Jaun
Encyclopedia
Jaun is a municipality
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...

 in the district of Gruyère
Gruyère (district)
Gruyère District is a district of the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It has a population of . Its capital is Bulle.-Municipalities:-Mergers and name changes:...

 in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...

 of Fribourg in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

. It is the only German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

-speaking municipality in Gruyère.

Geography

Jaun has an area, , of 55.2 square kilometre. Of this area, 23.47 square kilometre or 42.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 21.46 square kilometre or 38.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.95 square kilometre or 1.7% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.45 square kilometre or 0.8% is either rivers or lakes and 8.91 square kilometre or 16.1% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 0.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.0%. Out of the forested land, 33.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 5.3% is pastures and 37.1% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.3% is in lakes and 0.5% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 10.9% is unproductive vegetation and 5.2% is too rocky for vegetation.

The municipality is located in the Gruyère district, in the Jaun pass
Jaun Pass
Jaun Pass is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps linking Charmey and Jaun in the canton of Fribourg with Reidenbach in the canton of Berne....

 at an elevation of 1027 m (3,369.4 ft). It consists of the linear village
Linear village
In geography, a linear village, or linear settlement, is a small to medium-sized settlement that is formed around a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal. Wraysbury, a village in Berkshire, is one of the longest villages in England....

 of Jaun and the hamlets
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...

 of Im Fang , Kappelboden, Weibelsried, Zur Eich and a number of scattered farm houses.

The Jaun Pass
Jaun Pass
Jaun Pass is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps linking Charmey and Jaun in the canton of Fribourg with Reidenbach in the canton of Berne....

 connects it with Boltigen
Boltigen
Boltigen is a municipality in the Obersimmental-Saanen administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.Boltigen is a mixed community, with traits both of a burgese community and a village community. Beside it, there is also a reformed evangelical Church community...

 in the canton of Bern.

Demographics

Jaun has a population of . , 3.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of -5.7%. Migration accounted for -6.6%, while births and deaths accounted for 1.3%.

Most of the population speaks German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

 (621 or 89.5%) as their first language, French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

 is the second most common (68 or 9.8%) and Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian or Serbo-Croat, less commonly Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian , is a South Slavic language with multiple standards and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro...

 is the third (2 or 0.3%).

, the population was 51.7% male and 48.3% female. The population was made up of 332 Swiss men (49.5% of the population) and 15 (2.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 313 Swiss women (46.6%) and 11 (1.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 524 or about 75.5% were born in Jaun and lived there in 2000. There were 75 or 10.8% who were born in the same canton, while 53 or 7.6% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 26 or 3.7% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0-19 years old) make up 30.1% of the population, while adults (20-64 years old) make up 50.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.3%.

, there were 307 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 341 married individuals, 37 widows or widowers and 9 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 254 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. There were 72 households that consist of only one person and 41 households with five or more people. , a total of 247 apartments (70.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 87 apartments (24.8%) were seasonally occupied and 17 apartments (4.8%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.4 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.11%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics

In the 2011 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2011
Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 23 October 2011.All of the Federal Assembly were to be elected: all 200 seats in the National Council and all 46 seats in the Council of States....

 the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...

 which received 41.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...

 (24.1%), the FDP
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....

 (10.7%) and the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....

 (7.5%).

The SVP improved their position in Jaun rising to first, from second in 2007 (with 25.8%) The CVP moved from first in 2007 (with 53.1%) to second in 2011, the FDP moved from below fourth place in 2007 to third and the SPS moved from third in 2007 (with 5.8%) to fourth. A total of 253 votes were cast in this election, of which 7 or 2.8% were invalid.

Economy

, Jaun had an unemployment rate of 0.9%. , there were 85 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 30 businesses involved in this sector. 86 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 10 businesses in this sector. 53 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 20 businesses in this sector. There were 287 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 35.2% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent
Full-time equivalent
Full-time equivalent , is a unit to measure employed persons or students in a way that makes them comparable although they may work or study a different number of hours per week. FTE is often used to measure a worker's involvement in a project, or to track cost reductions in an organization...

 jobs was 170. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 51, of which 47 were in agriculture and 5 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 81 of which 26 or (32.1%) were in manufacturing and 53 (65.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 38. In the tertiary sector; 3 or 7.9% were in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 4 or 10.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 18 or 47.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 10.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 1 was a technical professional or scientist, 5 or 13.2% were in education.

, there were 23 workers who commuted into the municipality and 118 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 5.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 9.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 61% used a private car.

Religion

From the , 626 or 90.2% were Roman Catholic, while 32 or 4.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church
Swiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...

. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church
Orthodox Christianity
The term Orthodox Christianity may refer to:* the Eastern Orthodox Church and its various geographical subdivisions...

 (or about 0.29% of the population). There were 7 (or about 1.01% of the population) who were Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and .   : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...

ic. 8 (or about 1.15% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic
Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view that the truth value of certain claims—especially claims about the existence or non-existence of any deity, but also other religious and metaphysical claims—is unknown or unknowable....

 or atheist
Atheism
Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities. In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities...

, and 19 individuals (or about 2.74% of the population) did not answer the question.

Weather

Jaun has an average of 151.5 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 1717 mm (67.6 in) of precipitation
Precipitation (meteorology)
In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation (also known as one of the classes of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation...

. The wettest month is June during which time Jaun receives an average of 184 mm (7.2 in) of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 15.2 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 15.5, but with only 149 mm (5.9 in) of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is October with an average of 113 mm (4.4 in) of precipitation over 9 days.

Education

In Jaun about 172 or (24.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 30 or (4.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...

). Of the 30 who completed tertiary schooling, 73.3% were Swiss men, 16.7% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Fribourg school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...

, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school. The upper Secondary school is divided into gymnasium
Gymnasium (school)
A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar schools or sixth form colleges and U.S. college preparatory high schools. The word γυμνάσιον was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual...

 (university preparatory) and vocational programs. After they finish the upper Secondary program, students may choose to attend a Tertiary school or continue their apprenticeship
Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a skill. Apprentices or protégés build their careers from apprenticeships...

.

During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 96 students attending 7 classes in Jaun. A total of 121 students from the municipality attended any school, either in the municipality or outside of it. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 15 students in the municipality. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 55 students. During the same year, there were 3 lower secondary classes with a total of 26 students. There were no upper Secondary classes or vocational classes, but there were 3 upper Secondary students and 23 upper Secondary vocational students who attended classes in another municipality. The municipality had no non-university Tertiary classes. who attended classes in another municipality.

, there were 47 students from Jaun who attended schools outside the municipality.
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