Israeli legislative election, 1988: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

Israeli legislative election, 1988

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Party	Votes	%	Seats at start of session	Seats at end of session
	Israeli legislative election, 1988
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	Topics Israeli legislative election, 1988 Topic Home Elections Elections in Israel Israel elects its national legislature, the Knesset, by proportional representation on a national list basis. The Knesset has 120 members, elected for terms of four years.... for the twelfth Knesset were held in Israel Israel Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area.... on 1 November, 1988. Voter turnout was 78.9%. le class="wikitable" style="text-align:center">
Likud Likud Likud is the major center-right List of political parties in Israel in Israel. It was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin, largely as the "direct ideological descendant" of the Herut, in an alliance with several other right-wing and liberal parties.... ^{1 6 7}	709,305	31.1%	40	38
Alignment Alignment (political party) The Alignment was an alliance of the major left-wing parties in Israel between the 1960s and 1990s. It was established as the Labor Alignment in 1965 as an alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda but was dissolved three years later when the two parties and Rafi formally merged into the Israeli Labor Party.... ^{6 7}	685,363	30.0%	39	38
Shas Shas Shas is a List of political parties in Israel in Israel, primarily representing Haredi Judaism Sephardi Jews and Mizrahi Jews Judaism. Following the Israeli legislative election, 2006 in which Shas won 12 seats, it joined Ehud Olmert's coalition government and holds four cabinet posts.... ²	107,709	4.7%	6	5
Agudat Israel Agudat Israel Agudat Israel began as the original political party representing Haredi Judaism in Israel. It was the umbrella party for almost all Haredi Jews in Israel, and before that in the British Mandate of Palestine.... ³	102,714	4.5%	5	4
Ratz ⁴	97,513	4.3%	5	0
National Religious Party National Religious Party The National Religious Party was a List of political parties in Israel in Israel representing the Religious Zionism movement. Formed in 1956, at the time of its dissolution in 2008, it was the second oldest surviving party in the country after Agudat Yisrael, and was part of every government coalition until 1992....	89,720	3.9%	5	5
Hadash Hadash Hadash is a far-left List of political parties in Israel in Israel. Hadash defines itself as a 'Jewish-Arab Party'. Most of its voters and leaders are Israeli Arabs.... ⁵	84,032	3.7%	4	3
Tehiya Tehiya Tehiya , originally known as Banai , then Tehiya-Bnai , was a small Right wing politics political party in Israel that existed from 1979 until 1992....	70,730	3.1%	3	3
Mapam Mapam Mapam was a List of political parties in Israel in Israel and is one of the ancestors of the modern-day Meretz-Yachad party.... ⁴	56,345	2.5%	3	0
Tzomet Tzomet Tzomet is a small secular, right wing List of political parties in Israel in Israel....	45,489	2.0%	2	2
Moledet Moledet Moledet is a small right-wing political party in Israel. It advocates the notion of voluntary population transfer of the Arab population of the West Bank....	44,174	1.9%	2	2
Shinui Shinui Shinui was a Zionism, secular and Anti-clericalism free market Liberalism worldwide in Israel. The party twice become the third largest in the Knesset, but on both occasions it was followed by a split and collapse; in Israeli legislative election, 1977 the party won 15 seats as part of the Democratic Movement for Change, but the alliance spl... ^{4 6}	39,538	1.7%	2	0
Degel HaTorah Degel HaTorah Degel HaTorah is an Ashkenazi Jews Haredi Judaism List of political parties in Israel in Israel. For much of its existence it has been allied to Agudat Israel under the name United Torah Judaism....	34,279	1.5%	2	2
Progressive List for Peace Progressive List for Peace The Progressive List for Peace was an Israeli political party formed from an alliance of both Arab and Jewish left-wing activists.Two candidates were successfully elected to the Israeli_legislative_election%2C_1984 Knesset in 1984: Mohammed Miari and Mattityahu Peled....	33,279	1.5%	1	1
Arab Democratic Party Arab Democratic Party (Israel) The Arab Democratic Party commonly known in Israel by its Hebrew acroynym Mada was a List of political parties in Israel in Israel. Since the late 1990s it has been a faction within the United Arab List....	27,012	1.2%	1	1
Non-qualifiers Israeli legislative election, 1988 Elections in Israel for the twelfth Knesset were held in Israel on 1 November, 1988. Voter turnout was 78.9%....	55,921	2.5%
Total	2,283,123	100%	120	120

Meretz Meretz-Yachad The New Movement-Meretz , previously known as Meretz, then Yachad, and then Meretz-Yachad is a left-wing, Zionist, Social democracy List of political parties in Israel in Israel, which emphasizes the Israeli peace camp, human rights, religious freedom and green politics.... ⁴
0	10
New Liberal Party New Liberal Party (Israel) The New Liberal Party was a List of political parties in Israel in Israel in the early 1990s.... ¹
0	3
Moria ²
0	1
Black Panthers ⁵
0	1
Geulat Israel Geulat Israel Geulat Israel was a short-lived Haredi Judaism List of political parties in Israel in Israel in the early 1990s.... ³
0	1
Unity for Peace and Immigration Unity for Peace and Immigration Unity for Peace and Immigration was a short-lived one man List of political parties in Israel in Israel in the early 1990s.... ⁷
0	0

¹ Five members of the Likud left to form the Party for the Advancement of the Zionist Idea; after two returned, the party was renamed the New Liberal Party.

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Elections
Elections in Israel

Israel elects its national legislature, the Knesset, by proportional representation on a national list basis. The Knesset has 120 members, elected for terms of four years....
for the twelfth Knesset were held in Israel

Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
on 1 November, 1988. Voter turnout was 78.9%.

Results

Party	Votes	%	Seats at start of session	Seats at end of session
Likud Likud Likud is the major center-right List of political parties in Israel in Israel. It was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin, largely as the "direct ideological descendant" of the Herut, in an alliance with several other right-wing and liberal parties.... ^{1 6 7}	709,305	31.1%	40	38
Alignment Alignment (political party) The Alignment was an alliance of the major left-wing parties in Israel between the 1960s and 1990s. It was established as the Labor Alignment in 1965 as an alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda but was dissolved three years later when the two parties and Rafi formally merged into the Israeli Labor Party.... ^{6 7}	685,363	30.0%	39	38
Shas Shas Shas is a List of political parties in Israel in Israel, primarily representing Haredi Judaism Sephardi Jews and Mizrahi Jews Judaism. Following the Israeli legislative election, 2006 in which Shas won 12 seats, it joined Ehud Olmert's coalition government and holds four cabinet posts.... ²	107,709	4.7%	6	5
Agudat Israel Agudat Israel Agudat Israel began as the original political party representing Haredi Judaism in Israel. It was the umbrella party for almost all Haredi Jews in Israel, and before that in the British Mandate of Palestine.... ³	102,714	4.5%	5	4
Ratz ⁴	97,513	4.3%	5	0
National Religious Party National Religious Party The National Religious Party was a List of political parties in Israel in Israel representing the Religious Zionism movement. Formed in 1956, at the time of its dissolution in 2008, it was the second oldest surviving party in the country after Agudat Yisrael, and was part of every government coalition until 1992....	89,720	3.9%	5	5
Hadash Hadash Hadash is a far-left List of political parties in Israel in Israel. Hadash defines itself as a 'Jewish-Arab Party'. Most of its voters and leaders are Israeli Arabs.... ⁵	84,032	3.7%	4	3
Tehiya Tehiya Tehiya , originally known as Banai , then Tehiya-Bnai , was a small Right wing politics political party in Israel that existed from 1979 until 1992....	70,730	3.1%	3	3
Mapam Mapam Mapam was a List of political parties in Israel in Israel and is one of the ancestors of the modern-day Meretz-Yachad party.... ⁴	56,345	2.5%	3	0
Tzomet Tzomet Tzomet is a small secular, right wing List of political parties in Israel in Israel....	45,489	2.0%	2	2
Moledet Moledet Moledet is a small right-wing political party in Israel. It advocates the notion of voluntary population transfer of the Arab population of the West Bank....	44,174	1.9%	2	2
Shinui Shinui Shinui was a Zionism, secular and Anti-clericalism free market Liberalism worldwide in Israel. The party twice become the third largest in the Knesset, but on both occasions it was followed by a split and collapse; in Israeli legislative election, 1977 the party won 15 seats as part of the Democratic Movement for Change, but the alliance spl... ^{4 6}	39,538	1.7%	2	0
Degel HaTorah Degel HaTorah Degel HaTorah is an Ashkenazi Jews Haredi Judaism List of political parties in Israel in Israel. For much of its existence it has been allied to Agudat Israel under the name United Torah Judaism....	34,279	1.5%	2	2
Progressive List for Peace Progressive List for Peace The Progressive List for Peace was an Israeli political party formed from an alliance of both Arab and Jewish left-wing activists.Two candidates were successfully elected to the Israeli_legislative_election%2C_1984 Knesset in 1984: Mohammed Miari and Mattityahu Peled....	33,279	1.5%	1	1
Arab Democratic Party Arab Democratic Party (Israel) The Arab Democratic Party commonly known in Israel by its Hebrew acroynym Mada was a List of political parties in Israel in Israel. Since the late 1990s it has been a faction within the United Arab List....	27,012	1.2%	1	1
Non-qualifiers Israeli legislative election, 1988 Elections in Israel for the twelfth Knesset were held in Israel on 1 November, 1988. Voter turnout was 78.9%....	55,921	2.5%
Total	2,283,123	100%	120	120

