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Jani Beg (? — 1357) was a khan of the Golden Horde
Golden Horde

The Golden Horde is a East-Slavic designation for the Mongol?later Turkic languages?Muslim khanate established in the western part of the Mongol Empire after the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the 1240s: present-day Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus....
 from 1342-1357, succeeding his father Uzbeg Khan
Uzbeg Khan

Sultan Mohammed ?z-Beg, better known as Uzbeg or Ozbeg , was the longest-reigning Khan of the Golden Horde, under whose rule the state reached its zenith....
.

After putting two of his brothers to death, Jani Beg crowned himself in Saray-Jük
Saray-Jük

Saray-J?k or Saraychyq was a medieval city on the border between Europe and Asia in the 10th-16th centuries. It was located on the Ural River, modern Kazakhstan, Atyrau Oblysy, near Sarayshyq village, 50 km above Atyrau....
. He is known to have actively interfered in the affairs of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n principalities and Lithuania
Lithuania

Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest....
. The Grand Prince
Grand Prince

The title Grand Prince or Great Prince ranked in honour below emperor and tsar and above a sovereign prince .Grand Duke is the usual and established, though not literal, translation of these terms in English and Romance languages, which do not normally use separate words for a "prince" who reigns as a monarchy had been for centurie...
s of Moscow
Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
, Simeon Gordiy
Simeon of Russia

Simeon Ivanovich Gordyi , was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir. Simeon continued Ivan I of Moscow's policies of supporting the Golden Horde and acting as its leading enforcer in Russia....
, and Ivan II
Ivan II of Russia

Ivan II Ivanovich the Fair was the second son of Ivan Kalita who succeeded his brother Semeon of Russia, who died of the Black Death, as Grand Duchy of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1353....
, were under constant political and military pressure from Jani Beg.






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Taidula
Jani Beg (? — 1357) was a khan of the Golden Horde
Golden Horde

The Golden Horde is a East-Slavic designation for the Mongol?later Turkic languages?Muslim khanate established in the western part of the Mongol Empire after the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the 1240s: present-day Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus....
 from 1342-1357, succeeding his father Uzbeg Khan
Uzbeg Khan

Sultan Mohammed ?z-Beg, better known as Uzbeg or Ozbeg , was the longest-reigning Khan of the Golden Horde, under whose rule the state reached its zenith....
.

After putting two of his brothers to death, Jani Beg crowned himself in Saray-Jük
Saray-Jük

Saray-J?k or Saraychyq was a medieval city on the border between Europe and Asia in the 10th-16th centuries. It was located on the Ural River, modern Kazakhstan, Atyrau Oblysy, near Sarayshyq village, 50 km above Atyrau....
. He is known to have actively interfered in the affairs of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n principalities and Lithuania
Lithuania

Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest....
. The Grand Prince
Grand Prince

The title Grand Prince or Great Prince ranked in honour below emperor and tsar and above a sovereign prince .Grand Duke is the usual and established, though not literal, translation of these terms in English and Romance languages, which do not normally use separate words for a "prince" who reigns as a monarchy had been for centurie...
s of Moscow
Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
, Simeon Gordiy
Simeon of Russia

Simeon Ivanovich Gordyi , was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir. Simeon continued Ivan I of Moscow's policies of supporting the Golden Horde and acting as its leading enforcer in Russia....
, and Ivan II
Ivan II of Russia

Ivan II Ivanovich the Fair was the second son of Ivan Kalita who succeeded his brother Semeon of Russia, who died of the Black Death, as Grand Duchy of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1353....
, were under constant political and military pressure from Jani Beg. In order to strengthen his power in the Horde, Jani Beg forced Islam
Islam

Islam is a Monotheism, Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of the Prophets of Islam Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure....
 upon his subjects.

Jani Beg commanded a massive Crimean Tatar force that attacked the Crimean port city of Kaffa in 1343. The siege was uplifted by an Italian relief force in February, 1344, resulting in 15,000 Mongol
Mongols

The name Mongol specifies one or several ethnic groups, now mainly located in Mongolia, China, and Russia....
 deaths and the survivors fleeing east. He returned in 1345 and besieged Kaffa a second time. The next year, however, the Mongols became infected with the Black Plague and gave up the siege.

In 1356, Jani Beg conducted a military campaign in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus, located partially in Eastern Europe and partially in Western Asia....
 and conquered Tabriz
Tabriz

Tabriz is the largest city in northwestern Iran. It is situated north of the volcanic cone of Sahand, south of the Eynali mountain. It is the capital of East Azarbaijan Province....
, installing his own governor there. He also asserted Jochid dominance over the Chagatai Khanate
Chagatai Khanate

The Chagatai Khanate was a Mongol, and later linguistically Turkic languages, khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan , second son of the Great Khan Genghis Khan, and his descendents and successors....
, attempting to unite 3 khanate
Khanate

Khanate or Chanat is a Turkic language-originated word used to describe a political entity ruled by a Khan . In modern Turkish the word used is hanlik, and in Azeri, xanliq....
s of the Mongol Empire
Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
. Soon after this, there was an uprising in Tabriz
Tabriz

Tabriz is the largest city in northwestern Iran. It is situated north of the volcanic cone of Sahand, south of the Eynali mountain. It is the capital of East Azarbaijan Province....
. As a result, the power was transferred to the Jalayirid dynasty, an offshoot of Ilkhanate
Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate , was a Mongol khanate established in Persia in the 13th century, considered a part of the Mongol Empire....
, which had been hostile towards Jani Beg. At the same time, Chudov Monastery was founded by Metropolitan Aleksii and Sergei Radonezh. Interestingly the ground was given to the Metropolitan by the Tatar Khan Janibeg as a result of Aleksii's curing Janibeg's wife, Taidula, of blindness.

During Jani Beg's reign, the Golden Horde started showing signs of feudal division. Jani Beg's assassination in 1357 opened a quarter-century of political turmoil in the Golden Horde. Twenty-five khans succeeded each other between 1357 and 1378.

See also

  • List of Khans of the Golden Horde
    List of Khans of the Golden Horde

    This is an incomplete list of Khans of the White Horde, Blue Horde, Golden Horde and of the Great Horde . Khans of the Blue Horde are listed as the main constituent part of the Golden Horde, although the Khan's of the Golden Horde were actually descended from Khans of the White Horde....