Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Encyclopedia
The , or JASDF, is the aviation
branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces
responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace
and other aerospace operations. The JASDF carries out combat air patrols around Japan
, while also maintaining an extensive network of ground and air early warning radar
systems. The branch also has an aerobatic team known as Blue Impulse
and has recently been involved in providing air transport in several UN
peacekeeping missions.
The JASDF has an estimated 45,000 personnel in 2005. As of 2010, the JASDF operates 805 aircraft, 374 of them being fighter aircraft.
, Japan did not have a separate air force
. Aviation operations were carried out by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
and the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
. Following World War II the Imperial Japanese Army
and Navy
were dissolved and replaced by the JSDF with the passing of the 1954 Self-Defense Forces Law with the JASDF as the aviation branch.
The Air Defense Command has northern, central, and western regional headquarters located at Misawa
, Iruma, and Kasuga, respectively and the Southwestern Composite Air Division based at Naha on Okinawa. All four regional headquarters control surface-to-air missile units of both the JASDF and the JGSDF located in their respective areas.
installations and air defense
direction centers throughout the country known as the Basic Air Defense Ground Environment. In the late 1980s, the system was modernized and augmented with E-2C Hawkeye
airborne early warning aircraft.
The nation relies on fighter-interceptor aircraft
and surface-to-air missile
s to intercept hostile aircraft. Both of these systems were improved from the beginning of the late 1980s. Outmoded aircraft were replaced in the early 1990s with more sophisticated models, and Nike-J missiles have been replaced with the modern Patriot PAC-2 system.
The JASDF also provides air support for ground and sea operations of the JGSDF
and the JMSDF
and air defense for bases of all the forces. Although support fighter squadrons started being modernized in 1989, they lacked precision-guided weapons for support of ground operations and attacks on hostile ships, and JASDF pilots receive little flight training over oceans to prepare for maritime operations. Base defenses were upgraded in the late 1980s with new surface-to-air missiles, modern antiaircraft artillery and new fixed and mobile aircraft shelters.
The JASDF is not allowed to have strategic bombers for that would go against the self defense–only policy.
See also List of military aircraft of Japan
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The JASDF operates 805 aircraft, of which 374 are fighter aircraft.
Aviation
Aviation is the design, development, production, operation, and use of aircraft, especially heavier-than-air aircraft. Aviation is derived from avis, the Latin word for bird.-History:...
branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces
Japan Self-Defense Forces
The , or JSDF, occasionally referred to as JSF or SDF, are the unified military forces of Japan that were established after the end of the post–World War II Allied occupation of Japan. For most of the post-war period the JSDF was confined to the islands of Japan and not permitted to be deployed...
responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace
Airspace
Airspace means the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a country above its territory, including its territorial waters or, more generally, any specific three-dimensional portion of the atmosphere....
and other aerospace operations. The JASDF carries out combat air patrols around Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, while also maintaining an extensive network of ground and air early warning radar
Radar
Radar is an object-detection system which uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio...
systems. The branch also has an aerobatic team known as Blue Impulse
Blue Impulse
, or 11 Squadron, is the aerobatic demonstration team of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. Originally founded in 1960 as a team of six F-86 Sabres, the team switched to the Mitsubishi T-2 in 1980 and then to the Kawasaki T-4 in 1995...
and has recently been involved in providing air transport in several UN
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
peacekeeping missions.
The JASDF has an estimated 45,000 personnel in 2005. As of 2010, the JASDF operates 805 aircraft, 374 of them being fighter aircraft.
Formation
Before forming the Japanese Self-Defense Forces after World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, Japan did not have a separate air force
Air force
An air force, also known in some countries as an air army, is in the broadest sense, the national military organization that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nation's armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an army, navy or...
. Aviation operations were carried out by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
The , was the land-based aviation force of the Imperial Japanese Army. As with the IJA itself, the IJAAF was developed along the lines of Imperial German Army Aviation so its primary mission was to provide tactical close air support for ground troops while maintaining a limited air interdiction...
and the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
The Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service was the air arm of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, the organization was responsible for the operation of naval aircraft and the conduct of aerial warfare in the Pacific War.It was controlled by the Navy Staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy and...
