JP-5
Encyclopedia
JP-5 or JP5 is a yellow, kerosene
-based jet fuel
developed in 1952 for use in aircraft stationed aboard aircraft carrier
s, where the risk from fire is particularly great. JP-5 is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon
s, containing alkane
s, naphthenes, and aromatic hydrocarbon
s that weighs 6.8 lb/U.S.gal and has a high flash point
(min. 60 °C or 140 °F). It is the primary jet fuel for most navies.
The JP-4
and JP-5 fuels, covered by the MIL-DTL-5624 U Specification, are intended for use in aircraft turbine engines. These fuels require military-unique additives that are necessary in military weapon system
s, engines, and missions.
JP-5's flash point is substantially higher than commercial aviation
turbine fuels, an important advantage because it is stored in large quantities on aircraft carriers and support vessels. Its freezing point is −46 °C. It does not contain antistatic agent
s.
JP-5's NATO code is F-44. It is also called AVCAT fuel for Aviation carrier turbine fuel. It is specified by MIL-DTL-5624 U (TURBINE FUEL, AVIATION, GRADES JP-4 AND JP-5), last issued on 2004, and meets the British Specification DEF STAN 91-86 AVCAT/FSII (formerly DERD 2452).
Kerosene
Kerosene, sometimes spelled kerosine in scientific and industrial usage, also known as paraffin or paraffin oil in the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Ireland and South Africa, is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid. The name is derived from Greek keros...
-based jet fuel
Jet fuel
Jet fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is clear to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1 which are produced to a standardized international specification...
developed in 1952 for use in aircraft stationed aboard aircraft carrier
Aircraft carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship designed with a primary mission of deploying and recovering aircraft, acting as a seagoing airbase. Aircraft carriers thus allow a naval force to project air power worldwide without having to depend on local bases for staging aircraft operations...
s, where the risk from fire is particularly great. JP-5 is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons from which one hydrogen atom has been removed are functional groups, called hydrocarbyls....
s, containing alkane
Alkane
Alkanes are chemical compounds that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and are bonded exclusively by single bonds without any cycles...
s, naphthenes, and aromatic hydrocarbon
Aromatic hydrocarbon
An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene is a hydrocarbon with alternating double and single bonds between carbon atoms. The term 'aromatic' was assigned before the physical mechanism determining aromaticity was discovered, and was derived from the fact that many of the compounds have a sweet scent...
s that weighs 6.8 lb/U.S.gal and has a high flash point
Flash point
The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which it can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air. Measuring a flash point requires an ignition source...
(min. 60 °C or 140 °F). It is the primary jet fuel for most navies.
The JP-4
JP-4
JP-4, or JP4 was a jet fuel, specified in 1951 by the U.S. government . It was a 50-50 kerosene-gasoline blend. It has lower flash point than JP-1, but was preferred because of its greater availability. It was the primary U.S. Air Force jet fuel between 1951 and 1995. Its NATO code is F-40...
and JP-5 fuels, covered by the MIL-DTL-5624 U Specification, are intended for use in aircraft turbine engines. These fuels require military-unique additives that are necessary in military weapon system
Weapon system
Weapon System is a United States military term that designated, along with a weapon system number , military experimental systems prior to official naming Weapon System is a United States military term that designated, along with a weapon system number (e.g., WS-110), military experimental (MX)...
s, engines, and missions.
JP-5's flash point is substantially higher than commercial aviation
Commercial aviation
Commercial aviation is the part of civil aviation that involves operating aircraft for hire to transport passengers or cargo...
turbine fuels, an important advantage because it is stored in large quantities on aircraft carriers and support vessels. Its freezing point is −46 °C. It does not contain antistatic agent
Antistatic agent
An antistatic agent is a compound used for treatment of materials or their surfaces in order to reduce or eliminate buildup of static electricity generally caused by the triboelectric effect. Its role is to make the surface or the material itself slightly conductive, either by being conductive...
s.
Other names
Other names for JP-5 are: NCI-C54784, Fuel oil no. 5, Residual oil no. 5.JP-5's NATO code is F-44. It is also called AVCAT fuel for Aviation carrier turbine fuel. It is specified by MIL-DTL-5624 U (TURBINE FUEL, AVIATION, GRADES JP-4 AND JP-5), last issued on 2004, and meets the British Specification DEF STAN 91-86 AVCAT/FSII (formerly DERD 2452).
See also
- Aviation fuelAviation fuelAviation fuel is a specialized type of petroleum-based fuel used to power aircraft. It is generally of a higher quality than fuels used in less critical applications, such as heating or road transport, and often contains additives to reduce the risk of icing or explosion due to high temperatures,...
- Jet fuelJet fuelJet fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is clear to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1 which are produced to a standardized international specification...
- JP-1JP-1JP-1 was an early jet fuel, specified in 1944 by the U.S. government . It was a pure kerosene fuel with high flash point and a freezing point of −60 °C...
, JP-4JP-4JP-4, or JP4 was a jet fuel, specified in 1951 by the U.S. government . It was a 50-50 kerosene-gasoline blend. It has lower flash point than JP-1, but was preferred because of its greater availability. It was the primary U.S. Air Force jet fuel between 1951 and 1995. Its NATO code is F-40...
, JP-6JP-6Jet Propellant 6 is a type of jet fuel developed for General Electric YJ93 jet engine of the XB-70 Valkyrie supersonic aircraft. JP-6 was similar to JP-5 but with a lower freezing point and improved thermal oxidative stability...
, JP-7JP-7JP-7 is a jet fuel developed by the U.S. Air Force for use in supersonic aircraft because of its high flash point and thermal stability. It is the fuel used in the Pratt & Whitney J58 engines, used in the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird. The air compression of Mach 3+ cruising flight generates very high...
, JP-8JP-8JP-8, or JP8 is a jet fuel, specified and used widely by the US military. It is specified by MIL-DTL-83133 and British Defence Standard 91-87, and similar to commercial aviation's Jet-A.... - JPTSJPTSJPTS stands for Jet Propellant Thermally Stable , and was created specifically for the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft....