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Jan Józef Lipski

 
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Jan Józef Lipski (26 May 1926 Warsaw
Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
 – 10 September 1991 Kraków
Kraków

Krak?w , in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow , is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with a population of 756,336 in 2007 ....
) was a Polish
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
 critic and literature historian, socialist politician, and notable Freemason
Freemasonry

Freemasonry is a fraternal and service organizations that arose from obscure origins in the late 16th to early 17th century. Freemasonry now exists in various forms all over the world, with a membership estimated at around 5 million ....
 (for a long time Master of the Copernicus Lodge). As a soldier of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa
Armia Krajowa

The Armia Krajowa , abbreviated "AK", was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II Nazi Germany-History of Poland . It was formed in February 1942 from the Zwiazek Walki Zbrojnej and over the next two years absorbed most other Polish underground forces....
), he fought in the Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising

The Warsaw Uprising was a struggle by the Armia Krajowa to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany occupation during World War II. The Uprising began on 1 August 1944, as part of a nationwide rebellion, Operation Tempest....
. Editor of collected works by Jan Kasprowicz
Jan Kasprowicz

Jan Kasprowicz was a poet, playwright, critic and translator; a foremost representative of Young Poland....
, Benedykt Chmielowski and Gabriela Zapolska
Gabriela Zapolska

Maria Gabriela Stefania Korwin-Piotrowska , known as Gabriela Zapolska, was a Poland novelist, playwright, naturalism , feuilletonist, theatre critic and stage actress....
.

een 1956 and 1957 Lipski was an editor of the pro-reform weekly “Po prostu”; from 1957 to 1959 he was president of the Klub Krzywego Kola.






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Jan Józef Lipski (26 May 1926 Warsaw
Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
 – 10 September 1991 Kraków
Kraków

Krak?w , in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow , is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with a population of 756,336 in 2007 ....
) was a Polish
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
 critic and literature historian, socialist politician, and notable Freemason
Freemasonry

Freemasonry is a fraternal and service organizations that arose from obscure origins in the late 16th to early 17th century. Freemasonry now exists in various forms all over the world, with a membership estimated at around 5 million ....
 (for a long time Master of the Copernicus Lodge). As a soldier of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa
Armia Krajowa

The Armia Krajowa , abbreviated "AK", was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II Nazi Germany-History of Poland . It was formed in February 1942 from the Zwiazek Walki Zbrojnej and over the next two years absorbed most other Polish underground forces....
), he fought in the Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising

The Warsaw Uprising was a struggle by the Armia Krajowa to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany occupation during World War II. The Uprising began on 1 August 1944, as part of a nationwide rebellion, Operation Tempest....
. Editor of collected works by Jan Kasprowicz
Jan Kasprowicz

Jan Kasprowicz was a poet, playwright, critic and translator; a foremost representative of Young Poland....
, Benedykt Chmielowski and Gabriela Zapolska
Gabriela Zapolska

Maria Gabriela Stefania Korwin-Piotrowska , known as Gabriela Zapolska, was a Poland novelist, playwright, naturalism , feuilletonist, theatre critic and stage actress....
.

Political life

Between 1956 and 1957 Lipski was an editor of the pro-reform weekly “Po prostu”; from 1957 to 1959 he was president of the Klub Krzywego Kola. In 1964 Lipski organized the Letter of the 34 (objecting the expansion of censorship in communist Poland). In 1975 he signed the Letter of 59
Letter of 59

Letter of 59 was an open letter signed by 66 Polish intellectuals who protested against the changes of the Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland....
 and in 1976 he co-funded the Workers' Defence Committee
Workers' Defence Committee

The Workers? Defence Committee was a Poland civil society group that emerged under communism rule to give aid to prisoners detained after labor strikes in 1976 and their families....
 (Komitet Obrony Robotnikow); as one of the most active members of this organization he organized help for the workers who protested in June 1976 against the government sponsored price increases in Radom
Radom

Radom is a city in central Poland with 227,309 inhabitants. It is located on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship , having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship , 100 km south of Poland's capital, Warsaw....
 and in Ursus
Ursus (district in Warsaw)

Ursus is one of the Warsawian districts. Between 1952 and 1977 it a was separate city, a legacy of which are Ursus' poor road connections with the Warsaw city centre....
 district of Warsaw
Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
.