. Following World War II the Imperial Japanese Army
Imperial Japanese Army
-Foundation:During the Meiji Restoration, the military forces loyal to the Emperor were samurai drawn primarily from the loyalist feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū...
and Navy
Imperial Japanese Navy
The Imperial Japanese Navy was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1869 until 1947, when it was dissolved following Japan's constitutional renunciation of the use of force as a means of settling international disputes...
were dissolved and replaced by the JSDF with the passing of the 1954 Self-Defense Forces Law with the JASDF as the aviation branch.
Organization
Major units of the JASDF are the Air Defense Command, Air Support Command, Air Training Command, Air Development and Test Command, and Air Materiel Command. The Air Support Command is responsible for direct support of operational forces in rescue, transportation, control, weather monitoring and inspection. The Air Training Command is responsible for basic flying and technical training. The Air Development and Test Command, in addition to overseeing equipment research and development, is also responsible for research and development in such areas as flight medicine.The Air Defense Command has northern, central, and western regional headquarters located at Misawa
Misawa Air Base
right|thumb|A US Navy C-2 at Misawa is a United States military facility located northeast of the railway station in Misawa, west of the Pacific Ocean, northeast of Towada, northwest of Hachinohe, and north of Tokyo, in Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region in the northern part of the...
, Iruma, and Kasuga, respectively and the Southwestern Composite Air Division based at Naha on Okinawa. All four regional headquarters control surface-to-air missile units of both the JASDF and the JGSDF located in their respective areas.
- Prime Minister of JapanPrime Minister of JapanThe is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
- Minister of Defense
- JASDF Chief of Staff / Air Staff Office
- Air Defense Command: FuchuFuchu, Tokyois a city located in western Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 255,394 and a population density of 8,700 persons per km². The total area was 29.34 km²...
, TokyoTokyo, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
- Northern Air Defense Force: MisawaMisawa-Surname:* Mitsuharu Misawa, professional wrestler also known by the given name of Mitsuhara* Bastion Misawa, a fictional character also known by the given name Daichi-Places:...
, AomoriAomori Prefectureis a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku Region. The capital is the city of Aomori.- History :Until the Meiji Restoration, the area of Aomori prefecture was known as Mutsu Province....
- 2nd Air Wing (Chitose Air BaseChitose Air Base, is a Japan Air Self-Defense Force base located in Chitose, Hokkaidō, adjacent to New Chitose Airport. It is the JASDF's primary base in northern Japan and tasked with monitoring Japan's maritime borders with Russia. It was also Hokkaidō's primary civilian airport until the opening of New Chitose...
: 201SQ, F-15J/DJMitsubishi F-15JThe Mitsubishi F-15J/DJ Eagle is a twin-engine, all-weather interceptor fighter based on the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle in use by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force . It was produced under license by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The subsequent F-15DJ and F-15J Kai variants were also produced. Japan...
, T-4; 203SQ, F-15J/DJ, T-4) - 3rd Air Wing (Misawa Air BaseMisawa Air Baseright|thumb|A US Navy C-2 at Misawa is a United States military facility located northeast of the railway station in Misawa, west of the Pacific Ocean, northeast of Towada, northwest of Hachinohe, and north of Tokyo, in Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region in the northern part of the...
: 3SQ, F-2A/BMitsubishi F-2The Mitsubishi F-2 is a multirole fighter manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Lockheed Martin for the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, with a 60/40 split in manufacturing between Japan and the USA. Production started in 1996 and the first aircraft entered service in 2000. The first 76...
T-4; 8SQ, F-2A/B, T-4) - Northern Aircraft Control & Warning Wing
- 3rd Air Defense Missile Group
- 6th Air Defense Missile Group
- 2nd Air Wing (Chitose Air Base
- Central Air Defense Force: IrumaIruma, Saitamais a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, near Tokyo.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 149,269 and a population density of 3,340 persons per km². The total area is 44.74 km². The city consists of 6 areas, Toyooka, Kaneko, Higashikaneko, Fujisawa, Miyadera-Nihongi, and...
, SaitamaSaitama Prefectureis a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of the island of Honshu. The capital is the city of Saitama.This prefecture is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, and most of Saitama's cities can be described as suburbs of Tokyo, to which a large amount of residents commute each day.- History...
