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Jasper Tudor, 1st Duke of Bedford

 

 
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Jasper Tudor, 1st Duke of Bedford
 
 
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Jasper Tudor (Welsh: Siasbar Tudur): c. 1431 – December 21/26, 1495, Earl of Pembroke
Earl of Pembroke

The Earldom of Pembroke, associated with Pembroke Castle in Wales, was created by King Stephen of England. Several times the line has become extinct, and the Earldom has been re-created, starting the count over again with a new first Earl....
 and 1st Duke of Bedford
Duke of Bedford

The titles of Earl or Duke of Bedford were created several times in the Peerage of England. It was first created for Enguerrand VII de Coucy, son-in-law of Edward III of England, in the 14th century....
, was the uncle of King Henry VII of England
Henry VII of England

Henry VII was the Kingdom of England and Lordship of Ireland from his usurpation of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty....
 and the architect of his successful conquest of England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 and Wales
Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
 in 1485.

er was the third son of Owen Tudor
Owen Tudor

Owain ap Meredydd, or Meredudd was a Welsh soldier and courtier, descended from the Welsh prince Rhys ap Gruffudd, "The Lord Rhys"....
 and the former Queen
Queen consort

A queen consort is the title given to the wife of a reigning Monarch. Queens consort usually share their husbands' Royal and noble ranks and hold the feminine equivalent of their husbands' monarchical titles....
 Catherine of Valois
Catherine of Valois

Catherine of Valois was the Queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422. She was the daughter of King Charles VI of France, wife of King Henry V of England, mother of King Henry VI of England, and through her secret marriage with Owen Tudor, the grandmother of King Henry VII of England....
, widow of King Henry V
Henry V of England

Henry V was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422....
. Hence he was a half-brother to King Henry VI
Henry VI of England

Henry VI was Kingdom of England 1422?1461 and then 1470?1471, and King of France as the de jure monarch from 1422 to 1429....
, who, on attaining his majority, made Jasper Earl of Pembroke
Earl of Pembroke

The Earldom of Pembroke, associated with Pembroke Castle in Wales, was created by King Stephen of England. Several times the line has become extinct, and the Earldom has been re-created, starting the count over again with a new first Earl....
 (sometime in 1452 or 1453).

Through his father, Owen Tudor, he was a direct descendant of Ednyfed Fychan
Ednyfed Fychan

Ednyfed Fychan , full name Ednyfed Fychan ap Cynwrig, was a Wales warrior who became seneschal to the Kingdom of Gwynedd in northern Wales, serving Llywelyn the Great and his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn....
, Llywelyn the Great
Llywelyn the Great

Llywelyn the Great , ), full name Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, was a Prince of Kingdom of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales....
's renowned Chancellor; this added greatly to his status in Wales
Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
.

Although there was uncertainty as to whether Jasper and his two (or three) brothers were legitimate, their parents' probably secret marriage not being recognised by the authorities, he enjoyed all the privileges appropriate to his birth until 1461, when he was subject to an attainder
Attainder

In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura is the metaphorical 'stain' or 'corruption of blood' which arises from being condemned for a serious capital crime ....
 for supporting King Henry VI against the Yorkists, who eventually deposed him.

er was an adventurer whose military
Military

A military is an organization authorized by its nation to use force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or Threat of force ....
 expertise, some of it gained in the early stages of the Wars of the Roses
Wars of the Roses

The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of House of Lancaster and House of York....
, was considerable.






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Jasper Tudor (Welsh: Siasbar Tudur): c. 1431 – December 21/26, 1495, Earl of Pembroke
Earl of Pembroke

The Earldom of Pembroke, associated with Pembroke Castle in Wales, was created by King Stephen of England. Several times the line has become extinct, and the Earldom has been re-created, starting the count over again with a new first Earl....
 and 1st Duke of Bedford
Duke of Bedford

The titles of Earl or Duke of Bedford were created several times in the Peerage of England. It was first created for Enguerrand VII de Coucy, son-in-law of Edward III of England, in the 14th century....
, was the uncle of King Henry VII of England
Henry VII of England

Henry VII was the Kingdom of England and Lordship of Ireland from his usurpation of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty....
 and the architect of his successful conquest of England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 and Wales
Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
 in 1485.