Meretz Meretz-Yachad The New Movement-Meretz , previously known as Meretz, then Yachad, and then Meretz-Yachad is a left-wing, Zionist, Social democracy List of political parties in Israel in Israel, which emphasizes the Israeli peace camp, human rights, religious freedom and green politics.... ⁴
0	10
New Liberal Party New Liberal Party (Israel) The New Liberal Party was a List of political parties in Israel in Israel in the early 1990s.... ¹
0	3
Moria ²
0	1
Black Panthers ⁵
0	1
Geulat Israel Geulat Israel Geulat Israel was a short-lived Haredi Judaism List of political parties in Israel in Israel in the early 1990s.... ³
0	1
Unity for Peace and Immigration Unity for Peace and Immigration Unity for Peace and Immigration was a short-lived one man List of political parties in Israel in Israel in the early 1990s.... ⁷
0	0

¹ Five members of the Likud left to form the Party for the Advancement of the Zionist Idea; after two returned, the party was renamed the New Liberal Party. One member moved from the Alignment to the Likud.

² One MK left Shas and established Moria.

³ One MK left Agudat Israel and established Geulat Israel.

⁴ Ratz, Mapam, and Shinui merged into Meretz.

⁵ Black Panthers broke away from Hadash.

⁶ One member of Shinui joined Ratz, whilst an Alignment MK joined Shinui.

⁷ Unity for Peace and Immigration broke away from the Alignment and merged into Likud.

Non-qualifiers

Tarshish
Moshe Dwek

Moshe Dwek , was a Yemenite Jews Aliyah most notable for throwing a hand grenade in the Knesset while it was in session on 29 October 1957. The grenade was meant for Prime Minister of Israel David Ben-Gurion and Minister Golda Meir but ended up seriously wounding Minister of Religions Rabbi Haim-Moshe Shapira of the National Religious Party....
(700 votes)

The twelfth Knesset

Likud's Yitzhak Shamir

Yitzhak Shamir

was Prime Minister of Israel of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992....
formed the 23rd government on 22 December 1988, including the Alignment, the National Religious Party, Shas, Agudat Israel and Degel HaTorah in his coalition, with 25 ministers.

In 1990 Shimon Peres

Shimon Peres

Order of St Michael and St George is the ninth and current President of Israel. Peres served twice as Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 Cabinet of Israel in a political career spanning over 66 years....
tried to form an Alignment-led coalition in a move that became known as "the dirty trick

The dirty trick (Israel)

The dirty trick refers to a political scandal that erupted in Israel in 1990. It consisted of an attempt by Shimon Peres to form a narrow government made up of the left factions and the Haredi ones....
", but failed to win sufficient support. Eventually Shamir formed the 24th government on 11 June 1990, with a coalition encompassing Likud, the National Religious Party, Shas, Agudat Israel, Degel HaTorah, the New Liberal Party, Tehiya, Tzomet, Moledet, Unity for Peace and Immigration and Geulat Israel. Tehiya, Tzomet and Moledet all left the coalition in late 1991/early 1992 in protest at Shamir's participation in the Madrid Conference

Madrid Conference of 1991

The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR. It convened on October 30 1991 and lasted for three days....
.

The Twelfth Knesset saw the rise of the ultra-orthodox religious parties as a significant force in Israeli politics, and as a crucial "swing" element which could determine which of the large 2 secular parties (Likud, Alignment) would get to form the coalition government.

External links

Knesset website
Knesset website