James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury
Encyclopedia
James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury, KG
, PC (4 September 1748 – 13 June 1823), styled Viscount Cranborne until 1780 and known as 7th Earl of Salisbury between 1780 and 1789, was a British politician.
, and Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Keat.
in 1774, a seat he held until 1780, and briefly represented Launceston
and Plympton Erle
in 1780. The latter year he succeeded his father in the earldom of Salisbury and entered the House of Lords
. He served under Lord North
as Treasurer of the Household
between 1780 and 1782 and under William Pitt the Younger
and then Henry Addington
as Lord Chamberlain of the Household
between 1783 and 1804. He was admitted to the Privy Council in 1780 and created Marquess of Salisbury, in the County of Wiltshire, in 1789. He later served as Joint Postmaster General
under Lord Liverpool
from 1816 to 1823. He also held the honorary post of Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire
between 1771 and 1823. He was made a Knight of the Garter
in 1793.
, on 2 December 1773. She became known as a sportswoman and influential society hostess. The couple had four children:
Lord Salisbury died in June 1823, aged 74, and was succeeded by his only son, James. The Marchioness of Salisbury died in a fire at Hatfield House
in November 1835.
Order of the Garter
The Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry, or knighthood, existing in England. The order is dedicated to the image and arms of St...
, PC (4 September 1748 – 13 June 1823), styled Viscount Cranborne until 1780 and known as 7th Earl of Salisbury between 1780 and 1789, was a British politician.
Background
Salisbury was the son of James Cecil, 6th Earl of SalisburyJames Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury
James Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury was a British peer, son of James Cecil, 5th Earl of Salisbury and a member of one of England's greatest political dynasties. He was known for his irregular life as "the Wicked Earl"....
, and Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Keat.
Political career
Salisbury was returned to Parliament for Great BedwynGreat Bedwyn (UK Parliament constituency)
Great Bedwyn was a parliamentary borough in Wiltshire, which elected two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1832, when the borough was abolished by the Great Reform Act.-1295–1640:-1640–1832:Notes...
in 1774, a seat he held until 1780, and briefly represented Launceston
Launceston (UK Parliament constituency)
Launceston, also known at some periods as Dunheved, was a parliamentary constituency in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the British House of Commons from 1295 until 1832, and one member from 1832 until 1918...
and Plympton Erle
Plympton Erle (UK Parliament constituency)
Plympton Erle, also spelt Plympton Earle, was a parliamentary borough in Devon. It elected two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1832, when the borough was abolished by the Great Reform Act.-1295-1640:-1640-1832:...
in 1780. The latter year he succeeded his father in the earldom of Salisbury and entered the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
. He served under Lord North
Frederick North, Lord North
Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford, KG, PC , more often known by his courtesy title, Lord North, which he used from 1752 until 1790, was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led Great Britain through most of the American War of Independence...
as Treasurer of the Household
Treasurer of the Household
The position of Treasurer of the Household is theoretically held by a household official of the British monarch, under control of the Lord Steward's Department, but is, in fact, a political office held by one of the government's Deputy Chief Whips in the House of Commons...
between 1780 and 1782 and under William Pitt the Younger
William Pitt the Younger
William Pitt the Younger was a British politician of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He became the youngest Prime Minister in 1783 at the age of 24 . He left office in 1801, but was Prime Minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806...
and then Henry Addington
Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth
Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth, PC was a British statesman, and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1804....
as Lord Chamberlain of the Household
Lord Chamberlain
The Lord Chamberlain or Lord Chamberlain of the Household is one of the chief officers of the Royal Household in the United Kingdom and is to be distinguished from the Lord Great Chamberlain, one of the Great Officers of State....
between 1783 and 1804. He was admitted to the Privy Council in 1780 and created Marquess of Salisbury, in the County of Wiltshire, in 1789. He later served as Joint Postmaster General
United Kingdom Postmaster General
The Postmaster General of the United Kingdom is a defunct Cabinet-level ministerial position in HM Government. Aside from maintaining the postal system, the Telegraph Act of 1868 established the Postmaster General's right to exclusively maintain electric telegraphs...
under Lord Liverpool
Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool
Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool KG PC was a British politician and the longest-serving Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since the Union with Ireland in 1801. He was 42 years old when he became premier in 1812 which made him younger than all of his successors to date...
from 1816 to 1823. He also held the honorary post of Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire
Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire
This is an incomplete list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire.*Sir Ralph Sadleir 1570–?*Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon 1583–1585*Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester 3 July 1585 – 4 September 1588...
between 1771 and 1823. He was made a Knight of the Garter
Order of the Garter
The Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry, or knighthood, existing in England. The order is dedicated to the image and arms of St...
in 1793.
Family
Lord Salisbury married Lady Emily Mary, daughter of Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of DownshireWills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire
Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire PC , known as the Viscount Hillsborough from 1742 to 1751 and as the Earl of Hillsborough from 1751 to 1789, was a British politician of the Georgian era...
, on 2 December 1773. She became known as a sportswoman and influential society hostess. The couple had four children:
- Lady Georgiana Charlotte Augusta Cecil (d. 1860), married Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron CowleyHenry Wellesley, 1st Baron CowleyHenry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley GCB was the youngest brother of the Duke of Wellington, and became a notable diplomat in his own right.-Life:...
- Lady Emily Anne Bennet Elizabeth Cecil (d. 1858), married George Nugent, 1st Marquess of WestmeathGeorge Nugent, 1st Marquess of WestmeathGeorge Thomas John Nugent, 1st Marquess of Westmeath , styled Lord Delvin between 1792 and 1814 and known as The Earl of Westmeath between 1814 and 1821, was an Irish peer.-Background:...
and had issue. - Caroline Cecil, died young.
- James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of SalisburyJames Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of SalisburyJames Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury, KG, PC , styled Viscount Cranborne until 1823, was a British Conservative politician. He held office under the Earl of Derby as Lord Privy Seal in 1852 and Lord President of the Council between 1858 and 1859...
(1791–1868)
Lord Salisbury died in June 1823, aged 74, and was succeeded by his only son, James. The Marchioness of Salisbury died in a fire at Hatfield House
Hatfield House
Hatfield House is a country house set in a large park, the Great Park, on the eastern side of the town of Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England. The present Jacobean house was built in 1611 by Robert Cecil, First Earl of Salisbury and Chief Minister to King James I and has been the home of the Cecil...
in November 1835.