- 6th Air Wing (Komatsu Air BaseKomatsu Airportis an airport located west southwest of Komatsu Station in the city of Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. It serves the southern Ishikawa Prefecture including the capital Kanazawa , and the northern Fukui Prefecture including the capital Fukui.- Overview :Japan Air Self-Defense Force Komatsu...
: 303SQ, F-15J/DJ, T-4; 306SQ, F-15J/DJ, T-4) - 7th Air Wing (Hyakuri Air BaseHyakuri AirfieldIbaraki Airport is an airport in the city of Omitama, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. It also serves as air base for the Japan Air Self-Defense Force under the name Hyakuri Air Base. The airport was known as prior to March 2010, when civil aviation operations began...
: 302SQ, F-4EJ-Kai, T-4; 305SQ, F-15J/DJ, T-4) - Middle Aircraft Control & Warning Wing
- 1st Air Defense Missile Group
- 4th Air Defense Missile Group
- Iwo JimaIwo JimaIwo Jima, officially , is an island of the Japanese Volcano Islands chain, which lie south of the Ogasawara Islands and together with them form the Ogasawara Archipelago. The island is located south of mainland Tokyo and administered as part of Ogasawara, one of eight villages of Tokyo...
Air Base Group
- 6th Air Wing (Komatsu Air Base
- Western Air Defense Force: KasugaKasuga, Fukuokais a city located in Fukuoka, Japan.As of 2008, the city has an estimated population of 107,604 and the density of 7,600 persons per km². The total area is 14.15 km². The city was founded on April 1, 1972. It is directly south of Fukuoka City, and west of Onojo. It also has a border with Nakagawa...
, FukuokaFukuoka Prefectureis a prefecture of Japan located on Kyūshū Island. The capital is the city of Fukuoka.- History :Fukuoka Prefecture includes the former provinces of Chikugo, Chikuzen, and Buzen....
- 5th Air Wing (Nyutabaru Air BaseNyutabaru Air Baseis a military aerodrome of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It is located north of Miyazaki in the Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan....
: 301SQ, F-4EJ-Kai, T-4) - 8th Air Wing (Tsuiki Air Base: 304SQ, F-15J/DJ, T-4; 6SQ, F-2A/B, T-4)
- Western Aircraft Control & Warning Wing
- 2nd Air Defense Missile Group
- 5th Air Wing (Nyutabaru Air Base
- Southwestern Composite Air Division: NahaNaha, Okinawais the capital city of the Japanese prefecture of Okinawa.Naha is a coastal city located on the East China Sea coast of the southern part of Okinawa Island, the largest of the Ryukyu Islands...
, OkinawaOkinawa Prefectureis one of Japan's southern prefectures. It consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over long, which extends southwest from Kyūshū to Taiwan. Okinawa's capital, Naha, is located in the southern part of Okinawa Island...
- 83d Air Wing (Naha Air BaseNaha Air BaseNaha Air Base is an airbase of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It was formerly under control of the United States Air Force. It is located at Naha Airport, Okinawa, Japan....
: 204SQ, F-15J/DJ, T-4) - Southwestern Aircraft Control & Warning Group
- 5th Air Defense Missile Group
- 83d Air Wing (Naha Air Base
- Airborne Early Warning Group: Misawa Air Base(E-2C), Hamamatsu Air Base(E-767)
- Tactical Reconnaissance Group: Hyakuri Air Base(RF-4EF-4 Phantom IIThe McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II is a tandem two-seat, twin-engined, all-weather, long-range supersonic jet interceptor fighter/fighter-bomber originally developed for the United States Navy by McDonnell Aircraft. It first entered service in 1960 with the U.S. Navy. Proving highly adaptable,...
, RF-4EJ) - Tactical Fighter Training Group: Nyutabaru Air Base(F-15DJ/J, T-4)
- Air Defense Missile Training Group: Hamamatsu, Chitose
- Air Defense Command Headquarters Flight Group (Iruma Air BaseIruma Air Baseis a Japan Air Self-Defense Force base located in the city of Sayama, Saitama Prefecture, north of western Tokyo, Japan.Iruma Air Base is currently home to the Air Defense Command Headquarters Flight Group...
