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Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty

 

 
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Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty
 
 
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The Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty was signed on August 22, 1910 by the representatives of the Korean
Korean Empire

The Greater Korean Empire was a former empire of Korea that succeded the Joseon Dynasty that ruled the nation over the past 500 years.In 1897, Emperor Gojong of Korea proclaimed the new entity at Deoksugung Palace and oversaw the partially successful modernization of the military, economy, real property laws, education system, and various...
 and Japanese Imperial Government
Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
s, and was proclaimed to the public (and became effective) on August 29, officially starting the period of Japanese rule
Korea under Japanese rule

Korea was under Japanese rule as part of the Imperial Japan during the first half of the 20th century, until the surrender of Japan in 1945. Korea was occupied and declared a Japanese protectorate in 1905 , and officially annexation in 1910 through an Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty....
 in Korea. The treaty
Treaty

A Treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. A Treaty may also be known as: agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, exchange of letters, etc....
 had eight articles, the first being: "His Majesty the Emperor of Korea makes the complete and permanent cession to His Majesty the Emperor of Japan
Emperor of Japan

The of Japan is the symbol of the state and of the unity of the Japanese people. He is the head of the Imperial House of Japan. Under Japan's present constitution, the Emperor is the "symbol of the state and the unity of the people," and is a ceremonial figurehead in a constitutional monarchy ....
 of all rights of sovereignty over the whole of Korea."

In modern Korea, the treaty is also commonly called "Hanil Hapbang Neugyak (?? ?? ??)," which simply means a coerced (and hence invalid) treaty ("neugyak") of Korea's annexation to Japan.






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The Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty was signed on August 22, 1910 by the representatives of the Korean
Korean Empire

The Greater Korean Empire was a former empire of Korea that succeded the Joseon Dynasty that ruled the nation over the past 500 years.In 1897, Emperor Gojong of Korea proclaimed the new entity at Deoksugung Palace and oversaw the partially successful modernization of the military, economy, real property laws, education system, and various...
 and Japanese Imperial Government
Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
s, and was proclaimed to the public (and became effective) on August 29, officially starting the period of Japanese rule
Korea under Japanese rule

Korea was under Japanese rule as part of the Imperial Japan during the first half of the 20th century, until the surrender of Japan in 1945. Korea was occupied and declared a Japanese protectorate in 1905 , and officially annexation in 1910 through an Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty....
 in Korea. The treaty
Treaty

A Treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. A Treaty may also be known as: agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, exchange of letters, etc....
 had eight articles, the first being: "His Majesty the Emperor of Korea makes the complete and permanent cession to His Majesty the Emperor of Japan
Emperor of Japan

The of Japan is the symbol of the state and of the unity of the Japanese people. He is the head of the Imperial House of Japan. Under Japan's present constitution, the Emperor is the "symbol of the state and the unity of the people," and is a ceremonial figurehead in a constitutional monarchy ....
 of all rights of sovereignty over the whole of Korea."

In modern Korea, the treaty is also commonly called "Hanil Hapbang Neugyak (?? ?? ??)," which simply means a coerced (and hence invalid) treaty ("neugyak") of Korea's annexation to Japan. The event itself is also called "Gyeongsul Gukchi (???? ????)," which means "the humiliation of the nation in the Year of the Dog
Dog (zodiac)

The Dog is one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. The Year of the Dog is associated with the earthly branches symbol wikt:?....
." The day it happened, August 29, is remembered today as "Gukchi-il," that is, "the day of national shame."

Legality

The legality of the Treaty was disputed by the exiled Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea

The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was a government in exile based in Shanghai, China and later in Chongqing, during the Korea under Japanese rule....
 as well as the modern Republic of Korea; a position which also adopted later by the Allied forces
Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers of World War II during the World War II. Within the ranks of the Allies powers, the British Empire, the Soviet Union, and the United States of America were known as "The Big Three"....
 that occupied the Empire of Japan
Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
 after World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
. While the treaty was affixed with the national seal of the Korean Empire, Emperor Sunjong of Korea
Sunjong of Korea

Sunjong, the Yunghui Emperor was the last emperor of the Joseon Dynasty and Korean Empire in Korea, ruling from 1907 until 1910.He is the fourth son of Gojong of the Korean Empire....
, refused to sign the treaty as required under Korean law. The treaty was instead signed by Prime Minister Lee Wan-Yong
Lee Wan-Yong

Lee Wan-Yong was a Chinilpa minister of the Korea, who signed the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty, which placed Korea under Korea under Japanese rule in 1910....
 of Korea and Resident General
Governor-General of Korea

The post of Governor-General of Korea served as the chief administrator of the Japanese government in Korea while it was held as the Japanese colony of Korea under Japanese rule from 1910 to 1945....
 Count Terauchi Masatake
Terauchi Masatake

Field Marshal Count , Order of the Bath was Field Marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and the 18th Prime Minister of Japan from 9 October 1916 to 29 September 1918....
 of Japan.

The 1965 Treaty of Basic Relations
Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea

The Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea was signed on June 22, 1965 to establish basic Japan-Korea relations Japan and the South Korea ....
 between South Korea and Japan declared that

It is confirmed that all treaties or agreements concluded between the Empire of Japan and the Empire of Korea on or before August 22, 1910 are already null and void.


Due to ambiguities in the wording in the Japanese language
Japanese language

IPA: [n?iho?go] is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is related to the Ryukyuan languages....
, Japan interprets the above clause to mean that the 1910 Treaty was still valid until the signing of the 1965 Treaty, whereas both South and North Korea interpret the clause to mean the treaty was already null and void at the surrender of Japan
Surrender of Japan

The surrender of Japan in August 1945 brought World War II to a close. On August 10, 1945, after the Soviet Union Soviet invasion of Manchuria and the United States atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan's leaders at the Supreme War Council decided, in principle, to accept the terms the Allies of World War II had set down...
, an interpretation which is upheld in the English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
 text, of which the final paragraph of the 1965 Treaty agrees should be used in case of any conflict of interpretation.

See also

  • Annexation
    Annexation

    Annexation is the legal incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity . Usually, it is implied that the territory and population being annexed is the smaller, more peripheral, and weaker of the two merging entities....
  • Eulsa Treaty
    Eulsa Treaty

    The Eulsa Treaty or Japan-Korea Protectorate Treaty was made between the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire on 17 November 1905, influenced by the result of the Russo-Japanese War....
  • Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty of 1907
    Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty of 1907

    The was concluded on 24 July 1907, between the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire.The Korean Empire had become a protectorate of Japan under the terms of the earlier Eulsa Treaty on 1905, and had thus lost the right to conduct diplomatic exchanges with other countries....
  • Unequal Treaties
    Unequal Treaties

    Unequal Treaties is a term used in reference to the type of treaties signed by several East Asian states, including Qing Dynasty China, late Tokugawa shogunate Japan, and late Joseon Dynasty Korea, with Western world and the post-Meiji Restoration Empire of Japan, during the 19th and early 20th centuries....
  • List of Korea-related topics
    List of Korea-related topics

    This is a list of articles on Korea-related people, places, things, and concepts. For help on how to use this list, see the #Introduction below....
  • Korea under Japanese rule
    Korea under Japanese rule

    Korea was under Japanese rule as part of the Imperial Japan during the first half of the 20th century, until the surrender of Japan in 1945. Korea was occupied and declared a Japanese protectorate in 1905 , and officially annexation in 1910 through an Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty....


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