps Myers, Joe Sullivan, Buddy Rich, Marie Bryant, Red Callender, Lee Young a.o. - Illinois Jacquet in particular created a sensation. The title of the concert had been shortened by the printer of the advertising supplements from "Jazz at the Philharmonic Auditorium", to "Jazz at the Philharmonic" (only one copy, of the first concert program, is known to exist!). Norman Granz organised the concert with about $200 of borrowed money.

After several similar concerts in Los Angeles, Granz began producing annual JATP concert tours, in USA and Canada, from late fall/winter of 1945-46 to 1957. These featured Swing
Swing (genre)

Swing music, also known as swing jazz or simply swing, is a form of jazz music that developed in the early 1930s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United States....
 and Bop
Bebop

Bebop or bop is a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos and improvisation based on harmonic structure rather than melody. It was developed in the early and mid-1940s....
 musicians. They were among the first high-profile performances to feature racially integrated bands, and Granz cancelled some bookings rather than have the musicians perform for segregated
Racial segregation

File:Segregated cinema entrance3.jpgRacial segregation is the separation of different Race s in daily life, such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a drinking fountain, using a rest room, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home....
 audiences.

1st National (USA and Canada) Jazz at the Philharmonic Tour: Late Fall/Winter of 1945-46. 2nd National Tour: Spring, 1946. 3rd National Tour: Fall, 1946. 4th National Tour: Spring, 1947. 5th National Tour: Fall, 1947. 6th National Tour: Spring, 1948. 7th National Tour: Fall, 1948. 8th National Tour: Spring, 1949. 9th National Tour: Fall, 1949. 10th National Tour: Fall, 1950. 11th National Tour: Fall, 1951. 12th National Tour: Fall, 1952. 13th National Tour: Fall, 1953. 14th National Tour: Fall, 1954. 16th National Tour! (15th National Tour, in the fall of 1955, was renamed 16th National Tour, just weeks before the start of the JATP Tour): Fall, 1955. 17th National Tour: Fall, 1956. 18th National Tour: Fall, 1957. Concert programs are known to exist for all tours except 2nd tour. (Ref: Article by JATP Expert Niels Ervill).

1st European Jazz at the Philharmonic Tour: Spring, 1952. 2nd European Tour: Spring, 1953. 3rd European Tour: Spring, 1954. 4th European Tour: Spring, 1955. 5th European Tour: Spring, 1956. 6th European Tour: Spring, 1957. 7th European Tour: Spring, 1958. 8th European Tour: Spring, 1959. (Ref: Article by JATP Expert Niels Ervill).

Jazz at the Philharmonic featured most of the era's preeminent musicians: Louie Bellson
Louie Bellson

Luigi Paulino Alfredo Francesco Antonio Balassoni , better known by the stage name Louie Bellson , was an Italian-American jazz drummer. He was a composer, arranger, bandleader, and jazz educator, and is credited with pioneering the Double bass drumming....
, Ray Brown, Benny Carter
Benny Carter

Bennett Lester Carter was an United States jazz alto saxophonist, clarinetist, trumpeter, composer, arranger, and bandleader. He was a major figure in jazz from the 1930s to the 1990s, and was recognized as such by other jazz musicians who called him King ....
, Buddy DeFranco, Harry "Sweets" Edison, Roy Eldridge
Roy Eldridge

Roy David Eldridge , nicknamed "Little Jazz" was an United States jazz trumpet player. His sophisticated use of harmony, including the use of tritone substitutions, his virtuosic solos and his strong influence on Dizzy Gillespie mark him as one of the most exciting musicians of the Swing Era and a precursor of bebop....
, Herb Ellis, Ella Fitzgerald
Ella Fitzgerald

Ella Jane Fitzgerald , also known as "Jazz royalty" and the "First Lady of Song", is considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th century....
, Stan Getz
Stan Getz