In 1980, Lipski became a member of the Solidarity
Solidarity

Solidarity is a Poland trade union federation founded in September 1980 at the Gdansk Shipyard, and originally led by Lech Walesa.Solidarity was the first non-communist trade union in a communist country....
 Union and was elected a delegate to the 1st Delegates’ Rally to represent the Masovia
Masovia

Masovia or Mazovia is a geographic and Historical regions of Central Europe situated in eastern Poland's Masovian Plain. Its historic capitals include Plock and Warsaw....
 Region (based in Warsaw
Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
). On December 14th 1981, after the imposition of the martial law
Martial law in Poland

Martial law in Poland refers to the period of time from December 13, 1981 to July 22, 1983 when the government of the People's Republic of Poland drastically restricted normal life by introducing martial law in an attempt to crush the political opposition against the Communism rule in Poland....
, he was arrested and charged with orchestrating a protest.

As the only senior member of the non-communist opposition, he re-established the Polish Socialist Party
Polish Socialist Party

The Polish Socialist Party was one of the most important Poland left-wing political parties from its inception in 1892 until 1948.J?zef Pilsudski, founder of the Second Polish Republic, was a member and later leader of the PPS during early 20th century....
 (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna), which he led from 1987. In 1989 he was elected Senator
Senate of Poland

The Senate is the upper house of the Poland parliament. It consists of 100 senators elected by universal ballot and is headed by the Marshal of the Senate ....
 from Radom
Radom

Radom is a city in central Poland with 227,309 inhabitants. It is located on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship , having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship , 100 km south of Poland's capital, Warsaw....
 and was a member of the Civic Parliamentary Club (Obywatelski Klub Parlamentarny); he died during his term in office.

Lipski was decorated with the Cross of the Valorous (Krzyz Walecznych
Krzyz Walecznych

The Cross of Valor is a Poland military decoration. It was first introduced by the Council for the Defense of the State on August 11, 1920. It is awarded to an individual who "has demonstrated deeds of valor and courage on the battlefield." It may be awarded to the same person up to four times....
), posthumously with the Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Polonia Restituta

The Order of Polonia Restituta is one of Poland's highest Order . The Order can be conferred for outstanding achievements in the fields of education, science, sport, culture, art, economics, defense of the country, social work, civil service, or for furthering good relations between countries....
 (1991) and with the highest Polish decoration, the Order of the White Eagle
Order of the White Eagle

The Order of the White Eagle is Poland's highest Order awarded to both civilians and the military for their merits. It was officially instituted on November 1, 1705 by Augustus II the Strong and bestowed on eight of his supporters, four Polish magnates, three Russian field marshals, amongs them Peter von Lacy and one Cossack hetman....
 (2006).

In 2000, Jacek Kuron
Jacek Kuron

Jacek Jan Kuron was one of the democratic leaders of opposition in the People's Republic of Poland. Kuron was a prominent Polish social and political figure; educator and historian; an activist of the Polish Scouting Association; co-founder of the Workers' Defence Committee; twice a Minister of Labour and Social Policy....
 established the Jan Józef Lipski Open University of Teremiski.

Publications in English




Publications in Polish

  • Twórczosc Jana Kasprowicza, Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, Warszawa 1967
  • Warszawscy "pustelnicy" i "bywalscy", Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, Warszawa 1973 (dwutomowa antologia felietonu prasowego)
  • Komitet Obrony Robotników KOR – komitet samoobrony spolecznej, Aneks, London 1983; 2nd ed. Instytut Pamieci Narodowej, Warszawa 2006
  • Dwie ojczyzny – dwa patriotyzmy. Uwagi o megalomanii narodowej i ksenofobii Polaków, Stop, Warszawa 1984
  • Szkice o poezji, Instytut Literacki, Paryz 1987
  • Tunika Nessosa. Szkice o literaturze i nacjonalizmie, PEN, Warszawa 1992
  • Katolickie Panstwo Narodu Polskiego, Aneks, Londyn 1994
  • Powiedziec sobie wszystko ... : eseje o sasiedztwie polsko-niemieckim - Wir müssen uns alles sagen... Essays zur deutsch-polnischen Nachbarschaft , Wydawnictwo Polsko-Niemieckie, Warszawa 1996 (bilingual German-Polish edition)