Lineage

Jasper was the third son of Owen Tudor
Owen Tudor

Owain ap Meredydd, or Meredudd was a Welsh soldier and courtier, descended from the Welsh prince Rhys ap Gruffudd, "The Lord Rhys"....
 and the former Queen
Queen consort

A queen consort is the title given to the wife of a reigning Monarch. Queens consort usually share their husbands' Royal and noble ranks and hold the feminine equivalent of their husbands' monarchical titles....
 Catherine of Valois
Catherine of Valois

Catherine of Valois was the Queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422. She was the daughter of King Charles VI of France, wife of King Henry V of England, mother of King Henry VI of England, and through her secret marriage with Owen Tudor, the grandmother of King Henry VII of England....
, widow of King Henry V
Henry V of England

Henry V was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422....
. Hence he was a half-brother to King Henry VI
Henry VI of England

Henry VI was Kingdom of England 1422?1461 and then 1470?1471, and King of France as the de jure monarch from 1422 to 1429....
, who, on attaining his majority, made Jasper Earl of Pembroke
Earl of Pembroke

The Earldom of Pembroke, associated with Pembroke Castle in Wales, was created by King Stephen of England. Several times the line has become extinct, and the Earldom has been re-created, starting the count over again with a new first Earl....
 (sometime in 1452 or 1453).

Through his father, Owen Tudor, he was a direct descendant of Ednyfed Fychan
Ednyfed Fychan

Ednyfed Fychan , full name Ednyfed Fychan ap Cynwrig, was a Wales warrior who became seneschal to the Kingdom of Gwynedd in northern Wales, serving Llywelyn the Great and his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn....
, Llywelyn the Great
Llywelyn the Great

Llywelyn the Great , ), full name Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, was a Prince of Kingdom of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales....
's renowned Chancellor; this added greatly to his status in Wales
Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
.

Although there was uncertainty as to whether Jasper and his two (or three) brothers were legitimate, their parents' probably secret marriage not being recognised by the authorities, he enjoyed all the privileges appropriate to his birth until 1461, when he was subject to an attainder
Attainder

In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura is the metaphorical 'stain' or 'corruption of blood' which arises from being condemned for a serious capital crime ....
 for supporting King Henry VI against the Yorkists, who eventually deposed him.

Wars of the Roses

Jasper was an adventurer whose military
Military

A military is an organization authorized by its nation to use force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or Threat of force ....
 expertise, some of it gained in the early stages of the Wars of the Roses
Wars of the Roses

The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of House of Lancaster and House of York....
, was considerable. He remained in touch with Margaret of Anjou
Margaret of Anjou

Margaret of Anjou was the Queen consort of Henry VI of England from 1445 to 1471 and led the House of Lancaster in the Wars of the Roses. Due to the king's frequent bouts of insanity, Margaret virtually ruled the kingdom in lieu of her husband....
, Queen of Henry VI, as she struggled to regain her son's inheritance, and he held Denbigh Castle
Denbigh Castle

Denbigh Castle is a castle built following the 13th century conquest of Wales by King Edward I of England. It stands on a rocky promontory above the small town of Denbigh....
 for the House of Lancaster
House of Lancaster

The House of Lancaster was a branch of the royal House of Plantagenet. It was one of the opposing factions involved in the Wars of the Roses, an intermittent civil war which affected England and Wales during the 15th century....
. He also brought up his nephew, Henry Tudor, whose father had died before his birth, until 1461, when custody was taken over by William Herbert
William Herbert

William Herbert may refer to several people, including:...
. Following the return of the Yorkist king Edward IV
Edward IV of England

Edward IV was Kingdom of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death....
 from temporary exile in 1471, Jasper took the teenage Henry with him into exile, this time in Brittany
Brittany

Brittany is a former independent Celtic nations monarchy and duchy, now incorporated into France. It is also, more generally, the name of the cultural area whose limits correspond to the historic province and independent duchy....
. It was thanks to him that Henry acquired the tactical awareness that made it possible to defeat the far more experienced Richard III
Richard III of England

Richard III was List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England of Kingdom of England from 1483 until his death. He was the last king from the House of York, and his defeat at the Battle of Bosworth Field marked the culmination of the Wars of the Roses and the end of the Plantagenet dynasty....
 at the Battle of Bosworth Field
Battle of Bosworth Field

The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field was House of Lancaster Henry VII of England defeat of House of York Richard III of England, ending the Plantagenet dynasty to begin a new Tudor dynasty....
. On Henry's accession in 1485, Jasper was restored to all his former titles, including Knight of the Garter. He was made Duke of Bedford
Duke of Bedford

The titles of Earl or Duke of Bedford were created several times in the Peerage of England. It was first created for Enguerrand VII de Coucy, son-in-law of Edward III of England, in the 14th century....
. In 1488, he took possession of Cardiff Castle
Cardiff Castle

Cardiff Castle is a medieval castle and Victorian architecture Gothic revival mansion, transformed from a Norman architecture keep erected over a Roman fort in Cardiff, the Capital of Wales....
.