Stanley Gayetzky or Stanley Gayetsky , usually known by his stage name Stan Getz, was an American jazz saxophone player. Known as "The Sound" because of his warm, lyrical tone, Getz's prime influence was the wispy, mellow tone of his idol, Lester Young....
, Dizzy Gillespie
Dizzy Gillespie

John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie [/g?'l?spi/] was an United States jazz trumpeter, bandleader, singer, and composer. He was born in Cheraw, South Carolina, the youngest of nine children....
, Lionel Hampton, Bill Harris
Bill Harris

Bill Harris may refer to:In arts*Bill Harris , American painter*Bill Harris , American jazz trombonistIn sports:*Bill Harris , New Zealand soccer player...
, Coleman Hawkins
Coleman Hawkins

Coleman Randolph Hawkins , nicknamed "Hawk" and sometimes "Bean", was a prominent jazz Tenor saxophone.He is commonly regarded as the first important and influential jazz musician to use the instrument: Joachim E....
, J.C. Heard, Billie Holiday, The Modern Jazz Quartet, Illinois Jacquet
Illinois Jacquet

Jean-Baptiste Illinois Jacquet was a jazz tenor saxophonist most famous for his solo on "Flying Home". He is better known simply as Illinois Jacquet....
, Hank Jones
Hank Jones

Henry "Hank" Jones is an United States jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer. Critics and musicians have described Jones as eloquent, lyrical, and impeccable....
, Jo Jones, Barney Kessel, Gene Krupa
Gene Krupa

Gene Krupa was an influentialUnited States jazz and big band drummer and composer, known for his highly energetic and flamboyant style....
, Charlie Parker
Charlie Parker

Charles Parker, Jr. was an American jazz saxophonist and composer.Parker is widely considered one of the most influential of jazz musicians, along with Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington....
, Oscar Peterson
Oscar Peterson

Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, Order of Canada, National Order of Quebec, Order of Ontario was a Canada jazz pianist and composer. He was called the "Maharaja of the keyboard" by Duke Ellington, "O.P." by his friends, and was a member of jazz royalty....
, Flip Phillips
Flip Phillips

Flip Phillips was a jazz tenor saxophone and clarinet player. He is best remembered for his work with Jazz at the Philharmonic from 1946 to 1957....
, Buddy Rich
Buddy Rich

Bernard "Buddy" Rich was an United States Jazz drumming, bandleader and former Marine. Rich was billed as "the world's greatest drummer" and was known for his virtuoso technique, power, and speed....
, Charlie Shavers
Charlie Shavers

Charlie James Shavers was a Swing era jazz trumpet player who played at one time or another with Dizzy Gillespie, Roy Eldridge, Johnny Dodds, Jimmy Noone, Sidney Bechet, Midge Williams and Billie Holiday....
, Willie Smith
Willie Smith (alto saxophonist)

William McLeish Smith was one of the major alto saxophone players of the swing era. He also played clarinet and sang. He is generally referred to as "Willie Smith"....
, Sonny Stitt, Tommy Turk
Tommy Turk

Tommy Turk was a jazz trombone from Johnstown, Pennsylvania.He did notable playing for Jazz at the Philharmonic and can be heard on several CDs with Charlie Parker....
, Ben Webster
Ben Webster

Benjamin Francis Webster , aka "The Brute" or "Frog," was an influential United States jazz tenor saxophone. Webster, born in Kansas City, Missouri, was considered one of the three most important "swing tenors" along with Coleman Hawkins and Lester Young....
, Lester Young
Lester Young

Lester Willis Young , nicknamed 'Prez', was an United States jazz tenor saxophonist and clarinetist. He was also known to play the trumpet, violin, and drums....
 a.o.