: U-4Gulfstream G400/G450The Gulfstream IV and derivatives are a family of twin-jet aircraft, mainly for private or business use. The aircraft was designed and built by Gulfstream Aerospace, a General Dynamics company based in Savannah, Georgia, United States from 1985 until 2003.-Design and development:Gulfstream, in...
, YS-11EA,YS-11EB, T-4, EC-1)
- Northern Air Defense Force: Misawa
- Air Defense Command: Fuchu
- Air Support Command: FuchuFuchu, Tokyois a city located in western Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 255,394 and a population density of 8,700 persons per km². The total area was 29.34 km²...
, TokyoTokyo, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
- Air Rescue Wing (UH-60J, U-125A, CH-47J, KV-107)
- 1st Tactical Airlift Wing (Komaki Air Base: 401SQ, C-130H; 404SQ, KC-767J)
- 2nd Tactical Airlift Wing (Iruma Air BaseIruma Air Baseis a Japan Air Self-Defense Force base located in the city of Sayama, Saitama Prefecture, north of western Tokyo, Japan.Iruma Air Base is currently home to the Air Defense Command Headquarters Flight Group...
: 402SQ, C-1Kawasaki C-1|-See also:-References:* Taylor, John W.R. . Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976-77. London:Jane's Yearbooks, 1976, ISBN 0-354-00538-3....
, U-4) - 3rd Tactical Airlift Wing (Miho Air Base: 403SQ, C-1,YS-11NT/P; 41SQ, T-400)
- Air Traffic Control Service Group
- Air Weather Service Group
- Flight Check Squadron (Iruma Air Base: U-125,YS-11FC)
- Special Airlift Group (Chitose Air BaseChitose Air Base, is a Japan Air Self-Defense Force base located in Chitose, Hokkaidō, adjacent to New Chitose Airport. It is the JASDF's primary base in northern Japan and tasked with monitoring Japan's maritime borders with Russia. It was also Hokkaidō's primary civilian airport until the opening of New Chitose...
: B747-400Boeing 747The Boeing 747 is a wide-body commercial airliner and cargo transport, often referred to by its original nickname, Jumbo Jet, or Queen of the Skies. It is among the world's most recognizable aircraft, and was the first wide-body ever produced...
)
- Air Training Command: HamamatsuHamamatsu, Shizuokais a city located in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. On July 1, 2005, the city merged with 11 surrounding cities and towns. It became a city designated by government ordinance on April 1, 2007.- History :...
, ShizuokaShizuoka Prefectureis a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region on Honshu island. The capital is the city of Shizuoka.- History :Shizuoka prefecture was formed from the former Tōtōmi, Suruga and Izu provinces.The area was the home of the first Tokugawa Shogun...
- 1st Air Wing (Hamamatsu Air BaseHamamatsu Air Baseis a Japan Air Self-Defense Force base located north of the city of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, in central Japan.-History:Hamamatsu Air Base was established in 1925 as an Imperial Japanese Army Air Force base to be home to the newly-formed IJAAF No.7 Air Regiment. In 1933, it was designated as...
: 31SQ, T-4; 32SQ, T-4) - 4th Air Wing (Matsushima Air Base: 21SQ, F-2BMitsubishi F-2The Mitsubishi F-2 is a multirole fighter manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Lockheed Martin for the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, with a 60/40 split in manufacturing between Japan and the USA. Production started in 1996 and the first aircraft entered service in 2000. The first 76...
; 11SQ, T-4 Blue ImpulseBlue Impulse, or 11 Squadron, is the aerobatic demonstration team of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. Originally founded in 1960 as a team of six F-86 Sabres, the team switched to the Mitsubishi T-2 in 1980 and then to the Kawasaki T-4 in 1995...
) - 11th Flying Training Wing (Shizuhama Air BaseShizuhama Air Baseis a Japan Air Self-Defense Force base located in the city of Yaizu, Shizuoka Prefecture, in central Japan. It is the smallest air base in Japan with a functional runway.-History:...
: 1SQ, T-7Fuji T-7|-See also:-Bibliography:*Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.* Jeziorski, Andrzej. "". Flight International, 28 March – 3 April 2000, p.20....