Marriage and children

Jasper was married on 7 November, 1485 to Catherine Woodville
Catherine Woodville

Catherine Woodville , was an English medieval nobility, best known for marrying a number of influential husbands and producing several illustrious children....
 (c. 1458 – 1509).

Catherine was the daughter of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers
Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers

Richard Woodville , 1st Earl Rivers , was an England nobleman, best remembered as the father of Elizabeth Woodville, wife of Edward IV of England....
 and Jacquetta of Luxembourg
Jacquetta of Luxembourg

Jacquetta of Luxembourg was the elder daughter of Peter I, Count of St Pol, Conversano and Brienne and his wife Margaret de Baux ....
, and thus was sister to (among others) Edward IV's queen Elizabeth Woodville
Elizabeth Woodville

Elizabeth Woodville or Wydeville was the Queen consort of King Edward IV of England from 1464 until his death in 1483....
, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers
Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers

Anthony Rivers, 2nd Earl Rivers was an English nobleman, courtier, and writer....
 and Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers
Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers

Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers succeeded his brother, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, as the third Earl Rivers. He was the son of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta of Luxembourg, and was the brother of Elizabeth Woodville, wife and Queen of King Edward IV of England....
. She was also the widow
Widow

A widow is a woman whose husband has died. A man whose wife has died is a widower. The state of having lost one's spouse to death is termed widowhood or viduity....
 of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham

Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham played a major role in Richard III of England's rise and fall. He is also one of the primary suspects in the disappearance of the Princes in the Tower....
.

They may have had one stillborn son, born c. 1490. Catherine survived Jasper and later married Sir Richard Wingfield
Richard Wingfield

Sir Richard Wingfield was an influential courtier and diplomat in the early years of the Tudor dynasty of England.He was born at Letheringham, Suffolk to Sir John Wingfield and his wife Elizabeth FitzLewis ....
 of Kimbolton Castle
Kimbolton Castle

Kimbolton Castle in Kimbolton, Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire, is best known as the final home of Henry VIII of England's first queen, Catherine of Aragon....
.

Jasper reportedly had two illegitimate daughters:
  • Helen Tudor (born c. 1459), wife of a cloth merchant
    Cloth merchant

    Cloth merchant is, strictly speaking, like a draper, the term for any vendor of cloth. However, it is generally used for one who owned and/or ran a cloth manufacturing and/or wholesale import and/or export business in the Middle Ages or 16th and 17th centuries....
     William Gardiner, sometimes spelled William Gardynyr for his Welsh descent (born c. 1450) and mother of:
    • Stephen Gardiner
      Stephen Gardiner

      Stephen Gardiner was an England Roman Catholic bishop and politician during the English Reformation period who served as Lord Chancellor during the reign of Queen Mary I of England....
      , Bishop of Winchester
      Bishop of Winchester

      The Bishop of Winchester is the head of the Church of England diocese of Winchester, with his cathedra at Winchester Cathedral in Hampshire.The bishop is one of five Church of England bishops to be a Lord Spiritual regardless of their length of service....
       (c. 1490 – 12 November, 1555)
    • Richard Gardiner, (1486 – 1548)
    • William Gardiner, (1488 – 1549)
  • Joan Tudor. Wife of William ap Yevan and reported mother of Morgan ap Williams. Morgan was later married to Catherine Cromwell, an older sister of Tudor
    Tudor dynasty

    The House of Tudor was a prominent European royal house that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms from 1485 until 1603. Founded by Henry VII of England, who, though his paternal family was Welsh people ?his grandfather was Owen Tudor? was himself also a legitimized descendent of the royal House of Lancaster....
     statesman
    Statesman

    A statesman or stateswoman or statesperson is usually a politician or other notable figure of state who has had a long and respected career in politics at the national and international level....
     Thomas Cromwell. They were fourth-generation ancestors to Oliver Cromwell
    Oliver Cromwell

    Oliver Cromwell was an English people Military history of the United Kingdom and Politics of England leader best known for his involvement in making England into a republican Commonwealth and for his later role as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland....
    .


Death and burial

He died in December, 1495, and was buried at Keynsham Abbey in Somerset
Somerset

Somerset is a Counties of England in South West England. The county town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county. The Ceremonial counties of England of Somerset borders the counties of Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west....
 which Lady Agnes Cheyne, the incumbent of Chenies Manor House
Chenies Manor House

Chenies Manor House, at Chenies, Buckinghamshire, a Grade I Listed Building, known formerly as Chenies Palace, was owned by the Cheyne family who were granted the manorial rights in 1180....
, bequeathed to him in 1494.

Titles, styles, honours and arms


Arms

Jasper bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a bordure azure with martlets or.