Norman Granz recorded many of these concerts, and sold/leased (from 1945 to 1947) the recordings to Asch/Disc/Stinson Records (record producer Moses Asch's labels). Later, Granz leased (from 1948 to 1953) the recordings to Mercury Records
Mercury Records

Mercury Records is a record label operating as a standalone company in the UK and as part of the Island Def Jam Music Group in the US, and are both subsidiaries of Universal Music Group....
, and later reissued/issued them on Norgran (founded 1953), from 1953 on Clef (founded 1946), and from 1956 on Verve
Verve Records

Verve Records is an United States Jazz record label now owned by the Universal Music Group. It was founded by Norman Granz in 1956, absorbing the catalogues of his earlier labels: Norgran Records and Clef Records and material which had been licensed to Mercury Records previously....
 (founded 1956), at the time, his own labels.

Jazz at the Philharmonic ceased touring the United States, after the JATP concerts in the fall of 1957, but continued intermittently (mainly in Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
 and Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
) until 1983 (very last JATP concerts: Tokyo, Japan, fall, 1983). In the 1970s, Granz kept the spirit of the JATP alive on his many jam session style records for his Pablo
Pablo Records

Pablo Records was a record label founded by Norman Granz in 1973 in music, some ten years after he had sold his jazz labels to MGM Records.Pablo initially featured recordings by acts that he managed: Ella Fitzgerald, Oscar Peterson and Joe Pass....
 label, also used for previously unissued JATP concerts.

Recordings held by Verve Records
Verve Records

Verve Records is an United States Jazz record label now owned by the Universal Music Group. It was founded by Norman Granz in 1956, absorbing the catalogues of his earlier labels: Norgran Records and Clef Records and material which had been licensed to Mercury Records previously....
 of the first five years (1944 - 1949) of JATP have been issued in a 10 CD
Compact Disc

A Compact Disc is an optical disc used to store Data , originally developed for storing digital audio. The CD, available on the market since October 1982, remains the standard physical medium for sale of commercial Sound recording and reproduction to the present day....
 Box Set, and less comprehensively by European labels.

JATP recordings

  • July 2, 1944 : "Blues", "Lester Leaps In", "Body and Soul", "Rosetta", "Bugle Call Rag" a.o. with Nat King Cole
    Nat King Cole

    Nathaniel Adams Coles , known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an United States musician who first came to prominence as a leading jazz pianist....
    , Illinois Jacquet, Jack McVea, Lee Young, Les Paul
    Les Paul

    Les Paul is an American jazz guitarist and inventor. He is a pioneer in the development of the solid-body electric guitar which "made the sound of rock and roll possible." His many recording innovations include overdubbing, Delay such as "sound on sound" and Delay , Phaser , and multitrack recording....
     a.o. The very first JATP concert! The recordings were issued on Disc, Mercury, Clef and Verve.
  • 1946 : "JATP Blues", "I Got Rhythm" a.o. with Buck Clayton, Coleman Hawkins, Charlie Parker, Lester Young, Kenny Kersey, Irving Ashby, Buddy Rich a.o. "I Can't Get Started" (featuring Lester Young).
  • 1947 : "Perdido" (famous JATP concert recording featuring Flip Phillips).
  • 1949 + 1950 : "Norgran Blues", "Lady Be Good" a.o. with Harry "Sweets" Edison, Flip Phillips, Bill Harris, Lester Young, Hank Jones, Ray Brown and Buddy Rich, and "Stuffy" a.o. (featuring Coleman Hawkins), and "Repetition", "Easy To Love", "April In Paris" a.o. (featuring Charlie Parker with Strings), and The Oscar Peterson Set (featuring OP and Ray Brown, Oscar Peterson's JATP debut! - recorded on September 18, 1949 at Carnegie Hall, New York): "Norman Granz' Jazz Concert # 1" (i.e. Jazz at the Philharmonic), Norgran MG JC # 1. Vinyl Box Set (two 12" LP's). Reissued as "Midnight Jazz At Carnegie Hall" on Verve (Clef series) MGV-8189-2 (two 12" LP Set).
  • 1952 : "Jam Session Blues", "The Trumpet Battle", "The Ballad Medley", "Cottontail", and "Perdido" with Lester Young, Flip Phillips, Roy Eldridge, Oscar Peterson, Barney Kessel, Buddy Rich a.o., and "The Drum Battle" (featuring Gene Krupa
    Gene Krupa

