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Jasmine
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Jasmine (Jasminum) (from Old French Jasmine which is from the Persian yasmin, i.e. "gift from God", via Arabic ) is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family (Oleaceae),with about 200 species, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World. The majority of species grow as climbers on other plants or on structures such as chicken wire, gates or fences. The leaves can be either evergreen (green all year round) or deciduous (falling leaves in autumn).
ies include:
ine is widely cultivated for its flowers, enjoyed in the garden, as house plants, and as cut flowers.
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Jasmine (Jasminum) (from Old French Jasmine which is from the Persian yasmin, i.e. "gift from God", via Arabic ) is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family (Oleaceae),with about 200 species, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World. The majority of species grow as climbers on other plants or on structures such as chicken wire, gates or fences. The leaves can be either evergreen (green all year round) or deciduous (falling leaves in autumn).
Species
Species include:
- Jasminum dichotomum Vahl - Gold Coast Jasmine
- Jasminum grandiflorum L. - Spanish Jasmine, Royal Jasmine, Catalonian Jasmine
- Jasminum humile L.- Italian Yellow Jasmine
- Jasminum mesnyi Hance - Japanese Jasmine, Primrose Jasmine, Yellow Jasmine
- Jasminum odoratissimum L. - Yellow Jasmine
- Jasminum officinale L. Common Jasmine,Poet's Jasmine, jasmine, jessamine
- Jasminum parkeri Dunn - Dwarf Jasmine
- Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton - Arabian Jasmine
Cultivation and uses
Jasmine is widely cultivated for its flowers, enjoyed in the garden, as house plants, and as cut flowers. The flowers are worn by women in their hair in southern and southeast Asia. Many species also yield an absolute, which is used in the production of perfumes and incense.
Jasmine tisane is consumed in China, where it is called Jasmine flower tea (????; pinyin: mò lì hua chá).Jasminum sambac flowers are also used to make tea, which often has a base of green tea, but sometimes an Oolong base is used. The delicate Jasmine flower opens only at night during the full moon and is plucked in the morning when the tiny petals are tightly closed. They are then stored in a cool place until night. Between six and eight in the evening, as the temperature cools, the petals begin to open. Flowers and tea are "mated" in machines that control temperature and humidity. It takes four hours or so for the tea to absorb the fragrance and flavour of the Jasmine blossoms, and for the highest grades, this process may be repeated as many as seven times. Because the tea has absorbed moisture from the flowers, it must be refired to prevent spoilage. The spent flowers may or may not be removed from the final product, as the flowers are completely dry and contain no aroma. Giant fans are used to blow away and remove the petals from the denser tea leaves. If present, they simply add visual appeal and are no indication of the quality of the tea.
Jasmine essential oil is now commonly in use. Its flowers are either extracted by the labour-intensive method of enfleurage or through chemical extraction. The reason it is so expensive is because of the enormous amount of flowers needed to produce a small amount of oil. The flowers have to be gathered at night because the odour of jasmine is more powerful after dark. The flowers are laid out on cotton cloths soaked in olive oil for several days and then
extracted leaving the true Jasmine essence. Some of the countries producing Jasmine essential oil are India, Egypt, China and Morocco. Its chemical constituents include methyl anthranilate, indol, benzyl alcohol and linalol.
Cultural importance and other information
Jasmine is the National Flower of the following countries:
- The Philippines, where it is known as "Sampaguita", and is usually strung on garlands which are then used to adorn religious images.
- Indonesia, where the variety Jasminum sambac is the "puspa bangsa" (National Flower), and goes by the name "Melati", In the country, especially the island of Java, it is the most important flower in wedding ceremonies for ethnic Indonesians.
- Pakistan, where Jasminum officinale is known as the "Chambeli" or "Yasmine" is the national flower.
In Syria, it is the symbolic flower of Damascus, which is called the City of Jasmines. In Sanskrit it is called "Mallika". It is called "Chameli" in Hindi.
Jasmine is cultivated at Pangala, in Karnataka, India, and exported to Middle Eastern countries. '
J. fluminense is an invasive species in Hawaii, where it is sometimes known by the inaccurate name "Brazilian Jasmine". J. dichotomum is also invasive in Florida.
In Thailand, jasmine flowers are used as a symbol of the mother.
In Okinawa Japan Jasmine Tea is known as Sanpin Cha.
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