; 2SQ, T-7) - 12th Flying Training Wing (Hofu kita Air BaseHōfu Air Fieldis a military aerodrome of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force . It is located southwest of Hōfu in the Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.-History:Hōfu Airfield's origins appear to begin as a World War II airfield, as its runway pattern is indicative of wartime fields built in that era...
: 1SQ, T-7; 2SQ, T-7) - 13th Flying Training Wing (Ashiya Air BaseAshiya Air Fieldis a military aerodrome of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force . It is located north of Ashiya in the Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.-History:Ashiya Airfield was established as a Japanese Army Air Force facility in 1944, and was used primarily as a defensive airfield, launching interceptors against...
: 1SQ, T-4; 2SQ, T-4) - Air Basic Training Wing
- Flying Training Squadron (Nyutabaru Air Base: F-15DJ/J,T-4)
- Air Training Aids Group
- Air Officer Candidate School
- 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th & 5th Technical School
- 1st Air Wing (Hamamatsu Air Base
- Air Development and Test Command: Iruma Air Base, SaitamaSaitama Prefectureis a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of the island of Honshu. The capital is the city of Saitama.This prefecture is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, and most of Saitama's cities can be described as suburbs of Tokyo, to which a large amount of residents commute each day.- History...
- Air Development and Test Wing (Gifu Air BaseGifu Air Fieldis a military aerodrome of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force . It is located in Kakamigahara City, east of Gifu in the Gifu Prefecture, Japan.- Units :* Air Defense Command** Central Air Defense Force*** 4th Air Defence Missile Group**** 13th Fire Unit...
: F-15J/DJ, F-2A/B, C-1FTB, F-4EJ, F-4EJ-kai, T-7, T-4) - Electronics Development and Test Group
- Aeromedical Laboratory
- Air Development and Test Wing (Gifu Air Base
- Air Material Command: Jujou, TokyoTokyo, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
- 1st, 2nd, 3rd & 4th Air Depot
- Air Staff College
- Air Communications and Systems Wing
- Aerosafety Service Group
- Central Air Base Group
- Others
- JASDF Chief of Staff / Air Staff Office
- Minister of Defense
Equipment
The JASDF maintains an integrated network of radarRadar
Radar is an object-detection system which uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio...
installations and air defense
Anti-aircraft warfare
NATO defines air defence as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground and air based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures. It may be to protect naval, ground and air forces...
direction centers throughout the country known as the Basic Air Defense Ground Environment. In the late 1980s, the system was modernized and augmented with E-2C Hawkeye
E-2 Hawkeye
The Grumman E-2 Hawkeye is an American all-weather, aircraft carrier-capable tactical airborne early warning aircraft. This twin-turboprop aircraft was designed and developed during the late 1950s and early 1960s by the Grumman Aircraft Company for the United States Navy as a replacement for the...
airborne early warning aircraft.
The nation relies on fighter-interceptor aircraft
Interceptor aircraft
An interceptor aircraft is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to prevent missions of enemy aircraft, particularly bombers and reconnaissance aircraft. Interceptors generally rely on high speed and powerful armament in order to complete their mission as quickly as possible and set up...
and surface-to-air missile
Surface-to-air missile
A surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
s to intercept hostile aircraft. Both of these systems were improved from the beginning of the late 1980s. Outmoded aircraft were replaced in the early 1990s with more sophisticated models, and Nike-J missiles have been replaced with the modern Patriot PAC-2 system.
The JASDF also provides air support for ground and sea operations of the JGSDF
Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
The , or JGSDF, is the army of Japan. The largest of the three services of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, the Ground Self-Defense Force operates under the command of the chief of the ground staff, based in the city of Ichigaya, Tokyo. The present chief of ground staff is General Yoshifumi Hibako...
and the JMSDF
Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
The , or JMSDF, is the naval branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. It was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy after World War II....
and air defense for bases of all the forces. Although support fighter squadrons started being modernized in 1989, they lacked precision-guided weapons for support of ground operations and attacks on hostile ships, and JASDF pilots receive little flight training over oceans to prepare for maritime operations. Base defenses were upgraded in the late 1980s with new surface-to-air missiles, modern antiaircraft artillery and new fixed and mobile aircraft shelters.
The JASDF is not allowed to have strategic bombers for that would go against the self defense–only policy.
See also List of military aircraft of Japan
Aircraft inventory