    Gene Krupa was an influentialUnited States jazz and big band drummer and composer, known for his highly energetic and flamboyant style....
     and Buddy Rich
    Buddy Rich

    Bernard "Buddy" Rich was an United States Jazz drumming, bandleader and former Marine. Rich was billed as "the world's greatest drummer" and was known for his virtuoso technique, power, and speed....
    ), and "C Jam Blues", "Tenderly" a.o. with The Oscar Peterson Trio (OP, Barney Kessel and Ray Brown): Mercury vol. 15. Vinyl Box Set (three 12" LP's + 12th JATP tour program). Reissued as Clef vol. 15. Vinyl Box Set (three 12" LP's + 12th JATP tour program). Reissued as Verve vol. 8. Vinyl Box Set (three 12" LP's, NO JATP tour program).
  • 1953 : "Cool Blues", "The Ballad Medley", "One O'Clock Jump", "Flying Home" a.o. with Lester Young, Ben Webster, Roy Eldridge, Charlie Shavers, Benny Carter, Flip Phillips, Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis, Ray Brown, J.C. Heard a.o., and The Oscar Peterson Trio Set with OP, Herb Ellis and Ray Brown: Clef vol. 16. Vinyl Box Set (three 12" LP's and one 10" LP + an envelope with 13 photo reprints). Reissued as Verve vol. 9. Vinyl Box Set (three 12" LP's, NO 10" LP, NO photo reprints).
  • 1954 : "Jazz Concert Blues", "The Challengers", The Ballad Medley" a.o. with Roy Eldridge, Bill Harris, Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis, Louie Bellson, Dizzy Gillespie a.o., and The Oscar Peterson Trio Set with OP, Herb Ellis and Ray Brown, and "Flying Home", "How High the Moon" a.o. with Buddy DeFranco, Lionel Hampton a.o.: Clef vol. 17. Vinyl Box Set (three 12" LP's + an envelope with 12 photo reprints). Reissued as Verve vol. 10. Vinyl Box Set (three 12" LP's, NO photo reprints).
  • 1955 : "The Blues", "The Modern Set", "The Swing Set", "The Ballad Medley", and "Buddy Rich's Explosion" with Illinois Jacquet, Lester Young, Flip Phillips, Roy Eldridge, Dizzy Gillespie, Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis, Ray Brown and Buddy Rich; and The Oscar Peterson Trio Set with OP, Herb Ellis and Ray Brown: Clef vol. 11! (Clef vol. 18 was never issued!): two 12" LP Set. Reissued as Verve vol. 11 (two 12" LP Set). Exciting Drum Battle: JATP Stockholm '55 (with Roy Eldridge
    Roy Eldridge

    Roy David Eldridge , nicknamed "Little Jazz" was an United States jazz trumpet player. His sophisticated use of harmony, including the use of tritone substitutions, his virtuosic solos and his strong influence on Dizzy Gillespie mark him as one of the most exciting musicians of the Swing Era and a precursor of bebop....
     Dizzy Gillespie
    Dizzy Gillespie

    John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie [/g?'l?spi/] was an United States jazz trumpeter, bandleader, singer, and composer. He was born in Cheraw, South Carolina, the youngest of nine children....
     Bill Harris
    Bill Harris

    Bill Harris may refer to:In arts*Bill Harris , American painter*Bill Harris , American jazz trombonistIn sports:*Bill Harris , New Zealand soccer player...
     Flip Phillips
    Flip Phillips

    Flip Phillips was a jazz tenor saxophone and clarinet player. He is best remembered for his work with Jazz at the Philharmonic from 1946 to 1957....
     Oscar Peterson
    Oscar Peterson

    Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, Order of Canada, National Order of Quebec, Order of Ontario was a Canada jazz pianist and composer. He was called the "Maharaja of the keyboard" by Duke Ellington, "O.P." by his friends, and was a member of jazz royalty....
     Ray Brown
    Ray Brown (musician)

    Raymond Matthews Brown was an United States jazz double bassist. He is considered by many one of the masters of his instrument, as he developed an almost perfect sense of timekeeping and had a hard swing feel to his lines....
     Louie Bellson
    Louie Bellson

    Luigi Paulino Alfredo Francesco Antonio Balassoni , better known by the stage name Louie Bellson , was an Italian-American jazz drummer. He was a composer, arranger, bandleader, and jazz educator, and is credited with pioneering the Double bass drumming....
     Herb Ellis
    Herb Ellis

    Mitchell Herbert Ellis is an United States jazz guitarist....
    ) LP: Pablo Records (p)74 - 2310713 - CD: Concord
  • 1956 : "Honeysuckle Rose", "Jumpin' at the Woodhouse", "When the Saints..." a.o.: "Jazz at the Hollywood Bowl" (i.e. Jazz at the Philharmonic), recorded august, 1956, with Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald, Art Tatum, Illinois Jacquet, Flip Phillips, Harry "Sweets" Edison, Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis, Ray Brown, Buddy Rich a.o., and The Oscar Peterson Trio Set with OP, Herb Ellis and Ray Brown: Verve (Clef series) MGV-8231-2 (two 12" LP Set). Jazz At The Philharmonic -- Hamburg, Germany -- February 29, 1956 (with Dizzy Gillespie
    Dizzy Gillespie

    John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie [/g?'l?spi/] was an United States jazz trumpeter, bandleader, singer, and composer. He was born in Cheraw, South Carolina, the youngest of nine children....
     and Roy Eldridge
    Roy Eldridge

    Roy David Eldridge , nicknamed "Little Jazz" was an United States jazz trumpet player. His sophisticated use of harmony, including the use of tritone substitutions, his virtuosic solos and his strong influence on Dizzy Gillespie mark him as one of the most exciting musicians of the Swing Era and a precursor of bebop....
     on trumpets, Flip Phillips
    Flip Phillips

    Flip Phillips was a jazz tenor saxophone and clarinet player. He is best remembered for his work with Jazz at the Philharmonic from 1946 to 1957....
     and Illinois Jacquet
    Illinois Jacquet

    Jean-Baptiste Illinois Jacquet was a jazz tenor saxophonist most famous for his solo on "Flying Home". He is better known simply as Illinois Jacquet....
     on tenor, Oscar Peterson
    Oscar Peterson

    Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, Order of Canada, National Order of Quebec, Order of Ontario was a Canada jazz pianist and composer. He was called the "Maharaja of the keyboard" by Duke Ellington, "O.P." by his friends, and was a member of jazz royalty....
     on piano, Herb Ellis
    Herb Ellis

    Mitchell Herbert Ellis is an United States jazz guitarist....
     on guitar, Ray Brown
    Ray Brown (musician)

    Raymond Matthews Brown was an United States jazz double bassist. He is considered by many one of the masters of his instrument, as he developed an almost perfect sense of timekeeping and had a hard swing feel to his lines....
     on bass, and Gene Krupa
    Gene Krupa

    Gene Krupa was an influentialUnited States jazz and big band drummer and composer, known for his highly energetic and flamboyant style....
     on drums) Fresh Sound Records
  • 1957 : "The Slow Blues", "Merry Go Round" with Lester Young, Illinois Jacquet, Flip Phillips, Sonny Stitt, Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis, Ray Brown and Jo Jones, and "Stuffy" with Stan Getz, Coleman Hawkins, Roy Eldridge, J.J. Johnson, Connie Kay a.o.: "The JATP All-Stars at the Opera House", Verve (Clef series) MGV-8267. "Billie's Bounce" (featuring J. J. Johnson and Stan Getz).