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Jan Janský
 
 
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Prof. MUDr. Jan Janský (April 3 1873, Prague
Prague

Prague is the Capital and World's largest cities of the Czech Republic. Its official name is Hlavn? mesto Praha, meaning Prague, the Capital City....
 – September 8 1921, Cernošice near Prague) was a Czech serologist
Serology

Serology is the scientific study of Blood plasma. In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of Antibody in the serum....
, neurologist
Neurology

Neurology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and...
 and psychiatrist
Psychiatry

Psychiatry is a Medicine Specialty devoted to the Treatment of mental disorders, Biomedical research and Prevention of mental disorder. The term was first coined by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in 1808....
. He is credited with the first classification of blood
Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells....
 into the four types
Blood type

A blood type is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of Inheritance antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells ....
 (A, B, AB, O) of the ABO blood group system
ABO blood group system

The ABO blood group system is the most important blood type system in human blood transfusion. The associated anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies are usually IgM antibodies, which are usually produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental substances such as food, bacteria and viruses....
.

Janský studied medicine
Medicine

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
 at Charles University in Prague
Charles University in Prague

Charles University in Prague is the oldest and largest university in the Czech Republic. Being founded in 1347, it was the first one in the Holy Roman Empire and in Central Europe in general....
. From 1899 he worked in a psychiatric clinic in Prague. In 1914 he was named professor
Professor

The meaning of the word professor varies. In some English-speaking countries, it refers to a senior academic who holds a departmental chair, especially as head of the Academic department, or a personal chair awarded specifically to that individual....
. During World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 Janský served two years as a doctor at the front until a heart attack disabled him.






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Prof. MUDr. Jan Janský (April 3 1873, Prague
Prague

Prague is the Capital and World's largest cities of the Czech Republic. Its official name is Hlavn? mesto Praha, meaning Prague, the Capital City....
 – September 8 1921, Cernošice near Prague) was a Czech serologist
Serology

Serology is the scientific study of Blood plasma. In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of Antibody in the serum....
, neurologist
Neurology

Neurology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and...
 and psychiatrist
Psychiatry

Psychiatry is a Medicine Specialty devoted to the Treatment of mental disorders, Biomedical research and Prevention of mental disorder. The term was first coined by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in 1808....
. He is credited with the first classification of blood
Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells....
 into the four types
Blood type

A blood type is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of Inheritance antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells ....
 (A, B, AB, O) of the ABO blood group system
ABO blood group system

The ABO blood group system is the most important blood type system in human blood transfusion. The associated anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies are usually IgM antibodies, which are usually produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental substances such as food, bacteria and viruses....
.

Janský studied medicine
Medicine

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
 at Charles University in Prague
Charles University in Prague

Charles University in Prague is the oldest and largest university in the Czech Republic. Being founded in 1347, it was the first one in the Holy Roman Empire and in Central Europe in general....
. From 1899 he worked in a psychiatric clinic in Prague. In 1914 he was named professor
Professor

The meaning of the word professor varies. In some English-speaking countries, it refers to a senior academic who holds a departmental chair, especially as head of the Academic department, or a personal chair awarded specifically to that individual....
. During World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 Janský served two years as a doctor at the front until a heart attack disabled him. After the war he worked as a neuropsychiatrist in a military Hospital (Vojenská nemocnice). He had angina pectoralis and died of ischaemic heart disease.

Janský was also a proponent of voluntary blood donation
Blood donation

A blood donation is when a healthy person free will has blood drawn. The blood is used for blood transfusion or made into medications by a process called fractionation#Plasma protein fractionation....
s.

Classification


Through his psychiatric research, Janský tried to find a correlation between mental diseases and blood diseases. He found no such correlation existed and published a study, Hematologická studie u psychotiku (1907, Hematological study of psychotics), in which he classified blood into four groups I, II, III, IV. At the time this discovery passed almost unnoticed. In 1921 an American medical commission acknowledged Janský's classification (over that of Karl Landsteiner
Karl Landsteiner

Karl Landsteiner , was an Austrian biologist and physician. He is noted for his development in 1901 of the modern system of classification of Blood type from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the blood, and in 1930 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine....
, who classified blood into only three groups; and was for this (blood types) discovery awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institutet. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Physiology or Medic...
 in 1930). Janský's classification remains in use today. A similar classification was described by William Lorenzo Moss, except the I and IV of Moss were the opposite to that of Janský's, leading to confusion in blood transfusion
Blood transfusion

Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. Blood transfusions can be life-saving in some situations, such as massive blood loss due to Physical trauma, or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery....
 until the use of A, B and O became standard.

Legacy

  • Frequent voluntary blood donors in The Czech Republic are awarded with Janský medal (Janského plaketa).


External links